Compute! Magazine Issue 067

r^

How To Choose An Income Tax Program

COMPUTE!

The Leading Magazine Of Home, Educational, And Recreational Computing

$2,95

December
1985
Issue 67
Vol. 7, No. 12

®

S3 75 Canaoa

02193

ISSN 01V4-357X

SpeedScript Revisited

Eintiancements

To SpeedScript 3,0

Bailoon Crazy
Exciting Arcade Gome
For Commodore 64/128
Atari, Apple,
lilVI PC/PCjr, V

Atari Fine Scrolling
Secrets Of Advanced
Atari Graphics

Commodore 128 Vide
Design Your Own
Custom Characters

llVlillion-Color Palette^
For PC & PCjr
Create Extra Colors
Without Extra Hardware

Apple Disk Booster
increase Disk Capacity
With This Short Program

1 2

7U86 '02193'

-^

<wfe

RAINDOM HOUSE

■tk'siMni iMH

; Ci

iki'Shih^^^

1, 2,3s

e' '-^^r^N

['EANUTS- '85— New
editions to the Pc<inuts
fnmilv: "Charlie Brown's
1, 2, 3's," "Snoopv Write)-,
"Math Matcher &
"Typing Is A Ball."

MR. AND MRS,
POTATO HEAD"— An
animated computer
version of the children's
classic.

GARFIELD?— New!
"Eat Your Words"
and "Double Dares,"
featuring evervone's
favorite wise guy.

ALPINE ENCOUNTERt
— A spy thriller graph-
ics and text adventure
program to challenge
the whole faniilv.

PATCHWORKS'-
Design, edit and print
out cfazzling patterns for
quiltsand otnercreative
projects,

APBA MAJOR LEAGUE
PLAYERS BASEBALL—
Based on the popular
APBA board game.
Manage the pros with
complete 1954 stats on
676 players on 2 disks.

FIX

fWTCHWORKS

FIX IT — A construction
set forthe mind. Sclve
over 200 coli>rful brain
teasers to set iniagi ^a-
tive machines in m'.)tion.

U
U

PEANUTS"— The Orig-
inal Pcanutsprograms,
including "Cliarlie
Brown's A, B,C's,"
"Snoopv's Skywriter
Scramofer" and more.

s*^

TOURNAMENT
BRIDG E— Com DeH Hon
and practice for tne
serious bridge player.

HO! HO! HO!— 5 family
Christmas games ata
special holiday price.

MAKING MUSICON
MICROS— The creative,
musical approach to
BASIC computer pro-
gramming.

^

linisi"'

Mm

ALL THE BEST FROM OUR HOUSE TO YOUR HOUS E.

Visit your software dealer, or call 1-800-638-6460 (in MD, 800-492-0782).

\ts: ■ J'fSO. 1952, I1.SK, 1%(1. l«(>8, l")?!, UnilfdfiMlurf Syndicate, liiciCAKI^JFl.D: '. 1978, UnitL'd IV.UvirrSvndiMk-. lnc.;MU. *.- MKS POTATO H1;AI3:
.■ t Graph icstrtati'd with Ponqurn 5oftuari''s " Crarhioi Magician, ' > 19«5 tondum House, Inc. All ri|;liH rL>wr\txi.

"^^?- :^-u^-5^ -'S'^Ss:^-?;;:.!: a'^^^ji'

Flight Simulator

Scenery Disks

The Challenge of Accomplished Flight

With n realism comparable to (and in some ways even surpassing)
$100,000 aircp*aft flight simuiators. Flight Simulator II includes full
flight instrumentation and avionics, and provides a full-color out-the-
wjndow view. Instruments are arranged in the format standard to
modern aircraft. All the radios needed for IFR flight arc included.
Front, rear, left, right, and diagonal views let you look in any direction.
Program features are clearly documented in a 96-page Pilot's Operat-
ing Handbook.

For training in proper flight techniques. Flight Simulator II includes
another 96-page instruction manual, compiled by two professional
flight insti-uctors with over 8,000 hours flight time and 12,000 hours
of aviation teaching experience. You'll learn correct FAA-
recommended flight procedures, from basic aircraft control through
instrument approaches. To reward your accomplishments, the
manual even includes a section on acrobatic maneuvers.

The Realism and Beauty of Flight

Go sight-seeing over detailed, realistic United States .i_
scenery. High-speed graphic drivers provide an
animated out-the-window view in either day, dusk, or
night flying modes.

Flight Simulator II features over 80 airports in four

different scenery areas; New York. Chicago, Seattle,
and Los Angeles. Six additional Scenery Disks covering
the entire Western half of the United States are now
available in IBM and C64/I28 disk formats.

Apple and Atari versions will be released soon. Each disk covers a

geographical region of the country in detail, and is very reasonably
priced,

The Pure Fun of "World War I Ace"

When you think you're ready, you can test your flying skills with the
"World War I Ace" aerial battle game. This game sends you on a
bombing run over heavily-defended enemy territory. Six enemy
fighters will attempt to engage you in combat as soon as war is
declared. Your aircraft can carry five bombs, and your machine guns
are loaded with 100 rounds of ammunition.

See Your Dealer. Flight Simulator II is available on disk for the
Apple II, Atari XUXE, and Commodore 64/128 computers for
$49.95. Scenery Disks for the C64 and IBM PC (jet or Microsoft
Flight Simulator) are $19.95 each. A complete Western U.S. Scenery
six-disk set is also available for $99.95. For additional product or
ordering information, call (800) 637-4983.

Apple II n 3 srndcmirk of Apple Computer. Inc.
Atari XL .ind XE arc tradcm:irki of Atari Corp
^ _. Commodore 6-1 ,ind 1 18 arc tradcmarki of Commodore Electronics Ltd-

]i &orII

\\ Buiinesi Machifiei Corp.

LOGIC

713 Edgebrook Drive
Champaign IL 61820

(2171 359-8482 Telex: 2M995

Order Line: (800) 637-4983

(exeepiin iifir^s AtaBftj'anaHawa-i

GettheOKIDATA120
at these fine stores:

Advantage Computer

Accessories {Canada)
Childworld/Children's Palace
Consumers Distributing
David Weis
Electronics Boutique/

Games & Gadgets
Federated
Fred Meyer
Uonel/Kiddie Cit>'/

Lionel Playw'ortd
Montgomery Ward

(at participating stores)
S. E.Nichols
Service Merchandise
Toys 'R Us

MS-8348

Left Brain.

TIF1V OKIOnTn ISO

Rational, Functional. Precise.

Introducing the OKIDATA 120, the logical printer for your

Comtnodore' computer.

Get results fest. With a utilit>' mode that zips through letters
and reports at twice the speed of any Commodore printer.

Switch to the enhanced mode. And print your most important
ideas with typewriter clarity. Or illustrate your rationale with the
120's bit image graphics for high resolution charts, graphs and
drawings.

Stay on target With a self-inking "Clean Hands" ribbon
cartridge. And Okidata's famous full year warranty on parts,
labor and printhead.

The OKIDATA 120. At $269* , it's the only Commodore-
compatible printer that makes sense.

For more infomiation, call 1-800-OKIDATA (in New Jersey
609-235-2600). Mt. Uurel, NJ 08054.

OKIDATA

^k an OKI AMERICA company

We put business on paper.

Comimidore k a re^.?tered Irailemark of Commixlore BusiniSB Machines, Inc.
OKID.-Vr.^ is a rt-gislered trademark cif OKI .^MKRICA. INC.
'Manufacturer's suggested retail price.

Right Bmin

Effervescent. Colorful Outrageous.

Meet the OKIMATE 10, the $208* color printer that takes

your Atari* or Commodore' computer over the rainbow!

Dazzle 'em. With brilliant printing in over 36 eye-tickling
colors. Reds, greens, golds and blues that breathe life into
everything: from charts and graphs to original drawings and
overhead transparencies.

And when you're forced to work in black and white, the
OKIMATE 10 prints crisp, clean reports and papers— at 240
words per minute. You can even add spice with wide, bold and
fine print

Everything you need for color printing comes vwth the
OKIMATE 10 and its Plug 'n Print package. Including a data
cable, Learn to Print and Color Screen Print software diskettes,
a color ribbon cartridge, a black ribbon cartridge and paper.

So c'mon, print on the wild side. Witli the OKIMATE 10
Personal Color Printer from Okidata.

For more information, call 1-800-OKIDATA (in New Jersey
609-235-2600). Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054.

OKIDATA

^k an OKI AMERICA company

We put business on paper.

' Manufacturer's suggested retiiil price, Atari is a registerej trademark of Atari, Inc.

Commodore is a registered trademark of Commixlore Badness Machinei, Inc,

OKID.WA is a registered trademark of OKI A.MEHICA. INC.

OKIMATB and PlufC n !'rint are trademarks of OKI ,\MERICA. INC.

To run I'lug 'n Print softw'are. the Commodore 64, 128 anil PLUS 4 require disk drive.

Atari requires disk drive ajid a 48K memory.

Buy Now!
SI5 Manufacturer's
rebate on OKIMATE 10.
Offer good from October 1,
1985 throu^ Januatry 31,
1986. See the following par-
ticipating stores for details.

Advantage Computer

Accessories (Canada)
Arthur's Jewelers
Best Catalog Showrooms
Brendle's
Caldor

Childworid/Children's Palace
Consumers Distributing
Crazy Eddie
David Weis

Dojgins Catalog Showrooms
Electronic Boutique/

Games & Gadgets
Ellman's
Evans
Federated
Fred Meyer
Fred P. Gattas
G.C. Murphy/Murphy Mart
G.I. Joe
Great Western

Catalog Showrooms
J. Triesman

Jafco Catalog SKowrooms
LaBelles Catalog Showrooms
Lionel/KidiJie City/

Lionel Playworld
McDade

Meijers (Michigan only)
Montgomery Ward

(at participatirtg stores)
Prange
S.E. Nichols
Save-Rite
Sears, Roebuck & Co.

(at participating stores)
Service Merchandise
Stereo Village
Stokes
Toys 'R Us
Videoland
Witmark

Wizards Electronics
Zayre

\/

SYLVIA PORTERS
PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNER

DOES NIORE THAN
MANAGE YOUR iWONEY

IT PIANSVDUR FHANOAL FUTURE TOO

Sylvia Porter, and the editors of Sylvia Porter's Personal Finance Magazine, now combine with all the computer tools
you'll ever need to help manage your money on a day-to-day basis and plan your financial future, too. In Sylvia Porter's

style, without complicated financial jargon or "computerese".

Volume]

Your Personal Financial Planner:

Helps you track your day-to-
day financial data, then com-
bines tliis information witli your
future financial objectives to
produce the most comprehen-
sive and easily-understood finan
cial planning program available.

For Your Day-to-Doy
Affairs:

• Maintains your electronic check-
book and credit card system.

• Writes your checks and balances
your checkbook. (We even built in a
calculator and memo pad for you

• Prepares and monitors your budget,

• Classifies and tracks your taxable
income and expenses.

• Calculates your net worth and gener-
ates customized personal financial
statements.

• Tracks your financial assets - and your
insurance policies.

• Graphically generates supplemental data
such as percentages, ratios and charts.

• You get our Toll-Free Hotline and our Cus-
tomer Technical Support Team al no ctiarge.

• You get Timeworks' Money Back Guarantee
(Details in each package.)

For Your Financial Future:

» You'll be led slep-by-step througti a
series of questions regarding your life
and lifestyle, your financial goals, and
your current financial condition. Your
answers will enable a cortiputer
to determine and print a summary
of the amounts you must save eacti
year to meet your financial
objectives - in both real and inflated
dollars.
• Helps you plan for protection
against major medical adversities
and other financial setbacks.
Each program interfaces with
others in this series. Your
information can be
incorporated into letters and
reports produced by
Timeworks' Word Writer.
• Everything is integrated. You
need to enter data only
once.

Available for Apple, IBM
and Commodore computers.

Moderately Priced - from your
favorite Dealer or contact
Timeworks for (he Dealer closest to you.

Next in this integrated series:

Your Personal Investment Manager.

Other Timeworks Programs: The Evelyn Wood
Dynamic Reader = Word Writer with Spell
Checker Data Manager 2 ■ SwiftCalc with
Sideways ° Business Systems ■ Swiftax
Cave of the Word Wizard ■ Wall Street

More power for your dollar.

TIMEWORKS, INC., 444 Lake Cook Rd., Deerfleld, IL 60015, 312-948-9200

'984 Sylvia Porter's Personal Finance Magazirs Co, S, Timeworiis, Inc. All ngfits reserved

COMPUTE!

DECEMBER 1985
VOLUME 7
NUMBER 12
ISSUE 67

FEATURES

23 The Digital Diet: Staying in Shape with Your Computer Selby Boteman

36 A Taxing Aiternative Kathy YokoI

42 Boiioon Crazy Joseph Russ

65 Memo Diary Jim Butterfieid

GUIDE TO ARTICLES
AND PROGRAMS

•
•

AT/64/1 28/AP/

PC/PCjr/Tl

64/128/VIC/+4/16/

P/AT/AP/PC/PCjr/TI

REV EWS

78 Wishbringer James V. Trunzo

78 Remember! Kareri McCuIlough

80 Mudpies for Atari 520ST Gregg Keizer

84 BASIC XE for Atari Robert L. Riggs

64/AP/AT/PC/PCjr/

AM/ST/MAC

64/AP/PC/PCjr

AT

AT

AP

AT/64

•

AP
64/AP

85 Rescue Raiders for Apple James V. Trunzo

85 Field of Fire for Atari & 64 James V. Trunzo

86 NEC 8401 A Portable Computer Gregg Keizer

86 MouseWrite for Apple lie 8t lie Gregg Keizer

87 Phanfasie tor Apple 8c 64 James V, Trunzo

COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS

6 The Editor's Notes Gregg Keizer

Tl

AT

PC/PCjr

10 Readers' Feedback The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE!

32 HOTWARE

126 The Beginner's Page: No Strings Attached Tom R. Halfhill

127 Computers and Society: Another Kind of Home Computing . David D. Thornburg

128 The World Inside the Computer: Pieces of Our Past Fred D'Ignazio

129 Telecomputing Today In Pursuit of Lower Phone Bills Arlan R, Levltan

130 Programming the Tl: Christmas Graphics C. Regena

132 INSIGHT- Atari — The Hidden Power of Atari BASIC Bill Wilkinson

134 IBM Personal Computing: Diary of a Home Application Donald B. Trivette

THE JOURNAL

74 The New MLX Ottis R, Cowper

90 SpeedScript 3.0 Revisited Charles Brannon

94 Apple Disk Booster D. W. Hoover

96 Atari Keypad - R- Alan Beike

99 Million-Color Palette for IBM PC & PCjr John Klein 8c Jeff Klein

103 Comouted GOTOs & GOSUBs for Commodore 64 William M. Wiese

64/128

64/VIC/AT/AP

AP

AT

PC/PCjr

64/128

64

AP

AT

64/128/VIC

64/1 28/VIC/ -f 4/1 6/P

128

AP

AT

105 Refurbish Your 64 Richard Roffers & Jeffrey Hock

108 Apple ProDOS Disk Menu K, Michael Parker

1 10 Atnri Finp Srrollina Karl E. Wiegers

1 14 Commodore Program Chaining Orlando Lee Stevenson

1 16 Commodore Dynamic Keyboard, Part 3 Jim Butterfieid

1 ifl Arivnnrpri Commodore 1 28 Video ■ ■ • Jim Butterfieid

120 Apple Hi-Res Screen Dump Mark Russinovich

122 Disassembler for Atari William Casner

124 CAPUTEI Modifications or Corrections to Previous Articles
135 Apple MLX: Mactnlne Language Entry Program

144 Advertisers Index

TOLL FREE Subscription Order Line
800-334-0668 (In NC 919-275-9S09)

AP Apple. Mac Macintosh. AT
Atari, ST, Atari SI. V VlC-20. 64
Commoacre 64. +4 Commodore
Pius/4. liCommoaore 16. 126
Commodore 128.'P PET/CBM. Ti
Texas instruments, K: IBM PC, PCjr
\m PCjr. AM Amigo, 'General
interest

COMPUTE! Publications jnc,@

One of the ABC Publishing Companies: ^^

ABC Publishing, President, Roberi G. Burton

1330 Avenje ct 'tie Amencas. New York. Nev/ Vork 10019

Address oil Inquiries to:

P.O. Box S<106. Greensboro. NC 27J03

COMPUTEl The Journal for Progressive Computing (USPS: 337250) is puWishcd rnonthlv bv
COMi'UTi:' Publications, Inc., P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. Phone: (919) 275-9809.
Editorial Offices are located at 324 West Wendover Avenue, Greensboro NC 27408. Domestic
Subscriptions: 12 issues, S24, F05T.MA5TER: Send address changes to: COMPUTEl Magazine, P.O.
Box 10955, Des Moii\es. !A 50950. Second class postage paid at Greensboro, NC 2/403 and addi-
tional mailing offices. Entire contents copv-right (6l985 by COMPUTE' Publications, Inc. All ngh
reserved. ISSN D194-357X.

Editor's Notes

In this month's guest editorial, Apple
Applications Editor and Assistant Book
Editor Gregg Keizer takes a poke or Izvo at
Senior Editor Richard Mansfield. Is he left
with a mouse? You decide.

— Robert Lock, Editor In Chief

Mouseketeer. 1. One who wears large,
black ears— usually found in Southern
California, Florida, or Tokyo. 2. One who
uses a small, hand-controlled device (see
mousej to direct a computer's actions.

Last month's Editor's Notes raised
some interesting points concerning the
two methods of "talking" to computers
currently in vogue. Senior Editor Rich-
ard Mansfield argued that entering di-
rect commands through the keyboard —
such as DIR (DIRectory) or CLS (CLear
Screen) — is more desirable than using a
mouse. Mouseketeers, he claimed, may
have the advantage in learning to use
mouse-based software, but in the long
run sacrifice power and flexibility.

Not all of us agree. The mouse and
its system of pull-down menus, dialog
boxes, and pictorial symbols (icons) are
here to stay; not only here to stay, but
pushing keyboard commands out the
window.

Ease of Use. The Macintosh estab-
lished a new standard in making com-
puters easy to use. And it's no accident
that newer machines, like the Atari ST
and Commodore Amiga, are adopting
similar systems. The reasons are ob\ious.

There's no doubt that mouse-driven
operation is easier than typing in com-
mands. From the first time you turn on
the computer, managing an operating
system and using applications software
are far simpler with a mouse and its
environment. Intuitive is a key word
here. Pointing and pressing a single
button, selecting and reading, are intu-
itive. If a child wants something, he or
she points to it. Adults haven't forgot-
ten how to do that.

Probably the best test of ease of use
is how fast you can get moving in a new
program. I recently began using Page-
Maker, a page-layout and design pro-
gram for the Macintosh. It's definitely
an advanced application. Yet, because I
was familiar with mouseketeering, I
was able to produce and print a page in
less than an hour — without more than

a glance at the thin manual. Everything
was intuitive. Rulers and guides were
pulled into place, words typed just
where they belonged, and graphics taken
from files and cropped to the right size.
Contrast that with a more traditional pro-
gram like WordStar, the quintessential
keyboard-based word processor. For
what it does, WordStar is just as sophis-
ticated as PageMaker. Yet there are com-
mands I have to look up when I'm
using WordStar, even though I've writ-
ten thousands of words with it over the
last three years. Few of us can remem-
ber two or three dozen commands for
every program we use.

Know one, know all. If you were
simply dealing with the computer's op-
erating system — the way the machine
handles such tasks as deleting or re-
naming files — mouse and keyboard
might be more comparable. But most of
us don't spend that much time with the
operating system. We use the computer
to run programs for a specific task. A
spreadsheet one time, a word processor
the next. With a mouse-driven com-
puter and well-written software, it's as
easy to learn and use one program as
another. The knowledge base is there.
Knowing how to make a menu choice
in Multiplan means you know how to
do the same in Microsoft Word. You
don't have to spend time learning the
basics over and over.

What it does, not how it does it.
Given these aspects of mouseketeering,
why would anyone want to use key-
board commands? The usual reason is
that you can get inside the computer,
controlling it more directly. Power user
is a term that often crops up.

Yet even the IBM PC is succumb-
ing to mouseketeers. Operating envi-
ronments like Topview, Microsoft
Windows, and GEM, all which use
Macintosh-like control, are having an
impact. One of the bestselHng accesso-
ries for the IBM PC is a mouse. Popular
software like Sidekick uses extensive
menus.

More people are interested in doing
something easily and quickly with the
computer than in trying to remember
how to do something easily and quickly.

This is a key to pulling more peo-
ple into computing. Most people won't
stand for complex directions on a com-

puter any more than they'll tolerate
thick manuals for a microwave or VCR,
We want to do something with our
tools, and we want to do it now, not in
three days. That may be instant gratifi-
cation, but computer manufacturers
must realize it's vita) to their success.
That's why the introduction of the
ST and Amiga, and the continuing sales
of the Macintosh, show so much prom-
ise for computing. Computer intimida-
tion will be long forgotten once the A>
prompt becomes history. Mouseketeer-
ing is no Mickey Mouse concept — it's
the preferred gateway to a computer.

Next month, by popular demand,
COMPUTE! is kicking off the new year
with an exciting new service: the
COMFUTEf DISK. Now you can get all
the programs for your computer
without hours of typing. Each quar-
terly disk will contain every pro-
gram published for your machine in
the current and two previous issues,
ready to load and run. The first disk,
for the Commodore 64/128, has all
the programs in the January 1986
issue — including the professional-
quality spreadsheet, SpeedCalc —
and all the programs from the
November and December 1985 is-
sues. As a special bonus, the January
1986 disk also includes SpeedScript
3.2, an updated version of COM^
PUTEi's popular word processor. The
Apple COMPUTE! DISK debuts in Feb-
ruary 1986, followed by the Atari
COMPUTE! DISK in March and the IBM
COMPUTE! DISK in April. The Apple
and Atari disks also will feature
SpeedCalc and SpeedScript.

Each COMPUTE! DISK costs only
$12.95 plus $1 shipping and han-
dling. Or you can order a year's sub-
scription for $39.95 (a $12 savings).
Call TOLL FREE 1-800-334-0868 (in
NC call 1-919-275-9809) 8:30
a.m. -4:30 p.m. eastern standard
time. To order by mail, send check or
money order to COMPUTE! Publica-
tions, Inc., P.O. Box 5058, Greensboro,
NC 27403 USA. Readers outside the
U.S. and Canada add $2 shipping
and handling. All orders must be
prepaid in U,S, funds.

6 COMPUTEI December IV85

The floppy disk
with the flop proof guarantee.

We put it down in writing. So
every time you insert a JVC
Floppy Disk into your disk drive,
you know it will be free of mag-
netic defects, it's guaranteed for
life.

Winy are we so confident?
Because every JVC Floppy Disk
is made with a durable, excep-
tionally smooth magnetic emul-
sion that significantly reduces
friction and abrasion. Less fric-
tion results in fewer dropouts,
and substantially extends the fife
of the floppy disk. In fact, every
JVC Floppy Disk is designed to

Magnetic Tape sns!

operate error free for up to ten
million passes.

Even our
,- _ dustiackets

156 i

are made from

>

^

^ JVC ^ JVt! /

'FLOPPYDIEK 5-1H-MINI.FU0PPYDISK 3-1/2-MICRO FUOPPY DISK
FO-2D256 MD-ZD MF-JDO

polyvinyl non-woven fabric that
keeps out dust, moisture and
contaminants that can cause
floppy disk error. How do we do
it? Simple. We've been making
the best video and audio mag-'
netic tapes for years. And
practice makes for a perfect
floppy disk.

THE GOAL IS PERFECTION.

P?7^

JVC COMPANY OF /JU£RiCA.UagnH)cTap6C>viuon. 41 StaterDfive,EUT>Maa1P4ri<,. N Ji 07407 JVCCANAOAIhCScartxyoj^. Out

Publisher jomes Caselta

Founder/Editor in Chlel Robert C, Lock
DIreclor ol Admlnlstrodon Alice S. Vitolfe

Senior Edllor

Managing Editor

Editor

Assistant Editor

Production Director

Production Editor

Editor. COtyPUTEI's GAZEnE

Technical Edllor

Assistant Technical Editors

Program Editor

Features Editor

Asslslonl Edllor. COMPUTEI's

GAZEHE
Assistant Features Editor
Prograrnmtng Supervisor
Editorial P/ogrammars
Submissions Reviewer
Programming Assistant
Copy Editors
Executive Assistant
Admlnlslralive Asslslonts

Auociale Editors

Contributing Edllor

Richard Mansfield

Kathleen Martinei<

Tom R. Hailhill

Pfillip Nelson

Tony Roberts

Goil Cowper

Lance Elko

Ottts R Cowper

John Krause. George Milter

Charles Brannon

Selbv Boteman

Toda Helmarck

Kothy Yakot

Patrick Porrish

Tim Victor. Kevin Fy^ykytyn

Mark TuttlB

Dovid Florance

Joan Rouleau. Ann Dovies

DeOi Nosh

Julia Fleming, Iris Brooks, Jan

Kretlow

Jim Butlerfield

Toronto. Canodo

Harvey Herman

Greensboro. NC

Fred D'lQnooo

Roanoke. VA

Dovid Thomburg

Los Altos. CA

aii Willtinson

COMPUTEI's Bool< Division

Edllor
Assistant Editor
Director. Bool< Sales 6i

tviarkefing
Assistant

Stephen Levy
Gregg Keizer

Steve Voyatzis
Carol Dickerson

Production tilanager
Art & Design DIreclor
Assistant Editor, Art &

Design
Mechanical Art Supervisor
Artists
Typesefling
Illustrator

Irma Swam
Janice R. Fary

Lee Noel

E)e Potter

Debbie Bray, Dobney Ketrow

Terry Cosh, Carole Dunton

Harry Bloir

DIreclor of Advertising

Sales
Pfoduotlon Coordinator
Administrative Assistant

Ken Woodard
Pattl Stokes
Kathleen Hanlon

Promollon Assistant

Caroline Dark

Customer Service Manager Philippa King

Deoler Soles Supervisor Gail Jones

Assistants Liz Krusenst(emo. Rhonda

Savage
Individual Order Supervisor Judy Tayior

Asslstonts

Receptionist
Woiehouse Manager
Slotl

Betty Atkins. Goyle Benbow,

Mary Hunt, jonna Nash, Chns

Potty

Anita Armfiefd.

Lonnie Arden

Harold Ayers. Larry O'Connor.

David Hensley

Dota Processing Manager Leon Stokes

Assistants Cnris Coin. Steve Bowmen

Vice President. Finance &

Planning
Dlrectoj, Finance i.

Planning
flnonclQl Analyst
Staff

Paul J. tvtegliolo

R. Steven Vetter
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Credit Ivlanoger
Stan

Barry L Beck

Sybil Agee. Anne Ferguson

Pat Fuller. Doris Holt, imda

Miller. Mory Woddell Jane

Wiggs

Robert G. Burton, President

Paul J. Megllolo, Vice President, Finonce and Planning

ITIT

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Coming In Future Issues

SpeedCalc:

Professional Spreadsheet
With SpeedScr/pf Integrator
For Commodore 64/128,
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Making Music With MIDI
Pius A MIDI Buyer's Guide

Solitaire

For Commodore 64/128,
Plus/4, 16, Atari, Apple,
IBM PC/PCjr, Tl

Disassembler 64

Apple Keyboard Customlzer

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IBM Advanced
Function Key Techniques

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For Commodore 64, 1 28,

VK;-20, PIU8/4, 16

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rights resident in sold authors. By submitting articles to COMPUTEl, authors acknowledoe that sucli materials, upon
acceptance for publication, become the exclusive property of COMPUTEl Publicotlons, Inc. No portion of this maga-
zine may be reproduced in any form without written permlsslcn from the publisher. Entire contents copyright © 1 985.
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oddressed, stomped envelope Progroms (on tape or disk) must accompany each submission Printed listings ore op-
tional. Out helptui. Articles sriould be furnished as typed copy (upper- and lowercose. please) with double spacing
Each page of your orlic'e sfxjuld bear the title of the article, date and name ol the outhor. COMPUTEl assumes no
liobility lor errors In articles or advertisements. Opinions expressed by authors are not necessarily those ol COMPUTEl

PET. C9M, VlC-20 and Commodore 6d ore tfodemorks of CommoOOre ATARI is a lioaerrark o! Atari, he

Busness Machtnes. inc and/or Commodafe Electronics Limitec T1-W/4A js a trodemork of Texas inslruirients. Inc

ADple is a trademorX ol Apple Computer ComDQny Rod^o Stmck Color CDrr.Du'or s a troaemari ol
IBfJ PC and PCjr ore traaemQfks ol international Business rvlochines. inc Toridy. Inc

This Is the most
Interesting football
game I have seen.
Howard Boldebuck

Lombard, IL
Police

Thank you for the
great game, with
printer options.
Daniel H. Antolec

Monona, Wl
Police

SUPBR BOWL SUNDAY

Is a very enjoyable

game.

Charles M. Bolton

Jacksonville, Arkansas
US Air Force

Excellent game. Best

sports simulation I've

seen.

Richard G. Miller

Duluth, Georgia
Engineer

The game Is
unbelievablel A + +/
Matt Ritchie

Cisco, TX
Student

Great game, very

realistic.

James Antonaccio

Somers, New York
Architect

SUPERBOWL SUNDAY
Is the "BEST" football
game I ever played.
Michael Cwlrl<o

Monroe, NY
Student

Good games — would

like good baseball

gamel

Scott Peterson

Vernon Hills, IL
Sales Manager

"Nice Animation!"
Kevin McGIII

Spring, Texas
Student

Excellent gamel Can
you expand it (more
plays, more teams?)
James Helronlmus

Enon, Ohio
Doctor

SUPERBOWL SUNDAY
is a great game.
Rick Bray

Eugene, Oregon
Clerk

Very good game.
Mike Trimarco

Franklin Park, IL

This program Is
fantastic!!
Chris Calkins

Seffner, FL
Computer Technician

Excellent quality
Michael Zoyrko

Neah Bay, WA
USAF

~OK.

$10^00
REWAHD

if you can prove that any of the

testimonials shown here are not true

or have been altered in any way!

Finally a good
graphics, statistical
football program.
Would like more
printer options.
John Sievlla
Waukesha, Wl
Photo Engraver

This game is fun to

get Into!

Taylor Thompson

Arlington, Texas
Student

The best game you've
come up with yet.
R. Michael Lesher

Whitehall, PA
Engineer

Make a diskette for
"SUPER BOWL SUNDAY"
that allows me to
create teams.
Rick Dakesian
Lincoln Park, Ml

wm

Available NOW on diskette for the Commodore- 64/128
and IBM^ PC, PCjr. Coming soon for Apple- family... $35.00
season disks (where you can re-create an entire season)
available separately.

Available at: Toys "R" Us/Llonel Kiddie City/Caldor/
Games and Gadgets /Software City Stores/K-Mart
stores /Sears Stores /Montgomery ward Stores/
warehouse one stores/Target Stores and Better
GAME/COMPUTER STORES everywhere.

Ijlll micpocomputen games division
" The Avalon Hill Game Company

4517 HARFORD ROAD, BALTIMORE, MD. 21214

For Ordering information

Call TOLL FREE: 1-800-638-9292

Great gamel
Chuck Shea

Las Vegas, NV

More disks! —
Coaches disk to
create teams; great
teams from past — not
Super Bowl; college
teams.
^Greg Addy
Elgin, IL
Credit Approver

Very realistic, would
like other sports.
N. SIderatos

Brooklyn, New York
Student

A great game.
Derek Aietio

Warminster, PA
Student

One of the very best
'sports games!
Jeffrey D. Malley

Philadelphia, PA
Insurance

I was wondering If you
sell 1985 teams, & If
you update the disk.
Rick Rosenthal

Peabody, MA
Student

Very Impressive game.
Good concept and
Implementation.
Patrick K, Morlarty

Richmond, VA
Programmer

Very realistic
simulation with
excellent graphics.
Jay Hertel

Sterling, Illinois
Student

These type of games

are great to play with

your kids (sharpens the

mind).

Rod Phillips

Craig, CO

Jeweler

Your game Is great,
just keep on coming
out with more.
Joe Yovino

Cincinnati, Ohio
Student

Readers Feedback

The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE!

// you have any questions, comments, or
suggestions you would like to see ad-
dressed in this column, write to "Readers'
Feedback." compute!, P.O. Box 5406,
Greensboro, NC 27403. Due to the volume
of mail zve receive, we regret that we
cannot provide personal answers to tech-
nical questions.

I

Uploading Files

I work in a publications department of a
large company that uses IBM PC-
compatible computers. I also have a
Commodore 64 at home. Is there any
way to convert my Commodore word
processing files so they can be read by
an IBM PC? I have seen programs that
convert Apple files to IBM, but not for
Commodore. Is it that it cannot be
done, or just that no one has done so
yet?

Merton Backlund

With the right setup, you can transfer a
file bettveen any two computers. We do it
almost every day here at compute! — text
files received from outside authors on
floppy disk or over the phone lines are
uploaded directly into our editorial /type-
setting computer system.

In general, the easiest ivay to transfer
files between 7wrmally incompatible com-
puters is to link them together over the
phone lines with modems. That means
each computer must be equipped with its
ozon modem and temunal software (a pro-
gram that makes the telecommunications
link possible). In addition to exchanging
word processing files this way, you can
also transfer programs— although they'll
need to be translated by a programmer
before they'll run on the other computer,
of course.

If both computers are in the same
room, or nearby, sometimes you can avoid
the expense of equipping each computer
with a modem by using a null modem
cable. This is a special cable which links
the computers together by connecting to
their interface ports (usually the RS-232
serial port). If this is done properly, each
computer thinks it is talking to the other
via modem, even though no modems are
involved. However, null modem cables to
fit every possible situation aren't easy to
come by. Usually they must be custom-
made by a technician familiar with both
computers.

In your particular case, modems are
the solution, since you want to transfer
files over a distance (home to office). If the
computer at work icill be unattended
when you plan to transfer your files, you'll
have to equip it loith an autoanswer mo-
dem that can answer the phone and re-
ceive information automatically. Make
sure the terminal programs you get allow
uploading and doivnloading (the capabili-
ty to send and receive files) and are other-
wise compatible with the modems.

Before sending a word processing
file, delete all special formatting com-
mands from the document, such as those
which trigger different printing styles,
headers, footers, page numbers, centering,
and so on. The other computer's word
processor zvon't understand these format-
ting commands, and the control codes
might interfere with the telecommunica-
tions link. The file you're preparing for
transfer should be pure text.

One complication in your case is that
Commodore and IBM computers use dif-
ferent codes to represent characters, al-
though the codes for both are derivatives
of ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange). Though IBM
ASCII is nearly identical to standard
ASCII, Commodore ASCII is quite differ-
ent. A good terminal program can convert
Commodore ASCII to standard ASCII
characters as it sends the file. So if your
word processor stores characters as Com-
modore ASCII codes, you may able to send
the files in their present form. However,
many popular word processors for the 64
(including C0MPUTE!'s SpeedScript) store
characters as screen codes, which are dif-
ferent from ASCII codes. Before sending
such a file you must convert each screen
code to its ASCII equivalent. Though it's
too lotig to include here, a file converter
program was published as part of the
article "SpeedScript 3.0: All Machine
Language Word Processor for Commodore
64" in COMPUTE!, March 1985. This pro-
gram converts text files from Commodore
screen codes to Connnodore ASCII or
standard ASCII, and Commodore ASCII
files to screen codes.

Your particular situation may re-
quire a little additional conversion. On
Commodore computers, the code CHR$(13)
performs both a carriage return (moving
the cursor back to the left margin} and a
line feed (moving the cursor down one

line). In IBM ASCII, these are separate
functions: CHR$(10) performs a line feed
and CHRS(13) does a carriage return.
Here's a short IBM program that adds the
line feeds:

10 ON ERROR GOTO 60 'Add CHR*

(10) to each CHRt(13) in t

e::t file
20 INPUT "Filenanie";NS: INPUT

"Conversion f i lename" ; H*
30 OPEN NS FOR INPUT AS #1:DP

EN M* FOR OUTPUT AS »2:WHI

LE EDF(1)=0
40 C$=INPUT»C1,#11 jPRINT #2,C

*;:IF C*=CHR*(13) THEN PR I

NT #2,CHR»(10);
Sa WEND
60 CLOSE 1: CLOSE 2: ON ERROR G

OTD 0

Apple Mousetext

1 own an Apple lie and have heard it
has 32 special "Mousetext" characters
built into ROM. How can I access these
characters? Can I use them in my
BASIC programs?

Murray Hanstead

Apple's Mousetext characters are de-
signed especially for mouse-driven
(Macintosh-style) software, but they can
be used any time you need additional
characters. Available on the enhanced lie
as well as the lie, they include line seg-
ments, arrows, open and closed apples,
cursors, and }nore. The Mousetext charac-
ter set works in 40 or 80 columns and is
easy to use from BASIC.

Apple II computers' with Mousetext
also contain enhanced video firmware, a
collection of screen routines in ROM
(Read Only Memory) used in place of the
original monitor routines. One advantage
of the enhanced firmware is that it makes
Mousetext much easier to use. When en-
hanced video IS activated, the cursor is an
inverse box instead of the normal flashing
box. To turn on the firmware on the Apple
lie, press the ESC key, followed by the 4
key for 40 columns or the 8 key for 30
columns. On the extended He, type PR#3
and press RETURN (this also works on the
He). PR^3 puts you in 80-column mode;
use ESC-4 and ESC-8 to switch between
40 and 80 columns.

Once the enhanced firmware is on,
PRINT CHRS(27) replaces inverse mode
uppercase characters with Mousetext.

10 COMPUTEI December 1VB5

'i»makes fuming ideas
into text a delight.

**i€.xi;ssf

ma

Th^fi-^ ^ '»yLe»ningway%lna

The first word processor to help you write better, make the most of
your natural creativity and express your ideas effective^ and ^

— Classroom

Computer Learning

'Head and shoulders above Bank

Street Writer. " —Learning Lab

'It's an exciting new word proces-
sor with great power, despite its
ease of use. " —Publishers Weelcly

MasterType's Writer offers new
features and ease of use tinat set it
apart from every other comparably-
priced word processor. Each and
every feature has one overriding
purpose: to help you express your
ideas clearly and persuasively.

Whether you just bought your
computer or are a veteran at the
keyboard, with MasterType's Writer,
you'll be able to write faster, more
easily and more effectively than
ever before.

And MasterType's Writer's
advanced printing capabilities will
help you get the most out of your
Epson printer or whatever popular
printer you have. And that means
you'll be more productive at home —
you'll have a jump on the competi-
tion, at work or in school.

MasterType's'' Writer is the first word
processing program tliat actually helps you
write better — to be more productive at home,
succeed at school, get ahead at work.

Available for Apple II Family, Commodore 64/1 28. Atari 800XU130XE coming soon.

HvsterType's Writer** f ««turfts

include:

-on-drsk tutorial,
-dual windous For outlining^
'-color marking For ftdl+ing
and organlzingi
rnultrplE tuptFaces,
:'^e4sy access to help screens,
:-Frcc back-up disk and
-much more!

TfiA C#virli#iiMf f#fli CifriAfM
I f 1^ ^%ua ■#!#! WWII ^7«ji&iii« .

©1985, Scarborough Systems, Inc., 55 South Broadway, Tarrytown, N.Y. 10591 ^^ 914-332-4545 M I

Now the INVERSE command tuitw Mouse-
text on ami the NORMAL command turns
it off. Uppercase characters printed in
inverse mode appear as Moiisetext, but
inverse lowercase characters are still
available. PRINT CHR$(24) restores the
normal inverse uppercase characters
without affecting Mousetext alreadi/ on
the screen. By using the INVERSE and
NORMAL commands and PRlNTing
CHR$(27) and CHR$(24l it's possible to
mix Mousetext, inverse uppercase, and
normal uppercase on the screen at once.
To see all the Mousetext characters, type
in and run the following one-line
program:

10 PRINT CHR*(4) ; "PRIt3":PRINT

CHR«(27):F0R 1=64 TO 95:

INVERSE: PRINT CHR* ( I ) ; : NOR

MAL :PRINT" "jiNEXT iPRINT

: FOR 1=64 TD V5: PRINT C

HR«(I) ; :NEXT

Atari Custom Characters

I know how to use CALL CHAR on the
TI-99/4A computer to create custom
characters, but how is this done on the
Atari?

Marc Breaux

Atari BASIC lacks a command such as
CALL CHAR to redefine characters in a
single step, so you have to build a routine
with PEEKs andPOKEs instead. There are
four steps involved, as demonstrated bit
the following program, which changes the
exclamation point into an alien shape.

First, line 10 loioers the top of memo-
ry to reserve a protected area for the new
character set. This example lowers the top
of memory by 2,048 (8*256) bytes, enough
room for a full character set. You must
declare a graphics mode after doing this to
make the computer relocate screen memo-
ry just belozo the protected area. Next, line
20 copies the part of the original character
set you'll need from ROM (Read Only
Memory) into the protected memory. The
ROM characters start at location '57344.
Line 30 then POKEs the data for the new
characters into memory. Finally, line 40
tells the computer where to find the neie
character set by POKEing the high byte of
the new character set's address into loca-
tion 756.

Numerous articles describing these
techniques in more detail have appeared
in past issues of compute! and are re-
printed in such books as COMPUTEI's
First Book of Atari Graphics and Second
Book of Atari Graphics.

10 A = PEEK U06) -8: POKE 106
,A:GRAPHICS 0:CHBAS-35
6»A:REM PROTECT 1024 B
YTES OF liFMDRY

20 FOR fl=0 TO 2047: POKE C
HBAS-»fl, PEEK i57344 + AJ : N
EXT A;REM COPY NORMAL
CHARACTER SET TO RAM

30 FOR A=CHBAS+8 TO CHBAS
+15:READ BiPDKE fi,B:NE
XT A:REM PUT NEW CHARA
CTER DEFINITION AT EXC
LAMATION POINT

40 POKE 756,A:REM CHANGE
CHARACTER POINTER

50 DATA 60,126,90,126,60,
36,66, i29

40 IBM Function Keys

I have an IBM PC and have written
many BASIC programs. To increase
speed and minimize typing errors, I
usually reassign all 10 function keys.
But sometimes 10 keys is not enough. I
have seen programs like Symphony that
allow as many as 20 function keys. Is
there any way 1 can use the ALT key to
assign additional function keys?

Ralph D'Angelo

As you've learned, IBM BASIC supports
only 10 soft key assignments. Function
keys 1-10 are called soft keys and can be
reassigned with a statement like KEY 1,
"CLSiFlLES" + CHRS(13) in direct mode
or in a program. The KEYO and ON KEYQ
GOSITB statements make it possible to
trap as many as six additional keys (see
"Readers' Feedback," September 1985),
but that method can't provide a full extra
set of function keys. However, you can get
four sets of function keys — 40 keys in
ail— by checking for extended scan
codes. When you press a single key, it
generates a single scan code (a number in
the range 0-255). Extended (two-number)
scan codes are generated when you press
ALT, CTRL, or SHIFT with another key
This program illustrates one keyboard
scanning method that ivorks on both the
PC and PCjr; it detects Fl, ALT-Fl,
CTRL-Fl, and SHIFT-Fl, displaying the
scan codes for whatever keys you press.

0 FOR J=l TO 10:KEY J,"":NEXT

J

1 DEF FNF1(X)=(X»=CHR«(0)+CHR
«(59>):DEF FNALTFl ( X ) = ( Xt=C
Hfi:S(0)+CHRsn04) )

2 DEF FNCTRFl (X)=(XS=CHRt(0)+
CHR4(74) ) :DEF FNSHFF 1 ( X ) = f X
t=CHR* (0)+CHRi(B4) )

3 X«=INKEYS:ON (FNF 1 ( A ) «- 1 ) + (
FNALTFJ (A) »-2> GOSUB 6,7

4 ON (FNCTRFl (A) *-I ) + (FNSHFFl
(fl)*-2) GOSUB a, 9

5 FDR J=l TO LEN<Xt) iPRINT A5
C(MID«(XS, J, 1)1 :NEXT J : GOTO

3

6 PRINT "Pressed Fl": RETURN

7 PRINT ■■Pressed Al t-F 1 '■ : RETU
RN

a PRINT "Pressed Ct r 1 -F 1 ■■ : RET

URN

9 PRINT "Pressed Shift-F1":RE

TURN

Lines 1-2 define user functions for
the key combinations xve want to detect.
The INKEYS statement in line 3 returns
the scan codes in X$, and the ON-GOSUB
statements in lines 3-4 transfer control to

appropriate subroutines. Detecting addi-
tional key combinations is simply a matter
of adding more user functions and appro-
priate subroutines. Page G-7 of the IBM
BASIC Manual and pages C-6-C-7 of the
PCjr BASIC Manual list all the cxtetuied
scan codes: note that certain key combina-
tions don't generate extended codes.

Arabian Atari?

I own an Atari 800 and have been
trying to change the movement of the
cursor so that I can type from right to
left instead of left to right. I have looked
at a large number of books without
finding anv answer. Is this possible in
Atari BASIC?

Nour Abdullah Al-Rasheed

P.O. Box 2532

Hofuf, Al-Hassa 31982

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Every microcomputer that we've seen ex-
pects characters to be arranged in the left-
to-right order common to Western
languages. However, the arrangement of
text is simply a convention, and soi.ne
languages use different conventions. Ara-
bic, Hebrew, and Japanese are read from
right to left, Chinese is read from top to
bottom, and so an.

A true solution to your problem in
Atari BASIC is yiext to impossible. To
really make it work, you'd have to rewrite
(in machine language) every part of BASIC
and the operating system (05) that manip-
ulates text. Since BASIC and the OS are
large, complex machine language pro-
grams, this project could take an expert
programmer loeeks or months. Then, to
make the change permanent, you'd need
to burn the modified BASIC and OS— as
welt as a new character set — onto PROM
(Programmable Read Only Metnory) or
EPROM (Erasable PROM) chips and re-
place the machine's original chips. It's not
impossible, but it involves far more labor
than most people would be willing to
expend. Also, there would probably be
compatibility problems with commercial
software.

If you don't mind a little inconven-
ience, there is a crude solution. Move your
monitor to one side and turn it sideways,
then mount a large mirror at an angle
lohere the monitor used to be. Watch the
mirror instead of the monitor, and each
line appears to be typed from right to left.
Once that's done, you need to design a set
of backward characters that will appear
correct when viewed in the mirror. We
have reprinted your address in case any of
our foreign readers have a better solution.

Making ML Loaders

Please give me a Commodore program
that turns a machine language program
into BASIC iines like the listings for

12 COMPUTE! December 1985

The computer age
begins at four.

TINKITONK!* Sofhvare.

The computer classroom for

ages 4 and up.

Mindscape'sTINKITONK!
series provides the kind of
stimulation for young minds
tiiat makes learning child's
play,

Step-by-step you'll
watch the smiles and chart
new growth,

Take Tonk In The Land of
Buddy- Bots and Tink's Sub-
traction Fairio see what we
mean. Each has 5 separate
learning games with 3 levels
in addition to a fascinating
adventure, Lively graphics,

animated action, music and
sound effects keep kids
involved, attentive, and
amused.

Watch TENKITONK!
teach math, logic, pattern

recognition, and

pre-reading skills.

TINK. TONK, and
theirfriendsare lively
tutors. Their adventures lead
kids to new levels of knowl-
edge and understanding in
math, reading basics, map
reading, logic, and critical
thinking. Each program
focuses on different skills
and activities.

An attention span
that lasts for years.

TheTINKITONK!
series grows with
yourchild. These
open-ended programs

Mindscape

Software that ctiallenges the Amind

let children progress at their
own pace.

So open a new world of
learning foryour child,
Cultivate basic skills. And
begin their computer age
with plenty of fun.

Just think what that can
mean for the future.

Available ior Apple I

series. IBM PC,

Atari and Commodore

Mindscape. Inc. 3444 Dundee Road,

Northbrook, Illinois 60062

1-800-221-9884. (In Illinois 1-800-942-7315)

e ;995, Mmascape. inc All rights reseri,ecl Tmk'TonK' ctiarac-
rsfsc i9S3TII^KTONK. I nc AH rights reserved TmMTonkl.sa
traderriark of TINK TONK. Inc. Aoule and IBM are registered
trademarks of Appte ComDuter inc. and international
Business Machines. Atan and CoTinwilore are leo^stefed
tfademarKs o^ Atari, inc and Commodore Busines?
Machines
Mindscape PS a iiadeniark t>t Mindscase. \ nc.

Where to find and buy ColorMe:
The Computer Coloring Kit

National

Available at all Child World

and Children's Palace Stores

federated Group

K-Man - Most larger stmes

Montgomery Ward - Most

larger stores

Sears - Most larger stores

Alabama

Ttie Computer Shnppe
Huntsville

Arkansas

The Compoler Shoppe
Little Rock

Calihrnia

Access to Software

San Francisco

Alamo Computer Center

Cupertino

Alamo Electronic

Components

San Jose

Boot's Camera Eteclronics

Fresno

Candy Computer

Elk Grove

ComputeriTiart

Diamond Bar

Crown Book & Software

Los Angeles, Santa Monica.

Manna Del Rey, Studio City.

Santa Ana. Redondo Beach.

Hollywood. Glenoale, Culver

City. South Pasadena.

Thousand Oaks, Torrance.

Huntington Beach. Downey

Sherman Oaks. Encino. El

Toro. Long Beach. Palos

Verdes. Northbndge.

Pasadena, Westminster.

Woodland Hills, Ventura.

Lakewood

Egghead Software

Los Angeles, Huntington

Beach

Futurvision

Napa

H.T Electronic, Inc

Sunnyvale

Home Computing Centers

San Bruno, San Leandro

Learning Tree Computer

Santa Ana

Software First

San Rafael and Santa Rosa

Software Galena

Orange

Software House

Fresno

Software Solulion

Chico

Software Station

Costa Mesa

Software Supermarket

Lawndale, Los Angeles.

Sherman Oaks

Software World

Redding

Colorado

Kazoo 4 Company
Denver

Connecticut
Caldor

West Norwalk, Old Saybrook.
Enfield. Milford. W Hartford,
Vernon. Rirerside, NoPivalk,
Brooklield, Tiumbull.
Mansfield, Norwich. Hamden.
Waterbury. f^anchester,
Stamford. Wallingldrd Avon
Rocky Hill, Ridgefield,
Torrington. Stanford, Brislol,
Meddletown, Fairfield, Groton.
I^ew Britain, Derby, Southington

Conneclicut (cont)

Crazy Eddie

Norwalk

Personal Computer Center

Norwich

Software City

Stamford, Orange

Software Kingdom

E Hartford. £, Windsor

Video Connection

Bridgeport

District Dt Coluirbla
Crown Book & Software
(3 locations)

Florida

Games 'K Gadgets

Clearwater. Jacksonville,

Tallahassee. Orange Park

Mamcat

Miami

Program Store

Cleanwater Pmellas Park

Georgia

Electronics Boutique
Atlanta — Lenox Square.
Cumbedand Mall
Games 'N Gadgets
Atlanta - North Lake f^alL
Penmeter Mall

Hawaii

Software Library
Honolulu

Illinois

ABC Diskefte

Chicago

Appral Computers

Arlington Heights

Complete Compuhng

Lombard

ComputerLand

Niles

Computerworld

Chicago

Crown Book & Software

Orland Park. Niles. Wheaton.

Evanston. Oaklawn, Oak Park.

Chicago, Skokie, Deerdeld,

Downers Grove. Highland

Park, Naperville, Hoffman

Estates. Arlington Heights.

Calumet City

Oisk-fJTech

Orland Park

f.D. Softvtare & C.A.DS.

Roselle

Software and Beyond

Schaumburg

Software City

Arlington Heights

Software Plus West

Hanover Park

Susie Software

Mount Prospect

Indiana

Burkal Computer Center
South Bend
Microcomputer. Inc
Indianapolis

Itenluciiy

Software Source

Louisville

The Computet Shoppe

Louisville [2 locations)

Videovtsions

Louisville

Marylattd

Buried Treasure

Rockville

Caldor

Timonium. Baltimore.

Severna Park, Ellicon City

Maryland |con1)
Computer Kids
Rockville

Crown Book & Soltwre
Wheaton, Columbia, Laurel,
Kensington. Silver Springs,
Bowie. Bethesda, Greenbell
Gaithersburg. Annapolis,
Rockville

Electronics Boutique
Baltimore

Games 'N Gadgets
Columbia. Baltimore, (While
Harsh Mall, Security
Square Mall, Eastern Ave I
Software 'N Things
College Park

Massachusetts

Atlantic Computers
Waltham

Barnes & Noble Bookstore

Boston

Caldor

Chelmsford. Worcester

Weslborough, Swansea.

Pembroke. WestfielO, Auburn.

fJlalden, Norwell, Brockton.

Canton. Brighton, Taunton.

Salem, Chicopee, Stoneham,

Springfield. Frammgham.

Northampton, Weymouth.

Saugus. Methuen. Burlington

Computer Concepts

Hanover

Electronics Boutique

Holyoke

Software City

West Springfield

The Wha

WesttJOfo

Michigan
Micro-VJorld
Livonia and Mil lord

Missouri

Software To Go

St Louis and Clayton

Nevada
Century 23
Las Vegas

New Hampshire

Caldor

Bedford

Portsmouth Computer Center

Portsmouth

New Jersey

Bamberger's

Memo Park, cherry Hill.

Paramus. Livingston.

Wayne

Caldor

Eatontown. S, Piainlield.

West Orange. Toms River.

Watchung. Paramus, Morris

Plain, Woodbridge, Brick

Town, U. Brunswick, W

Palerson

Crazy Eddie

Paramus, E Brunswick.

Union, Totawa, Woodbndge

Electronics Boutigue

Voohrhees. Rockaway

Woodbndge

Family Computer Centres

South Orange

Games 'N Gadgets
Livingston. Burlington
Wayne

Vi/olsten's Inc
East Orange

Neiw Meilco
Academy Computer
Albuquerque

New York

45th Electro

New York

47th St Photo. InC-

New York (3 locations)

Advanced Camera

Mew York

Annex Outlet

New York

Barnes & Noble Bookstore

New York (2 locations)

Big L Electronics

W. Hempstead. W

Babylon. Syosset, New

Hyde Park. Patchogue

Binary Orchard Inc

Hamburg, West Seneca

Broadway Computers

New York

Byte Shop

Mernck

Caldor

Lake Ronkonk, East

Patchogue, Wappingers Falls,

Riverhead, Rocky f'oint.

Sndgehampton, Vails Gate,

Glens Falls, Kingston,

Middletown. Latham,

Mahopac. Sedford Hills,

Albany, Yorktown Heigtits.

Peekskill. Pelham Manor,

Schenectady, Nanuel. White

Plains. Yonkers, NewPurgh

Port Chester Poughkeepsie.

W, Babylon, Levittown,

Coram. Cliltnn Park

Computer Discount of

America

Hunhngton

Compute rware

East Meadow

Computerworid

Bayshore

Crajy Eddie

Nesconset, Mass. New

York, Syosset, Elmhuist,

Brooklyn, Carle Place,

Hartsdale, Bronx. Nanuel

East 33rd Typewriter

New York

Electronic Man

New Yoik

Electronics Boutique

Albany

focus Electronic

Brooklyn (2 locaiions)

Four Guys

New York

Games 'N Gadgets

Garden City, Huntinglnn

Station. Nanuet

Glossy Photo

New York

Great Amencan Sottware

Flushing

Intercontinental

Flushing

J4R Computer Outlet

New York

J8S Electronic

New York

Lloyd's

New York

Lloyd Corner

New York

London Luggage

New York

Micro Electronics

Valley Stream

f^ontgomery Grant

New York

Park Avenue Video

New York

Photo Sound
New York

Programs Plus
Brentwood

New York (cont)
Quartz Electronics
filew York
Quo Vadis
Ridgewood
Show S Tell Video
Bayshore
Software City
Brooklyn. Flushing
Staten Island Software
Staten Island
Wall Street Camera
New York
Willoughby's
New York

World Trade
Bayside

North Carolina

Games N Gadgets
Raleigh

North Dakota

Software House
Fargo

Ohio

Big Bytes Computers

Poland

Computer Center

f/enlor

Computer Corner

Lorain

Computers Plus of Ohio

fiAanslield

Disk Drive

Toledo

Dunn Computer Center

Lynhuist

Electronic Conne'iiion

Kettering

Games 'N Gadgets

N Randall

Local Computer Store

Chesterland

Microwave Magic

Fairfield

North Coast Programming

Willoughby and Solon

Software and More

Cincinnati

Swallens

Cincinnati

Video H 0

Cleveland

Oklahoma

Computer Software Center
Oklahoma City

Oregon

Link Three, Inc.
Beavertnn
Software Galeria
Beaverton

Pennsylvania

Baraberger's

Whitehall. King of Prussia

Computer Renaissance

Monroeville

De Re Computers

Harrisburg

Electronics Boutique

Langhorne, King of Prussia.

Whitehall Exion

Games N Gadgets

Lancaster. West Mifflin,

King of Prussia. Media,

Pfiiladelphia

Riiode Island

Caldor

Woonsocket. Warwick,

Lincoln

Future Images

Woonsocket

South Carolina

Horijon Commodore Super

Store

Greenville (2 locations)

Tennessee

Games N Gadgets

Memphis

Software Store

Memphis

The Computer Shoppe

Nashville, Knoxville,

Memphis, Chattanooga.

Madison

Texas

Babbages

Dallas. Houston, Piano,

Mesquite, Fort Worth,

Irving, Hurst

Compurite

Houston (2 locations)

Computer Experience

San Antonio

The Computer Store

San Angelo

Data Pro Computer Center

Wichita Falls

EduTron

Fori Worth

Floppy Wizard
Houston

Software & Things
Austin

Software Store
San Antonio
Videoland
Ail locations

Utah

Sottware Center
Salt Lake City

Virginia

Crown Book 8 Software
Alexandria, Woodbndge,
Reslon. Springfield, Vienna,
Manassas, Mclean, Falls
Church, Fairtax

Games N Gadgets
Hampton, Virginia Beach
Program Store
Falls Church

Wasttington
Nibbles & Bites
Tacoma

Wisconsin

Computer Software Center
Milwaukee

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J

your "MLX" machine language entry
utility, I want something that looks like
this:

49152:169,091,133,170,169,200,092

Darwin Clay

We frequently get letters from readers who
tvant to generate MLX-style listings for
their own machine language (ML) pro-
grams. However, while it's occasionall}/
useful to convert an ML program into
BASIC, there is no practical reason to list
it in MLX format. An MLX listing is not a
program— the only thing you can do with
it is create a machine language program
by rmming MLX and typing in the listing.
Since you already have the ML program,
that would be a fruitless exercise. What
you seem to need is a BASIC loader: a
BASIC routine that creates a machine
language program by reading values from
DATA statements and POKEing them into
the correct memory locations. BASIC
loaders can be added as subroutines to
other BASIC programs.

Here are two short programs that
construct loaders, using the dynamic key-
board technique to write the necessary
DATA statements. The first program cre-
ates a loader from an ML program tliat's
already in memory. Enter the starting and
ending addresses of the ML program, fol-
lowed by the beginning line number for
the DATA statements (don't use lines
1-8). When the blinking cursor reappears,
your BASIC loader is in memory, ready to
be saved. The last line of the loader
READS the DATA statements and POKEs
the correct values into memory. Be sure to
save this program before running it:
Lines 1-8 erase themselves after the
loader is complete.

Since this method uses string opera-
tions, it disrupts the contents of the high-
est memory addresses used by BASIC (just
under location 40960 on the 64). That may
cause problems if you're trying to make a
loader for an ML program that resides in
the same area. The solution is to tower the
top of BASIC pointer: To protect a 2K area
at the top of BASIC, type the statement
POKE 56,PEEK(56)-8:CLR and press
RETURN.

1 INPUT"START ADDRESS" ; AD: INPU
T"EHD ADDRESS";E:INPUT"FIRST

LINE NUMBER" ;L:SA=ADirem 98

2 PRINT" {CLR1"L"DATA"; :rem 123

3 PRINTMID5{SrRS{PEEK(AD) ) .2);
!NUM=NUM+1 :AD=AD+1 : IFAD>ETHE
N7 :rem 216

4 IFNUM<16THENPRINT", " ; :G0T03

:rem 99

5 PRINT" {H0MEH2 D0WN]L="L"
{LEFT1+1:AD="AD" (LEFT) :E="E"
(LEFT) :SA="SA"(LEFT) :G0T02"

:rem 182

6 P0KE198, 5:POKE631, 19:POKE632
, 1.3: POKE633, 13:END : rem 59

7 PRINT"lHOMEJ [2 DOWN } "L+l " FOR
J= " SA " TO " AD-J. " 1 LEFT 1 : READQ ; P

OKEJ,Q:NEXT" : F0RJ=1T0S : PRINT
J:NEXT :rem 100

8 POKE63i, 19:P0KE198, L2:FQRJ=0
TO10:POKE632+J,13:NEXT:END

:rem 160

In some cases you may not knoiv the
ending address of the ML program, or it
may be inconvenient to have the ML in
memory while you're making a loader.
With only slight modifications, this pro-
gram can make a loader for an ML pro-
gram stored on disk. First, in line 7 replace
the statement rORJ=lT08 with FORJ=
0TO8. Then replace lines 1, 3, 5, and 8
with the lines shown here. This routine
works like the first example, but gets the
ML data from disk rather than memory.
Again, remember to save the program
before running it for the first time.

0 INPUT"PILENAME";F$: INPUT "FIR
ST LINE NUHBER";L:0PEN2,a, 2,
"0:"+F5+",P,R" :rem 48

1 GET#2,LO$:GET#2,HI5:SA»ASC(L
0?+CHR5 (0)1 +ASC (HI?+CHRS ( 0 > )
*256:AD=SA i rem 76

3 GET#2,X5:PRINTMID$(STR$(ASC(
X?+CHR?(0))),2),- iNUM=NUM+l:A
D=.AD+1:IFST<>0THEN7 : rem 142

5 PRINT" (home) t 2 D0WN1L="L"
(LEFT}+1:AD="AD"{LEFT) :SA="S
A" [left) :P0KE152, 1:GOT02"

irem 50

8 POKE631,19sPOKE198, 12:FORJ=0
TO10:POKE632+J, 13 :NEXT: OPEtJl
5,8,L5:CL0SE1.5:END ;rem 126

The Absent Printer Dilemma

I am trying to write a commercially
salable Commodore program in BASIC
and wish to make it as crashproof as
possible. My problem is this: If the user
selects printer output when the printer
is disconnected or turned off, the pro-
gram stops with a DEVICE NOT PRE-
SENT error. Is there any way to detect
this condition before the program
crashes?

Daniel Henderson

This IS a tough problem — so tough that
many commercial programs don't even
attempt a solution. In BASIC, as you've
learned, a CMD or PR1NT# command to
the printer simply halts program execu-
tion with an error message if the device is
absent (either turned off or disconnected).
The following routine luorks with Com-
modore printers which do not require an
external interface. Non-Commodore
printers are another matter, as we'll ex-
plain in a moment.

10 DATA32, 253, 174,32, 25, 226,32
,192,2 5 5,162,4, 32,201,255,1
65, 144 srem 67

20 DATA41, 128, 133,252,16, 5,169

, 4, 32, 195, 255, 32, 204, 255, 96

srem 42

30 SA=828:FORJ=SATOSA+30:READQ
:POKEJ,Q:NEXT : rem 39

40 SYS SA,4,4,7:IFPEEK(252)=0T
HEN80 :rem 246

50 PRINT" TURN PRINTER ON, PRES
S ANY KEY" :rem 202

60 GETA5: IFA$=""THEN60:rem 239
70 GOTO40 :rera 4

80 PRINT#4, "THIS ROUTINE WORKS
":CL0SE4 : rem 148

Lines 1 0-30 place a short ML routine
in locations 828-858 (the cassette buffer).
You can relocate the ML by changing the
value of SA in line 30: Replace 828 with
the address xvhere you want the routine to
start. The SYS statement in line 40 takes
the place of the BASIC statement OPEN
4,4,7 {don't forget the comma after SA).
When using this routine, the first two
numbers after the SYS must always be 4.
The third number sets the secondary ad-
dress and may be changed as needed: SYS
SA,4,4,6 does the equivalent of OPEN
4,4,6 in BASIC, and so on. Run the pro-
gram lohen your printer is on; the printer
should print THIS ROUTINE WORKS. If
the printer is not ready, the program
prints a warning message and lets you
remedy the situation. Location 252 holds a
zero when the printer is active, and 128
when it is not.

Unfortunately, this method is limited
to Commodore printers. Non-Commodore
printers require an external interface be-
tween the computer and printer, and most
such interfaces draw power whether or
not the printer is turned on. Since the
interface is always powered up, it re-
sponds with an "I am here" signal which
convinces the computer that a printer is
present — even when the printer is turned
off

Apple, IBM ML Addresses

Can you tell me how to find the begin-
ning and ending addresses of a ma-
chine language program for the Apple
He?

Bill Link

Ever since we told Commodore and Atari
readers how to do this, owners of other
machines have been asking for equivalent
routines. Here are two routines for the
Apple II (DOS 3.3 and ProDOSj; ive've
thrown in an IBM PC/PCjr routine for
good measure. The Apple 11 DOS 3.3 rou-
tine is listed first.

10 INPUT "FILENAME: " ; N$

20 P* = CHR* (4>: POKE 42954,

0
30 PRINT P*;"DPEN " ; Nt
40 T = PEEK (46530): IF T < >
132 AND T < > 4 THEN PR IN

T "ERROR: "N*" IS NOT A BI

NARY FILE": GOTO 90
50 PRINT P«;"REflD " ; NS
60 GET AS,Bt,Ct,D*: PRINT P*
70 PRINT "rtODRESS: "; ASC (A*

) + 256 » ASC (B*)
80 PRINT "LENGTH: "; ASC (C«)

+ 256 » ASC <D«)
90 PRINT : PRINT P»; "CLOSE ";

NC
100 POKE 42954,127

COMPUTEI December 1985

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Here is an equivaletit routine for
Apple I! machines running ProDOS:

10 D* = CHRS (4); INPUT "FILE

NflME: ";N*
20 IF LEN !N«) < 15 THEN N$ =

N» + " ": GOTO 15
30 PRINT DS; "PREFIX"
40 INPUT PN$
50 PRINT D$;"DPEN " ; PNt; " , TDI

R"
60 PRINT D*;"READ " ; PN«
70 INPUT Ft: IF MID* (F«,2,15

J < > N» THEN 70
B0 PRINT D«; "CLOSE " ; PN*
90 IF MID* {F*,1B,3) < > "BIN
" THEN PRINT "ERROR: "N«"
IS NOT ft BINARY FILE": END
100 D = 0:Ht = MID* (F*,76,4)
! FOR I = 1 TO 4:H = flSC
( MID* (F«,75 + I, IM :D -=
D « 16 + H - 48 - 7 « tH
> 57) : NEXT
110 PRINT "ADDRESS: ";D
120 PRINT "LENBTH: "; MID* (F
«,67,5!

While the ProDOS CATALOG com-
mand provides the same information as
the second example, this program also
demonstrates how to open and read a disk
file from B,4SJC, something that's not im-
mediately apparent to man\f users. The
final example finds starting and ending
addresses on the IBM PC/PCjr:

10 INPUT "File name"; A*

20 OPEN A* FOR INPUT AS «1

30 IF INPUT* (1,1) >:> CHR*(253

) THEN PRINT "Error: "A«"i

s not a binary file":GOTO

70
40 PRINT:GQSUB "jasPRINT "Star

ting segment: ";S
50 GDSUB 90:PRINT "Starting a

ddress: ";S
60 GDSUB 90:PRINT "File 1 engt

h: ";S
70 CLOSE 1
80 END
90 S=ASC(INPUT*(l, i> >+256»ASC

(INPUT»(1, 1) ): RETURN

Borrowing ML From BASIC

How does a command like SYS
49152,1000,A$(1) work? I know the
SYS command calls the routine, but
how do you make SYS use the number
and the string variable after 49152?

Tim Pickett

It's usually done by calling the same rou-
tines in ROM (Read Only Memory) that
BASIC uses to accept information. Of
course, this must be done from within the
ML program called by SYS. Here's a short
program for the Commodore 64 that shows
one way to handle the statement you men-
tioned. You'll need a machine language
assembler to type it in (the comments after
the semicolons are optional):

JSR SAEFD ; Check for comma,

JSR SADSA ; Gel numeric expression.

LDA #S4E ; (Put your

JSR $FFD2 ; code here.)

JSR SAEFD ; Check second comma.

JSR $AD9E ; Get any expression.
BIT SOD ; Check string/numeric
BPL ERROR; flag in SOD.
LDA #$53 ; (Put your
JSR SFFD2 ; code here.l
RTS
ERROR LDX #$16 ; Output TYPE

JMP SA437 ; MISMATCH ERROR.

// you assemble this program at
49352, it accepts the statement SYS
49152,1000,A5(1), printing an N ivhen it
confirms that the first value is numeric
and S when it determines that the second
value is a string. (Of course, a ivorking
program would do something more useful
than print N and S.) As long as you
separate the expressions with commas,
you can replace the number with any
numeric expression (such as a numeric
variable) and substitute any string expres-
sion for A$(2). For instance, SYS
49152,X,"HELLO" is also acceptable.

One advantage of using existing rou-
tines is that normal error-handling is pre-
served. This example detects missing or
misplaced parameters as loell as type mis-
match errors (putting a string value where
a number is expected or vice versa). The
ROM routine at $AD8A looks for a nu-
meric expression: If it finds a string in-
stead, it automatically prints an error
message and returns control to BASIC.
MD9E IS BASIC'S all-purpose evaluation
routine: It accepts any expression and sets
the flag in location SOD to show whether
it's a string ($OD=$FF) or a number
($0D=0). BASIC'S general error-handler
(SA437) prints a BASIC error message de-
termined by what value the X register
holds when it is called.

Naturally, it's your job to do some-
thing useful with the information once it
has been passed. The computer's ROM
contains a host of other routines that can
simplify that task as well. You may find
detailed discussions of the ROM routines
in the 64 and VIC-20 in Tool Kit: BASIC
and Tool Kit: Kernal, both available from
COMPUTE! Books. Commented listings
for the 64's ROM can be found in Anato-
my of the Commodore 64, available
from Abacus Software. ®

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THE WORKS!'"' gives you 13 use-
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Teacher, Family Finances, Calen-
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;OMPUTE!'s Guide to

TI-99/4A

Sound

and

Graphics

COMPUTEI's

(>H"

VOLUME ONE

' ■■■sitOB-rwr 1'^•¥•f otrwB
ncai#3 tjvrx^^i BUtit. cnl iruch nw

COMPUTE!*

Beginner's Guide to

Assembly
Language

on the

TI-99/4A

AiMrM L Loeno

FOR THE

TI-99I4A

jpOMPUTEi's G^ide to
11-99/4ASound|and{

Graphlcijll 11 Ml!
Raymond J. Hbrold ' ' ' '
Using dozens of examples
and clear, nontechnical
explanations, COMPUTE! 's
,Gulde to Tl Sound and
'Graphics introduces you to
the tremendous sound and
graphics capabilities of your
Tl home computer. This
book Includes exciting ar-
cade-style games,
challenging educational
programs, a versatile sprite
editor, and many more use-
ful, ready-to-type-in pro-
igrams. Whether you're a
beginning Tl user or an
experienced programmer,
this is a book you'll refer to |
again and again.

$12.95 ' ! j i

iSBN 0-942386-46-9

eOMPUTEI's tl Colfee
tioh, Volume Ono ,

An anthology of COM\
■ PUTES's best games,
opplicattons, utilities, and
tutorials for the TI-99/4A. this
book includes more than 30
programs, most never
before published.
"SuperFont" Is an excep-
tionally powerful and easy-
to-use character editor.
Other utilities, such as
"Sprite Editor" and "Sound
Shaper," moke graphics
and sound programming
simple. Games like "Worm
of Bemer" will provide hours
of fun, and applications like
"Mailing List" let you use
your Tl to orgonize your
home.

ISBN 0-942386-71 -X i

GOMPUTEI's Begln-
nor'sOufdoto
I Assembly Language
on ftie TI-99/4A

Peter M. L. Lottrup

A clearly written, step-by-j j |
step tutorial on machine
languoge (ML) progrom-
ming for the TI-99/4A. Using
the Line-by-Line Assembler,
the bosic concepts of ma-
chine language program-
ming are fully explained
and liiuslfoted. Mony prac-
tical, easy-to-follow ML
examples are included,
from elementary keyboard,
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routines to sophisticated re-
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tiigh-resoiution bitmap
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$il^.95i I . ' • M 1 : ' : : M

ISBN 0-94238(^74-4 ! 1 i i I

i 33 Programs for tIM

'TI-9^/4A, j j I j I if
Brian Flynn I j M I I j i
Contains somettilng for
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Planner"), business ("In- . i
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1 99 pages, split wire bound
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Order today!
This offer expires

January ,15,

1 1 1 il

YesI I want to save money while enjoying COMPUTEI Books.

GOMPUTEI's Guide to TI-99/4A Sound and Graphics $12.95

GOMPUTEI's Tl Collection, Volume One Si 2.95

GOMPUTEI's Beginner's Guide to Assembly Language on

theTI-99/4ASl4.95

33 Programs for the T1-99/4A $1 2.95

All orders must be prepaid.

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I
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from

COMPUTE! Books

for Owners and Users of Commodore Computers

Buy any two of these books and receive a
Buy all three books and get a _

;_ . You pay $22.00 and save $3.90!
You pay only $29,00, a savings of $9.85!

An excellent resource
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with something for
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programming tech-
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COMPUTEI'i

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Continues in the
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In presenting some of
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PUTE! Publications, many
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BASIC and machine lan-
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sound and graphics, and utilities for saving,
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A collection of outstanding games, applications, tutorials, and utilities from the most
recent issues of COMPUTE! magazine and COMPUTEI's Gazette, including several
programs never before published. Commodore 64 users of all ages and experience will
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play educational and arcade-quality games, compose music, move sprites easily and
quickly, ond see how to program more efficiently ond effectively. $ 1 2.95

Buy Now — This Offer Expires January 15, 1986.

Yes!

want to save money while I enjoy COMPUTE! Books.

COMPUTEI's First Book of Commodore 64, $12.95

COMPUTEI's Second Book of Commodore 64, Si 2.95

COMPUTEI's Third Book of Commodore 64, $12.95

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Please allow 4-A weeks for dellvefy.

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7SD11B1 T

<^:^

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9::'

-iOMPUTEl December 1965

The Digital Diet

Staying In Shape With Your Computer

Selby Batemon, Features Editor

How would you like to

have your own diet and

exercise coach, someone

to encourage you to lose

those extra pounds, to

help schedule your

personal fitness

program, and to set up

a sensible eating plan?

A growing number of

software companies are

taking advantage of the

computer's interactive

nature to provide these

coaches-on-a-disk.

The winter months and holi-
day season are at hand, the
time of year when many of
us tend to add pounds that we've
struggled to sweat off during the
summer. We're all familiar with the
drawbacks of being overweight and
out of condition, but starting anoth-
er diet or an exercise routine often
seems to demand too much self-
discipline. Calorie counting can be
a numeric nightmare. And setting
up a training schedule means read-
ing more books and articles before
getting started.

What if someone else took care
of tallying up the calories, suggest-
ed alternate diets, planned a per-
sonalized workout routine, and
even offered encouragement during
occasional slips? You could sit
down once a day, answer a few
questions, and record your pro-
gress. Your coach would handle all
the tedious calculations, offering
you a rich variety of diet options
and training schedules. Wouldn't
that be easier?

"I wouldn't want to use the
word easy. I wouldn't want to tell
anybody that losing weight is easy.
It isn't. That's why people need

strong tools," says Dr. Leighton
Read, designer of The Original Bos-
ton Computer Diet, a weight loss
and diet counseling program avail-
able for the Commodore 64, Apple
II series, and IBM PC/PCjr
computers.

Read, an instructor of medicine
at Harvard Medical School and a
practicing internist, is involved
with decision support technologies,
computer-assisted research on
medical decision-making. His med-
ical and computer interests con-
vinced him that a good interactive
computer-based diet program could
be far more helpful than the hun-
dreds of diet books on the market.
He was also concerned about the
health consequences of the many
fad diets promoted today.

"The computer can do the
computations and the bookkeep-
ing, and that's a big help," he says.
"It can do the individualization
which a diet book can't, and that's a
huge help. But the real power of this
new medium, for the developer, is
to capture people's imagination to
keep them coming back — because
losing weight and keeping it off is a
long-term issue."

December 1985 COMPUTEI ?

^.■\,.

Some Historic Breakthroughs
DoNT Take As Much Explaining

As CompuServe.

But then, some historic
breakthroughs could only
take you from the cave to
the tar pits and back again.

CompuServe, on the other hand,
makes a considerably more civilized
contribution to your life.

It turns that marvel of the 20th
century the personal computer, into
something useful.

Unlike most personal
computer products you
read atout, CompuServe
is an infomiation service.
It isn't software, it isn't
hardware. And you don't even have
to know a thing about programming
to use it. You subscribe to CompuServe
— and 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
it puts a universe of information,
entertainment and communications
right at your fingertips.

A few of the hundreds
of things you can do with
CompuServe.

COMMUNICATE

EasyPlex'" Electronic Mail lets even
beginners compose, edit, send and
file messages the first time they get
online, it puts friends, relatives and

business associates — anywhere in
the country — in constant, conven-
ient touch.

CB Simulator features

72 channels for "talking"

with thousands of other

enthusiastic subscribers

throughout the country

and Canada. The chatter

is frequently hilarious, the "handles"

unforgettable, and the friendships

hard and fast.

More than 100 Forums welcome
your participation in "discussions"
on all sorts of topics. There are
Forums for computer owners,
gourmet cooks, veterinarians, pilots,
golfers, musicians, you name it! Also,
Electronic Conferencing lets busi-
nesses put heads together without
anyone having to leave the shop.

Bulletin Boards let you "post"
messages where thousands will see
them. You can use our National
Bulletin Board or the specialized
Bulletin Boards found in just about
every Forum.

HAVE FUN

Our full range of games includes
"You Guessed It!", the first online
TV-style game show you play for real
prizes; and IVlegaWars III, offering the

ultimate in interactive excitement.
And there are board, parlor, sports
and educational games to play alone
or against other subscribers
throughout the country
Movie Reviews keep that big
night at the movies from being a
five star mistake.

SHOP

THE ELECTRONIC IVfALL" gives
you convenient, 24-hour-a-day
7-day-a-week shopping for name
brand goods and services at discount
prices from nationally known stores
and businesses.

SAVE ON TRIPS

Travelshoppers"

lets you scan flight
availabilities (on
virtually any
airline — world-
wide), find airfare
bargains and order
tickets right on your computer

Worldwide Exchange sets you up
with the perfect yacht, condo, villa,
or whatever it takes to make your next
vacation a vacation.

A to Z Travel/News Service

provides the latest travel news plus
complete information on over 20,000
hotels worldwide.

MAKE PHI BETA KAPPA

Grolier's Academic American
Encyclopedia's Electronic Edition

delivers a complete set of encyclope-
dias right to your living

j room just in time for

\ today's homework. It's

j continuously updated . . .

! and doesn't take an incfi

j of extra shelf space.
The College Board, operated by the

' College Entrance Examination

; Board, gives tips on preparing for the
SAT, choosing a college and getting
financial aid.

KEEP HEALTHY

Healthnet will never replace a real,
live doctor — but it is an excellent and
readily available source of health and
medical information for the public.
Human Sexuality gives the civiliza-
tion that put a man on the moon an
intelligent alternative to the daily
"Advice to the Lovelorn" columns.
Hundreds turn to it for real answers.

BE INFORMED

' All the latest news is at your

fingertips. Sources include the AP
news wire (covering all 50 states plus
national news), the
Washington Post,
USA TODAY Update,
specialized business
and trade publica-
tions and more. You
can find out instantly what Congress
did yesterday; who finally won the
game; and what's happening back in
Oskaloosa with the touch of a button.
And our electronic clipping service
lets you tell us what to watch for We'll
electronically find, clip and file news
for you. . .to read whenever you'd like.

INVEST WISELY

Comprehensive investment help

just might tell you more about the
stock you're looking at
than the company's
Chairman of the Board
knows. (Don't know who
he is? Chances are, we
can fill you in on that,
too.) CompuServe gives you com-
plete statistics on over 10,000 NYSE,
AMEX and OTC securities. Historic
trading statistics on over 50,000

stocks, bonds, funds, issues and
options. Five years of daily com-
modity quotes. Standard & Poor's.
Value Line. And more than a dozen
other investment tools.
I Site II facilitates business
decisions by providing you
with demographic and sales
potential information by state,
county and zip code for the
entire country
National and Canadian business
wires provide continuously updated
news and press releases on hundreds
of companies worldwide.

GET SPECIALIZED
INFORMATION

Pilots get personalized flight plans,
weather briefings, weather and radar
maps, newsletters, etc.
Entrepreneurs use CompuServe
too for complete step-by-step guide-
lines on how to incorporate the IBMs
of tomorrow.

Lawyers, doctors, engineers, mil-
itary veterans and businessmen
of all types use similar specialized
CompuServe resources pertinent to
their unique needs.

And now for the
pleasant surprise.

Although CompuServe makes the
most of any computer, it's a remark-
able value. With CompuServe, you
get low start-up costs, low usage
charges and local phone-call access
in most major metropolitan areas.

Here's exactly how
to use CompuServe.

First, relax.

There are no advanced computer
skills required.

In fact, if you know
how to buy breakfast,
you already have the
know-how you'll need
to access any subject

in our system. That's because it's
"menu-driven," so beginners can
simply read the menus (lists of
options) that appear on their
screens and then type in their
selections.
Experts can skip the menus and
just type in "GO" followed by the
abbreviation for wtiatever topic
they're after.

In case you ever get lost or con-
fused, just type in "H" for help, and
we'll immediately cut in with instruc-
tions that should save the day

Besides, you can either ask ques-
tions online through our Feedback
service or phone our Customer
Service Department.

How to subscribe.

To access CompuServe, you'll
need a CompuServe Subscription
Kit, a computer, a modem to connect
your computer to your phone, and
in some cases, easy-to-use com-
munications software. (Check the
information that
comes with your
modem.)

With your Sub-
scription Kit, you'll
receive:

■ a $25 usage credit.

■ a complete hardcover Users Guide.

■ your ovm exclusive user ID
number and preliminary password.

■ a subscription to CompuServe's
monthly magazine. Online Today.

Call 800-848-8199 (in Ohio,
614-457-0802) to order your Sub-
scription Kit or to receive more
information. Or mail this coupon.

Kits are also available in computer
stores, electronic equipment outlets
and household catalogs. You can also
subscribe with materials you'll find
packed right in with many com-
puters and modems sold today

I I Please send me additional inforaiation. '

□ Please send me a CompuServe Subscription Kit
CD I am enclosing my check for S39.95. plus $2.50
handling. (Add sales lax ifdeiiverBd in Ohio.)

Please make check payable to CompuServe
Information Services, Inc.

n Charge this to my VISA/MasterCard

#-

MAIL TO:

CompuServe'

Customer Service OnJering Dept.
P.O. Box L-477
I Columbus, Ohio 43260

PRI-S1Z

u

An H&R Block Connpafiy

EasyPtex and ELECTRONtC MALL ne trademarks d CompuServe,

IncoiTOfaiiad Traveishoppcf is a service mart q\ TVtA,

Dr. Leighton Read, developer of The
Original Boston Computer Diet.

To accomplish all that. Read
developed The Origitml Boston Cofn-
puter Diet with dietician Cris Car-
lin, psychiatrist Issac Greenberg,
and obesity specialist Dr. George
Blackburn. Together they used the
latest information on dietetics, be-
havior modification, and obesity
research.

In addition to food reporting,
meal planning, and other diet-
ing techniques in The Original
Boston Computer Diet, there are also
the counselors— George, Amy, and
Shirley. Each has a different per-
sonality. You choose the counselor
you want, and the character guides
you through each session, offering
suggestions, warnings, encourage-
ment, and even disapproval.

George, for instance, reacts in a
matter-of-fact, straightforward way.
He can even be a bit stern when
you don't follow your plan. Shirley
is breezy and freewheeling, and
Amy is the sweet counselor who'll
help you, but never hurt your feel-
ings. Each counselor follows the
same medical and dietary guide-
lines, but they give different kinds
of psychological responses.

"You need to have a long-term
compact with a weight-control pro-
gram," says Read. "If it's dry and
uninteresting and strictly a calcula-
tor, people aren't likely to have
enough exposure to it. So you cap-
26 COMPUTE] December 1985

ture their imagination just a little
bit, get them engaged, stimulate
their curiosity, and give them a
sense that there's a reason to come
back to the computer."

The 97-page manual includes
readings on exercise, junk food, diet
drugs, snacking, eating habits, set-
ting goals, and other related topics.
A second booklet contains detailed
instructions on food reporting and
meal planning. A database in the
program, containing a large list of
foods normally eaten by Ameri-
cans, has room for you to add up to
300 additional foods as well. De-
signed for people who want to lose
10 to 40 pounds, the program also
tracks and graphs the dieter's pro-
gress. Only one person can use the
program at a time, but a second set
of disks is available for $10.

Based on the success of The
Original Boston Computer Diet,
Read feels that he and other devel-
opers will be creating many more
computer packages for self-
improvement, including programs
for exercising, managing stress, and
quitting smoking.

The Original Boston Computer
Diet is by no means the
only program of its kind on
the market. There are dozens of
other packages available for the
more than 80 million Americans
who are overweight. They range
from nutrition education programs
for children to sophisticated track-
ers for adults on restricted diets.

One of the most popular diet
books of the last decade. The Com-
plete Scarsdale Medical Diet, has
been adapted for the IBM PC and
Apple II series. It uses the same
Gourmet, International, Vegetari-
an, Money-Saver, and Basic diets
found in the book. A meal-planning
calendar helps people schedule
their eating patterns. After users
choose their menus, the program
automatically compiles a shopping
list for one or more people. As with
the Boston Diet, the food directory is
expandable. And the Scarsdale
package also analyzes the caloric
and nutritional values of the
menus, offers guidance on balanc-
ing meals, and shows comparisons
among different foods.

# 41 ^ # «ft

.4 good day on The Boston Computer Diet and this screen
figure climbs to the top of the hill.

EPYX

A'

# If

ftH I

■*nKf^i.V'i^''^KKc^M

You've joined an elite
Rescue Squadron, flying to
the hostile planet Fractalus
to confront the ruthless
enemy Jaggies head on.
The mission is a treach-
erous one for, as everyone
knows, the cyanitric acid atmosphere on Fractalus is
fetal and Jaggi saucers are cunning. You're needed to
rescue Ethercorps pilots shot down and stranded on
that brutal planet, and to help lead our forces to victory
... for the merciless Jaggi onslaught must be stopped
to preserve the future of our galaxy.

Rescue on Fractalus! is a rescue and space action
game with realistic 3-D flight simulation. You pilot your
Valkyrie Fighter through the canyons and around the
mountain peate of the planet Fractalus to rescue fellow

UcadlTm Games. Rejtui: >m FratLiJiis^, and dt elements n^tJit- jUrae !antas>^ T."^ & E 1&B5 Uiciifilm Ltd.

pilots, do battle with enemy saucers and destroy enemy
gun emplacements.

We supply the Long Range Scanner, Dirac Mirror
Shield and Anti-Matter Bubble Torpedoes ... YOU
supply the skill and guts! Tlike the challenge: The perils
of Fractalus await you.

CM/138 AMRl APPLI

Rescue tm Fractalus!

1043 Kiel Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

Sti^egy Games for the Action-Game Player

(LFLl. All Rights RcKrwd. Epyx. Int. Auihortad Uice ®:

■ftadeniJikurfKpyx, ]n£.

/

FOOD: TUNA

CANNED IN OIL. DRAINED SOLDS
3 1/2 ozs 197.0 cols

k- .

30 MIN. MEDIUM EXERCISE

Exercise

Badminton

Basebcdl

Squash

Tennis, i^nateur

Volleyball

Press <JE to exit

Cote Used

180-220
160-200
180-240
180-220
180-220

A screen from the Scarsdale Medical Diet showing how
much exercise it would take to work off a specific amount
of food.

# # Jb A «l

"This highly successful diet
can be custom-tailored to an indi-
vidual's lifestyle and fitness goals,"
says Kenzi Sugihara, director of
Bantam Electronic Publishing,
which sells The Complete Scarsdale
Medical Diet. "It's an interactive
diet management system that's like
having one's own personal diet
counselor." Bantam Books also
published the paperback version of
the book, which is included with
the computer program.

Among the attractions of these
programs is the custom-tailoring
which Sugihara mentions. For ex-
ample, both programs ask for your
current weight, height, frame size,
and sex to determine your ideal
weight. The Original Boston Com-
puter Diet goes even further, asking
such questions as how much you
eat, what kinds of foods you eat,
how fast you eat, and so on, build-
ing a profile of your habits. And
both programs have help screens or

information windows to guide nov-
ice users.

A number of programs are
available to teach children the fun-
damentals of nutrition. The ap-
proaches are as varied as the
number of packages. For instance,
Nutrition Express — designed for
youngsters nine years or older —
uses a game format. Available for
the Apple II series, the program
guides players through the imagi-
nary land of FodaFoda. The Fodars
ask questions about food and teach
about the basic food groups.

Published by the Center for
Science in the Public Interest, Nu-
trition Express teaches children to
think about nutrition as they make
everyday decisions about food.
Consider this sample question:
"Beer and soda ads use slim and
healthy actors. Do you think the
actors got that way by drinking beer
or soda pop?"

Another nutrition program for
children is Snackmonster: A Nib-
bler's Dilemma, also for the Apple II
series. Commodore 64, and IBM
PC/PCjr computers. This educa-

tional game tempts youngsters with
snacks. If they choose the ones with
the lowest calorie count, they win.

The Minnesota Educational
Computing Consortium (MECC)
offers Food Facts for the Commo-
dore 64 and Apple II series. Food
Facts lists the refined sugar content
of 64 breakfast cereals, the ingredi-
ents in common foods, the time it
takes to bum off calories in fast
foods, and the percentage of the
federal government's recommend-
ed daily allowances for eight nutri-
ents in 64 common foods.

Taking yet another approach,
Wholebody Health Management
publishes Calorie Calculation —
Stress, a package for adults that de-
termines the number of calories you
need and also helps uncover
sources of stress in hypothetical sit-
uations. Available for the Commo-
dore 64 and Apple II series
computers, the two modules —
dealing with calories and stress —
can be purchased together or
separately.

Closely related to computer
diet programs are exercise
and fitness packages. While
still outnumbered by the diet pro-
grams, this software genre shows a
strong potential for growth as the
packages become more sophisticat-
ed and interactive.

Avant-Garde's Be Your Own
Coach, for the Commodore 64, Ap-
ple JI series, -and IBM computers,
helps joggers keep their own logs,
whether it's just a couple of runs a
week or training for a marathon.
Developed by Robert Lee Smith, a
successful marathon runner, triath-
lete, and coach, the program pro-
duces 14 different types of
workouts, tailors each workout to
your abilities, and prompts you to
record mileage, speed, heart rate,
weight, and even your feelings after
each run. The software also graphs
your progress and can forecast pace
and mileage progressions.

MECA's The Running Program,
subtitled "Your Personal Running
Coach," tries a similar angle. It was
developed by noted runner and
writer James Fixx before his death.
The Running Program evaluates
your fitness level, sets personal

28 COMPOTEI December 19B5

WINTER games: ^
UEST FOR THE GOLD CONTINUES.

You've captured the gold in Summer
Games® and Summer Games II™. Now
it's on to the Winter Games\ And what
an incredible setting— a completely
realistic winter wonderland featuring
seven action-packed events.

At the Ski Jump you control your
form in mid-air, knees straight, leaning
forward. Hot Dog Aerials challenges
your courage and your sense of humor.
In Figure Skating you leap into Double
and TViple Lutz jumps— wow the crowd
with a perfect Camel into a Sit Spin.
It's timing and style that counts. Free
Skating lets you choreograph your own
routines. In Speed Skating it's you
against a fellow speed demon— the
fastest human beings on level earth!
And the Bobsled— still faster as you fly
around hairpin turns, leaning hard to
stay in the tube. Finally the Biathlon,
the ultimate challenge to your endur-
ance in cross-country skiing and
marksmanship.

All of this fiin and excitement is
easy to learn and play. You control the

action with the joystick, animating your
player for style and rhythm. You choose
the country you want to represent.
Listen to its national anthem. Then it's
practice, training and learning a win-
ning strategy for each event. Now the
Opening Ceremony and the competi-
tion begins— against your friends or
the computer Will you be the one who
takes the gold at the Awards Ceremony?
Will your name be etched amongst the
World Record holders.'

The quest for the gold continues...
And it's all here— the strategy, the
challenge, the competition, and
pageantry of Winter Games!

tPPLi MM CM/118

WmterCames ^ ,.' ►^

.Vii piire)iiw netiajiry. Strtrpstjkcs
end! [)(C, 31, IMS ufficisl nilo
ivailabk at participatinBdcjlen

1043 Kiel Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

SOstegy Games for the Action-Game Player

training goals, creates day-by-day
training schedules, records and
graphs statistics, and predicts your
probable performance at different
race distances. It is available for
IBM computers.

As with the diet programs, the
interactivity of the computer gives a
more personalized approach to
training and recording your work-
out efforts. Training schedules can
be customized and are easily re-
structured as circumstances change.
Should you injure yourself or find
that you're overtraining, it's a sim-
ple matter to revise the schedules.
In fact, both Be YourOivn Coach and
The Running Program offer guid-
ance when such problems occur.

The popularity of aerobics has
been captured in a workout pro-
gram appropriately called Aerobics.
Published by Spinnaker Software
for the Atari and Commodore 64
computers. Aerobics is an overall
fitness program with a variety of
difficulty levels and a choice of mu-
sical backgrounds. An onscreen in-
structor takes you through all the
exercises to the accompaniment of
music. Different levels and intensi-
ties of aerobic exercises are built
into the program. You can even
choose your own exercises and the
order in which you want to do
them.

Finally, for the busy executive
with an Apple Il-series computer.
Monument Computer Service pub-
lishes Executive Fitness. Suggested
exercises are shown onscreen, and
harried executives can follow along
at their own pace.

As Tomputers grow more pow-
erful and software more sophisti-
'-ated, diet counselors and fitness
coaches on disks will become even
more helpful, knowledgeable, and
interactive. More and more doctors,
coaches, and other health profes-
sionals are discovering that com-
puters can become amazingly
helpful instructors and guides. But
no matter what the goal, says Dr.
Leightop Read most of the effort
has to come from vou. "The critical
issue is the motivation, the plan-
ning, and building it into your life,"
says Read. And even the best com-
puters and programs can go only so
far to help you reach those goals.

30 COMPUTE) December 1985

12;n:53a

Soa ape on das 38 of sm ■msun to incKase mi' taltiSi to 3B
MiIesAeeli.

Voa are sclwJaleJ to ran 2,2 idles todag,
I Mmkr. goa Bage JecifeJ to cat dow Ig 5M caloFies pep isa.

fott tefe selected the «a«ise: Banning-KB.

1 l4 ■ . r' M L B . 11 1 J^'V IT KiFHTMuEV-nt ' . ^H uvm liT

Xflupjace Has 08:48 motttes/wle.

Vsa 'hofiti' aktit 256 ulopies Affinj this exeKise.

!^^ he saved nth tlU leenl:

H - Ui this net! pecord

P - gawe soap pecopded eight (fwsentlg at 139.8)

h - feck up nthOQt addiD? Pi6 - letupB to the Oaptep Krectops

A training log from The Running Program, showing the
day, the distance, the calories expended, and a diet
reminder.

^ # «l # # #

An onscreen instructor guides you through
exercises in Spinnaker's Aerobics.

TEMPLE OF APSH Al TRIIOGY
BIGGER. MEANER. AND RICHERTHAN EVER.

You know Temple of Apshai.

The classic. Best-seller for over
four years.

You may have friends trapped forever
in its dark recesses.

Players have dropped from sight for
weeks at a time, searching for the
treasures of Apshai.

Well now we've raised the stakes.

Introducing the new Apshai THlogy.
The comfimef/ wrath of the world
famous Tfemple of Apshai® Upper
Reaches of Apshai® and Curse of Ra®
All on a single disk. TWelve levels.
568 rooms to explore. More choices.
More chances. Best of all, there's faster
game play.

The graphics and sounds are new. The
challenge of the dungeons is timeless.

Are you ready for the most involving
role-playing game ever designed?

Temple of Apshai is waiting. Silently
lurking. Patiently waiting. For you. At
your nearest Epyx dealer.

tmEII MK JtDUU IIMK CM/llS

Timpkof
Apsftai Tiibss

Epyx

mcompurasofTWAitt

IbvuorArmu

TRILOOY

*S« spaiiUy tiuriced tnxO br (kUiH. No
piiKhAM lucsuf^ SMcepitakes ends
J>KCTtb«r 31. ISaS- Oftdal nJo jvaSriiU
it porticipaiinj rctiilcn. T-ihirti avail jbtc
while upplin lut.

1043 Kiel Court. Sunnyvale, CA 94089

Strategy Games for the ActionGanw Player

J

Products and companies mentioned

in tliis article:

Aerobics

The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet

The Original Boston Computer Diet

Spinnaker Software Co.

Bantam Electronic Publishing

Scarborough Systems, Inc.

1 Kendall Square

Bantam Books, Inc.

55 S, Broadway

Cambridge, MA 02139

666 Fifth Avenue

Tarry town, NY 10591

Atari 400/800, XL, XE

New York, NY 10103

Commodore 64, $49.95

Commodore 64

Apple U series (48K RAM)

Apple 11 series (64K RAM), $79.95

$34.95

IBM PC/ PCjr (128K RAM)

IBM PC/PCjr (128K RAM), $79.95

Be Your Own Coach

$39.95

The Running Program

Avattt-Garde

Executive Fitness

MECA

37-B Commercial Blvd.

Monument Computer Service

285 Riverside Avenue

Novato, CA 94947

Village Data Center

Westport, CT 06880

Commodore 64, $39.95

P.O. Box 603

IBM PC (USK RAM), PCjr (256K RAM),

IBM PC/PCjr mSK RAM). $49.95

Joshua Tree, CA 92252

$79.95

Apple U series mK RAM), $49.95

Apple U series (48K RAM)
$19.95

Snackmonster: A Nibbler's Dilemma

Calorie Calculation — Stress

The Learning Seed Co.

Wholebody Health Management

Food Facts

21250 N. Andover Road

18653 Ventura Blvd.

MECC

Kildeer, IL 60047

Suite 137

3490 Lexington Avenue N.

Apple U series (48K RAM)

Tarzana, CA 91356

St. Paul, MN 55232

IBM PC /PCjr (64K RAM)

Apple n series (48K RAM)

Apple U series (48K RAM)

Commodore 64

Commodore 64

Commodore 64

$49

$19.95 for Stress disk

$45

$16 for Calorie Calculation disk
$25 for both

Nutrition Express

Center for Science in the Public Interest

@

1501 16th St. N.W.

Jl # #

Washington, D.C. 20036

Apple U series (48K RAM)

$39.95

HOTWARE:

Software Best Sellers

s

ysfem

s

This Latt

«

i

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w

o

c

Montfi Month THIe

Publisher

a.

Q.

s

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o

S

D

<

<

O

£

Z

1 . 3. Goto

Spectrum
Holobyte

Submarine simulation

•

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2, 1. F-1S Strike Eagle

MicroProse

Air combat simulation

•

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3, 4. Karateka

Broderbund

Action l<arate game

■

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4. 2. Fllgt^t Simulator II

SubLogic

Aircraft simulation

•

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5. 5 Flight Simulator

Microsoft

Aircraft simulation

•

1. 2. Math Blaster!

Davidson

Introductory moth program,
ages 6-12

•

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2. 1 . Typing Tutor III

Simon & Schuster

Typing instruction pragram

•

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3. 3. New Improved

Scarborough

Typing instruction program

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MasterType

4. 5. Music Construction Set

Electronic Arts

Music composition program

•

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5. Sky Travel

Commodore

Astronomy teaming program

•

1, 1. Print Shop

Braderbund

Do-it-yourself print shop

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2. 2. The Newsroom

Springboard

Do-it-yourself newspaper

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3. Print Shop Graphics

Braderbund

Upgraded graphics library

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Copyrighl f 985 by Bllltxxira Publications, Inc. ComfHlet) tyy the Billboard lleseofch Deporftnenf ond reprinted tv perm/ssJon Data os

Of 9/26

/ss.

32 COMPUTEI December 1985

The Japanese have a word for it.

(EEEE-

HH!!!)

You are the star of a Martial Arts movie so real,
you'll feel it like a kick in the ribs.

KARATEKA, you have learned well
the disciplines of karate. . .but now it
is time to put your skills to the test.
Your village has been ransacked,
your friends and family scattered to
the winds, your bride-to-be, Princess
Mariko, kidnapped and cruelly
imprisoned by the evil warlord
Akuma. If you ever hope to see her
again, Karateka, you know what you
must do.

Scale the mighty cliffs that lead
to Akuma's fortress. There, you
will en-
counter
the first
of many
palace
guards.
Kick!
Thrust!

Parry! At every turn you will face
yet another warrior, each stronger

fast-paced karate action make
"Karateka" a great way to get
your kicks.

than the last.

Finally, Karateka, you will come
face-to-face with Akuma himself.
Here your fate will be decided. Either
eternal happiness or instant death.
THE MAKING OF KARATEKA.

"Karateka"

designer

Jordan

Mechner

is a karate

enthusiast

and a

stickler
for realism. He used film clips of
karate masters as a guide for the
moves used in the game.

The carefully detailed, animated
figures perform all the moves of real
martial arts combat with stunning
realism.

Beautiful scrolling, hi-res back-
grounds, an intricate story line and

Broderbund'

KARATEKA is available for Apple, Commodore 64 and Atari personal computers. Look for it at your favorite Br(lderbund Software dealer. For more information about
Br0derbund products, please write us at 17 Paul Drive, San Rafael, California 94903-2101. Apple, Commodore and Atari are registered trademarks of Apple Computer
Inc., Commodore Electronics, Ltd. and Atari Corporation respectively. C 1985 Br0derbund Software, Inc,

Discover the thrill (W^

with COMPUTE! Books'

40 Great Flight Simulator Adventures

•Maneuver around the towers of the Wtorld Trade Center.
•Sightsee the Hudson River.
•Practice night flying and aerobatics.

40

GREAT

FLIGHT

SIMULATOR

ADVENTURES

4 1. 1,— lllll»netaPublcQlloi

40 Great Flight Simulator Adventures

Charles Gulick

Forty exciting, customized flight simulator
scenarios put you in the pilot's seat as you fly
over bridges, around skyscrapers, and land at
mysterious airports. Flight Simulator (IBM PC)
and Flight Simulator II (Apple 11, Commodore
64, Atari) are two of the most popular
games/simulations for personal computers.
With this book, you can experience flight
adventures from the moment you load the pro-
gram. Parameters set up each flight and a run-
ning commentary describes what you'it see
(and where to look to see it). Ranging from the
simple and straightforward to the advanced and
even mystical, these 40 flights will open a new
dimension to an already outstanding program.
$9.95 ISBM 0-87455-022-X

Please send me

(!SBM No. 0-87455-022-X)

All orders must be prepaid in U.S. funds.

Subtotal

riC residents add 4.5% tax

$2.00 shipping and handling
charge per book.

Total amount enclosed

copies of 40 Great Flight Simulator Adventures at $9.95 each.

To order this exciting adventure guide, mail
the attached coupon with your payment to
COMPUTE! Books, P.O. Box 5058,
Greensboro, INC 27403. Or call toll free
800-334-0868 (in NC 919-275-9809.)

D Payment enclosed (check or money order)

D Charge D Visa O MasterCard D American Express

Name ___ — —

Address .

City.

. State .

.Zip.

Ptone aBnr 4-6 weeks for ddtveiy.

75D0221

COMPUTErPublicationsJnc.®

COfViPUTE! books are available in the U.K., Europe, the Middle
East, and Africa from Holt Saunders, Ltd., 1 St. Anne's Road,
Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 3UM, England.

HOW A WORD PROCESSOR STARTED AN EVOLUTION.

ONE GOOD THING
LEADS to ANOTHER.

p

r^ODUCTIVlTY SOFTWARE
X ISN'T VERY PRODUCTIVE IF
it's so complicated to learn, so compli-
cated to use, that it never is used.

So when we sat down to design
the Bank Street Writer," we kept one
important objective in mind; to com-
bine all the powerful features that
people need in an af fordably-priced
word processor and make it so easy
to use that just about anyone will be
productive in moments.

We must have succeeded. The Bank
Street Writer is the number one word
processing choice of over 300,000
users worldwide.

Now, that same philosophy can be
found in a complete series of produc-
tivity software: the Bank Street Speller,''

s? ,-, .;Ii U u<> ll^ «• St » M U. tit HI «t ■■ Hll Nii (r
:: >;>.-l'i^itviHannt<«)W«|l>Hainlhsti
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in ::tii ^iUf a ftAr Um ) tvwiUr M H mill m ilu^

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r-:M' iri -.r.-M-/. vw «n f tiltly ti Bit 1) llirt mi th H*
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K fe'pi .wli:ftf *H t^ iw tilt nl«. H ^ «**'t «ni *W
!tiq ltd vd ttfjt i

THE BANK STREET WRITER lets you
write letters, ntemos, articles or /engfJiy
reports, better and faster. Continually enhanced
and updated since its introduction three years
ago, the Bank Street Writer is packed with
features usually found only in far more
expensive programs.

THE BANK STREET SPELLER finds and
highlights spelling errors and suggests correct
spellings; proofreads even the longest doc-
uments in seconds. The 31,000 word electronic
dictiortary can be amended with your own
entries, including special terms, trademarks
and proper natrtes.

,g^^

BankStreet

BankStreet

i -^^-^^ 1- iFI

BankStreet ! BankStreet

WRITER

bPELLER ,

^ i=Bnide*iitlWl!im' -^araletandSoftBn' ^^BratattnliflfiuHi ■-"BwletHidMiuart :■

BANK STREET PRODUCTS FKOM BRBDERBUND MAKE IT EASY TO MAKE YOUR COME'UTER WORK HARD.

Bank Street Filer" and Bank Street
Mailer.™ All the features you'll ever
need. None of the complications you
don't need. The perfect comple-
ments to the Bank Street Writer,

^t£UKUKlIi!ld

£SC FOR HEHU

?SSr'^^''?o^MyfjiH?Et.^i'

Find all records uhere the "Special
field IS "CoHHodities" -..

ifiBBiniiiB

S AFTER Last
STARTS HIT address
EHDS HITH Citu
IMCL006S State
IS ELflUK Titie

THE BANK STREET FILER helps you
organize information and print out custom
reports in moments. Collect, explore, organize
and manipulate data in a variety of natural
and flexible ways. For stamp collections or
small business record keeping ... for home
financial and tax data.. . for bibliographies
and reference files ...for just about any kind
of information you want to store and retrieve,
the Bank Street Filer is as simple as using a
file cabinet — only much faster, more conven-
ient and more flexible.

Brodefbund'

Bank Street products from
Br0derbund give you more power
for less money with less hassle. And
when you think of it, that's the best
kind of "productivity."

mw^^ mr^iJ^VM svhp

1 Nt'/eaber !0, 1?S4J
Is+wQDRESS* '♦■

C«ar-.,-;FlRST:-,<J

Tr.e n4Tt scheduled «e«tlh* of eyr
Ir,'-'est««fvt Club is set for DeceMbir
5».h It f lO-p n ii

jUc Scot forward -ts hsiring your

Se5 you ne-t «onth *^

LEITECslliamiMl DATu'Kaimai '3'~<HEL!> I

THE BANK STREET MAILER. Whether
you write occasional letters, produce a month-
ly newsletter or send out mailings to a long
list of clients, the Bank Street Mailer does it
quickly, easily and efficiently. You can insert
names or addresses into a form letter, or send
a personalized mailing to customers sorted by
zip code, street address or any other aspect
of your files. The Mailer can be used by itself
(with its own built-in letter-writer) or with
letters and lists from the Bank Street Writer
and Filer.

Versions of (he BANK STREET WRITER are available for Apple, IBM -PC/PCjr, Commodore 64 and Atari personal computers. The BANK STREET SPELLER, BANK
STREET FILER and BANK STREET MAILER are available for Apple and Commodore 64. For more information about Br0derbund products, please write us at 17 Paul
Drive, San Rafael, California 94903-2101, Apple, IBM PCjr, Commodore and Atari are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., International Business Machines
Corporation, Commodore Electronics, Ltd. and Atari Corporation respectively, 0 1985 Br0derbund Software, Inc.

A Taxing

^:\ '^■■

■"■■ • ■■ • ■, ;Vi-i,;'.:f>''.

j..-tViViiT.,i:-.'j')

Kathy Yakal, !;. >;

Assistant Features "Ejditor

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Americans probably drea'd' no day
more than April 15: income tax dead-
line. For many people, the annual tax
filing ritual is a frustrating exercise in
organizing hundreds of scattered fi-
nancial records. Even if you're due a
refund, it still means hours of poring
over numbers to prove it. tioivever, a
growing number of software publishers
are offering help via tax-preparation
and tax-planning software.

Filing your income taxes
seems so easy when you
only have a part-time job in
high school. You get one form from
your employer, write a few figures
on the short form, mail it in, and get
back a check.

When you first start working
full time, it's stiil pretty simple. The
short form suffices for a few years,
since you haven't yet reached a tax

36 COMPUTE! December 1 985

^'

bracket that claims very much of
your income. But your salary keeps
inching upward, and you start to
see the percentages shift. Less mon-
ey for you, more for the govern-
ment. Unless you buy a house. Or
have children. Or invest in tax shel-
ters like Individual Retirement Ac-
counts (IRAs).

Whatever your situation,
you've probably found tax prepara-
tion more troublesome each year.
But there are options. You can buy
books prepared by experts to help
you legally find as many breaks as
possible and streamline the process
of filling out the forms. Or you can
take all of your shoe boxes and file
folders into a tax service and pay
them a fee to sort through it all.

Home computer software of-
fers another alternative. Help with
tax preparation and planning is
available in three different formats.
Some personal finance programs

contain a section for entering tax

information that can be tallied at
the end of the year. Some have
companion tax programs that are
integrated with the main package.
And a few stand-alone products are
devoted solely to income tax
preparation.

There's no way to completely
avoid some fundamental under-
standing of tax laws. Even if you go
to a tax service, you still have to
know what information your pre-
parer will need. And all through the
year, you'll need to keep track of
pertinent paperwork.

A computer, however, offers
some significant advantages over
traditional tax preparation meth-
ods. For example, with a computer
you can easily ask what if? Let's say
that when you sat down to do your
taxes last March, you found that
you owed $1,000 on top of what
you had been paying in all year.

NOWYOU CAM PUT

YOURGQMPUTERTOV/ORK

IH YOURGARDEN

THE PERFECT PACKAGE

FOR COMPUTER OWNERS WHO ARE

GARDENERS . . . AND FOR GARDENERS

WHO ARE COMPUTER OWNERS!

Introducing Computerized Gardening from
ORTHO - the first and only personalized gar-
dening program available on computer soft-
ware. It works by detailing plant and shrubs
by user zip codes to provide an individualized
gardening and landscaping program. Planting
requirements are listed accord-
ing to shade or sun-loving plants,

blooming or non-blooming plants,

watering needs

and plant color

and others.

You'll find the

software available

for IBM, Apple II
and Commodore
Computers.

Plus, included in

the package is a copy of the new
ORTHO Book Gardening
Techniques —an authoritative
■ -/ "how-to" that shows you in
color and detail page after
page of gardening procedure.

The ORTHO Computerized
Gardening Package is avail-
able at software outlets,
bookstores and lawn and
garden centers where
ORTHO books are sold.

riPLE CRITERIA !

Plant type C

ALLC

BLUE

Height C

LAVE

ORAI\

Colors ■

PINK

minriTimfi 1 ' "

PURR

Just

$4995

For more infonnation write:

ORTHO Information Services

573 Market Street, San Ftaaeisco, CA 94105

Oriho

inforiviatton services

1

MVM

* TAX ESTIMATOR/Schedule P/Farm Income, abridged *

7:15: 16p

Part I - Resale Profits (Losses)
Prom livestock: 323,000.00

From other items resold: 32,450.00
Livestock and Produce Raised and Other Income
Animals: 31,200.00

Plants: $500.00

Other farm income: $220.00

Part II - Parni Deductions

Labor, machines, fuel:

Taxes, shipping, Insurance:

Land/Crop/Animal upkeep:

Depreciation:

Other fstrm expenses:

$1, 120.00
$500.00

$3,000.00
$102,00
$708.00

NET FARM INCOME (LOSS)

$21,940.00

1 F2 - Use Budget value for cursor Item
I F3 - Use Budget value for all items

A, B, C, D, E, G, W - Schedules

F9 - Return to Form 1040

FIO

Press Escape for Help

Leave this chapter

Managing Your Money, designed by financial expert Andrew Tobias, is a very easy-to-use personal finance package. If you enter
pertinent financial information regularly, it can help determine the most adva?iiageous way to file your income tax return.

Tax programs can help you make
sure the additional payment is nec-
essary by suggesting alternatives,
and by re-figuring the taxes as
many ways as are legally possible.

For example, what if you
income-average? If your salary took
a recent dramatic upswing in the
last year but you have no more
deductions to claim than you did a
year ago, you're likely to be send-
ing a sizeable check in with your
return. Plus you'll be charged a
penalty for underpaying during the
year. But if you were to income-
average, you could end up getting
money back.

How about tax-deductible ex-
penses? Did you move in the last
year; have unusually large medical
bills; or buy a new car and a new
house and pay a lot of interest? Tax
software alerts you to any possible
deductions.

These programs can also re-
mind you of income that must be
claimed for tax purposes, such as
capital gains, freelance work, or in-
come tax refunds from the previous
year. Again, if you're familiar with
tax laws, you'll know these things
already. If you're not, you'll learn.
And you will be better equipped for
the next tax year.

38 COMPUTE) December 1985

Income tax software cannot pre-
vent the annual tax preparation
marathon if you haven't kept
good records throughout the year.
Many personal finance software
packages offer ongoing accounting,
making it much simpler to gather
the necessary information when it's
tax time. Managing Your Money, de-
signed by financial expert Andrew
Tobias for the Micro Education
Corporation of America, has that
capability. You can either estimate
your annual income and deduc-
tions, or pull up actual figures from
elsewhere in the program. The pro-
gram suggests different tax strate-
gies to try — like filing singly
instead of jointly — and can figure
and refigure your taxes in seconds.
It also prints out much of the docu-
mentation you'll need to submit to
the IRS.

Your Personal Net Worth, from
Scarborough Systems, and Time-
works' Your Personal Financial
Planner (designed in consultation
with Sylvia Porter) have similar
features. If used regularly to keep
track of income and expenses, a few
keystrokes will sort out necessary
tax information.

Also, some publishers offer
companion programs to their per-

sonal finance software, specific tax
programs that accept information
from the main program to tally taxes.
Arrays, Inc./Continental Software
publishes The Home Accountant for
general financial tracking, along with
The Tax Advantage, for computing
tax liability.

Siviftax, from Timeworks, is a
stand-alone income tax preparation
package. It guides you through the
process and tells you which forms
must be completed. It automatically
checks for tax alternatives, and calcu-
lates the lowest possible tax. It sup-
ports the most commonlv used
schedules— A, B, C, D, W, SE, and
Form 2441 — and plugs this infor-
mation into your Form 1040, 1040A,
or 1040EZ. And when you're fin-
ished, the program can print out
directly onto tax forms, as well as
printing additional necessary infor-
mation such as amortization sched-
ules. Timeworks issues an annual
updated program disk for Szuiflax,
incorporating revised tax law
changes and tables.

How you choose to prepare
your tax returns probably
depends on a number of
things. If you have only one source
of income, no dependents, and own

Earth will be destroyed in 12 minutes
to make way for a hyperspace bypass.

Should you hitchhike into the next galaxy?

Or stay and drink beer?

Slip the disk in your computer and suddenly you are
Arthur Dent, the dubious hero of THE HITCHHIKER'S
GUIDE TO THE GALAXY,! side-splitting masterwork
of interactive fiction by novelist Douglas Adams and
Infocom's Steve Meretzky. And eveiy decision you

makeuillsha'

ye the story's outcome. Suppose for

instance you decide to linger in the pub. You simply
type, in plain

>DRINK THE BEER

And the stoiy responds:

YOU GET DRUNK AND HAUE A TER-
RIFIC TIME FDR TWELME MINUTES*
ARE THE LIFE AND SDUL OF
THE PUBt THEY ALL
CLAP YOU ON
THE BACK

AND
TELL YOU
NHAT A GREAT
CHAP YDU ARE AND
THEN THE EARTH GETS
UNEXPECTEDLY DEMOLISHED, YOU
WAKE UP WITH A HANGDUER WHICH LASTS
FOR ALL ETERNITY. YDU HAUE DIED.
Suppose, on the other hand, you decide to:

>E;' IT Tl-lh '■: i I..L r!'..L :-'i !l I !-li:ii L:L: MClPT!"

In that case you'll be off on the most mind-bogglin;
hilaiious adventui-e any eaithling ever had.

You communicate -and the stoiy responds -in M
sentences. So at eveiy turn, you have litei-ally thousands
of alternatives. If you decide it might be wise, for
instance, to wrap a towel ai'ound youi' head, just say so:

And the stoiy responds:

THE RAMENDUS BUGBLATTER BEAST OF
TRAAL IS COMPLETELY BEWILDERED.
IT IS SO DIM IT THINKS IF YOU CAN'T
ITj IT CAN 'T SEE YOU.

Simply staying alive from one zany situa-
tion to the next wiU requii'e eveiy proton of
puzzle sohing prowess yom' mere mortal
miiid can muster. So put down
that beer and hitchhike
down to yom- local
software store today.
Before they put that
bypass in.

Cnmt'!^ complc'ti' with IVril Sen-^iitive
Suirsj^lasfe-;. a Micrrtsci)])ic Space Fleet,
a DONT PANIC Button, a fatkajfe of
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destruction ofyour hnine and planet.

inFocom

For more information call 1-800-262-6868. Or write to us
Flnteracnwsaeffce fiction Moric- Trom Iniaffllll'."" ^' ^ CambridgePark Drive, CambridgB, MA 02140.

® ISK InfommJiK. THE HITCHHIKERS GUIDE TOTHE GALAXV L< » tmlmrii of l>)ugk< AAoni PUNETFALL STAKRCe^

PC/TaxCut, from Best Programs of Alexandria, Virginia, can be
used by individuals, professionals, or small businesses and is ca-
pable of handling very sophisticated tax forms. First introduced
in 1982, the program has been updated annually. PC TaxCut
can be used as a stand-alone tax planniftg and preparation
package or ivitb Best's personal financial management system,
PC/Professional Finance Program.

Scarborough Systems' Your Personal Net Worth does not in-
clude a fixed set of categories for financial accounts. Instead, it
lets you create accounts for your own individual expenses. Each
time you make a financial transaction, the program asks if you
want a tax record. If you do, it records the relevant parts of the
transaction, flagging deductible expenses and interest on loans.
Your Personal Net Worth also keeps track of all sales tax paid
on nondeductible items. When tax time rolls around, the
A program gives you totals for each area to ease

JF the burden of preparing your return.

no property or other investments, your tax calculations
will not be that difficult. Spending $100 for software that
you will use once may not be money spent wisely.

But if you're at the point where expert help is
necessary, here are some things to keep in mind when
looking for tax software:

• Does it contain all the forms you'll need to file? Most
programs have all of the standard, and some nonstan-
dard, schedules. But if the program is missing a crucial
one, it may be worthless to you.

• Can it print directly onto legal tax forms? Some do,
but many just print final figures onto regular paper,
requiring you to go back and transfer all the numbers to
a form. This may not be terribly important to you, but
it's a nice timesaver, and it prevents transcription errors.

• Can you be reasonably sure that the publisher will
supply updates over the next few years? If using

software for your taxes is just an experiment, or a
temporary measure to get you through a bad year, this
isn't so vital. But if you're looking for a permanent
solution, you'll want to ascertain that the software will
be kept current as laws change.

• How extensive are the program's what-if capabili-
ties? This is key to the usefulness of a tax program. A
good program will point out options that will, if possi-
ble, lower your tax bill.

• How thorough and simple is the documentation? As

with any complicated software package, clear, complete
instructions are essential. A program with bad docu-
mentation may actually add hours to the time it would
take you to figure your taxes by hand. Good documenta-
tion will reinforce its software by alerting you to tax laws
and alternatives.

• Is it worth the expense? Bottom line. If you don't
expect to find enough hidden refund money to recover
more than the cost of the package, it may not be worth it
to you (unless you just want to computerize your tax
records).

Though these programs can be very helpful to
consumers in completing an often complicated
annual task, they can be quite a headache for the
developers and publishers who must insure their accu-
racy. After all, these software packages are being used to
compile reports made to federal and state governments.
Current, legally correct information is essential.

But in the end it's your name on the form. It doesn't
matter to the Internal Revenue Service how a return is
prepared, only that it is correct. "We don't take any
position for or against the programs," says Ernest Acosta
of the IRS. "Like with anything you do with a computer,
the information that goes into it is what determines
whether it's going to be successful or not. You should
remember that you're the one who signs the tax return.
Ultimately, it's your responsibility to make sure it's
correct.

"On the whole, they're probably a good idea for
people who know how to use them. You still need some
tax knowledge to go through and know exactly what
you're being asked to input. It's certainly not a substitute
for following the instructions and keeping good records
and all the other things you would have to do to keep up
with your taxes." @

40 COMPUTEI December 1985

Buy Remember!

And get another J^A^nem

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absolutely FREE!!

Every Student Needs
Remember!

Remember! is a revolutionary learning
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You can use Remember! to help you
study almost any subject. Plus, it actually
teaches valuable learning and memory
techniques that can be applied to any
subject, anytime.

Get Your Free DeslgnWare Program.

Just purchase your copy of Remember!
from your favorite software dealer (Don't
forget to save the receipt!) Then fill out
and mail in the coupon below.

OirnMlMrt

P™n but ton t-o ro *-ot * bojt or 10

.^

Stutfu Hints a*t» H«U Print

There's nothing else rike it.

■ It's so powerful, it may be the one pro-
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your first computer.

■ It's so easy you'll be learning with i!
in minutes.

■ it's the first program that uses proven
memory techniques to help students
learn and retain information.

■ Lets you enter pictorial, auditory or
written hints to help you remember

■ Includes special character sets for
foreign languages, chemistry and
biology so it can be used for a broad
range of subjects.

Aval lable for Apple'^ lie, lie, II+,
IBM® PC, PCjr and Commodore 64"
computet^.

What the critics are saying
about Remember!

For starters. Remember! has already
won awards-within the first six months
of its introduction.

CertirisdbyNEA

NBtlonal Education Association

Critics' Choice Award

Outstanding innovatlva Application

1965, Family Computing

What everyone's saying about
Remember!

1 walched my tentti grader sit down wllh your
program Remambsri and actually master Latin
endings he has been stumbling overall semester!'
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Parent, Fan Won/i, Texas

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and constitutes a complete short course in using
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ftamembert includes several study
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Free DesignWare Program!

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1985

BALIO

Joseph Russ

Catch as many balloons as you can —
but be careful not to fad off your
skateboard. This whimsical game zvas
originally written for Atari computers
with at least 16K RAM. We've added
versions for the Apple II series, Com-
modore 64, IBM PC (with color/
graphics adapter and BASICA), IBM
PCjr (tuith Cartridge BASIC), and TI-
99/4A (with Extended BASIC). The
64, IBM, and Atari versions require a
joystick. A joystick is optional with
the TI version. The Atari and Apple
versions can also be played with
paddles.

"Balloon Crazy" is a game that chil-
dren can enjoy, yet its higher levels
are a challenge for adults. The goal
is simple: You must zip back and
forth across the screen on a skate-
board while catching falling bal-
loons on top of your head. Since
some of the balloons fall very fast,
that's not as easy as it sounds. After
you've caught enough balloons (six
in most versions), you can reach up
to pop them, then catch some more.
If you miss just one, you lose all the
balloons currently in your posses-
sion.

Type in Balloon Crazy from
the listing for your computer, then
save a copy of the program before
you try to run it. Every version of
the game is similar, so be sure to
read the general game rules before
referring to the specific notes for
your computer.

Oodles Of Balloons

Each game begins by displaying
several rows of multicolored bal-
loons at the top of the screen.
You are the skateboarder at the
bottom. When a balloon begins to
fall, move directly under it and
catch it on your head. The blue J
balloons fall slowly, which makes

42 COMPUTei December 1985 / '

RAZY

them easy to catch ( but worth the
fewest points). The green balloons
fall faster, but swiftest of all are the
red balloons. As soon as you snare
a balloon, it joins the pile on top of
your head.

Should you miss a balloon,
you immediately fall off the skate-
board. All the balloons on your
head fall and pop. Points are scored
only when you have caught the
required number of balloons. You
have three players to work with in
each game: Falling off the skate-
board costs you one player. Clear-
ing all the balloons from a screen
permits you to advance to the next
level — where everything becomes
more difficult. Bonuses are award-
ed at appropriate intervals, and you
can earn an extra player by scoring
1,000 points.

Though the balloons become
harder to catch at higher levels, you
are never helpless to prevent them
from hitting the ground. Should a
balloon miss the top of the pile, you
can bounce it back into the air by
holding down the fire button (or
the space bar in some versions) and
running into it. The balloon will
then float back into the air, and you
may try to catch it again.

Atari Version

Balloon Crazy (Program 1) runs on
any Atari computer with at least
16K RAM (or 24K for disk). Plug a
joystick into port 1 before you run
the game, and press START to be-
gin. At the first level, you score 5
points for each green balloon, 10
for blue, and 15 for red. These val-

i j^ues are multiplied at higher levels.

^y" A bonus player is awarded when
you reach 1,000 points and at inter-
vals thereafter. Move left and right
with the joystick, and press the
fire button when you want to
hit a balloon. You must hit

@.;©i©;;©*^

fl-l-

5MBATQNTHE

""SS'ANF«o^.,^,_,

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•aWS

(YOU'RE WELCOME.)

^^rfs

1

&^M«

' 1

When we reteased KAMPFGRUPPE™ in
Febniary 1985, we knew we had created
one of the tjest tactical tank battie games
ever. How couid we do any iess with
the care, the detail, the features we put
into this comptiter simulation of Eastern
Front armored warfare.

As much success as we had predicted
(or KAMPFGRUPPE, we were not pre-
pared for th« overwhelming enthusiasm
from the thousands of pmers that played
it. Our customer response cards for
KAMPFGRUPPE are invariably filled with
words of praise and thanks. On a scale
of 9, it has consistently been ranked
in the 6's for playability, realism, and
excitement.

Even the experts agree. The April/May
1985 issue of Cgmputir Ginilig Wirld
called KAf»1PFGRUPPE "a truly superior
game," And in the Aug./Sept. issue,
CGW's reader survey placed H as the
highest rated wargame ever in the his-
tory of the magazinel

Not one to rest on our laurels, we've
j'usl released MECH BRIGADE™, the defin-
itive simulation of Soviet- NATO armored
combat. It lets yon engage in tank
warfare ol the 1990's, using the latest,
laser-guided, missile-armetf juggernauts
such as the Abrams M-1 and the T-80.
Attack helicopters are also included.

From all preliminary Indications,
the same greatness and gratitude be-
stowed on KAMPFGRUPPE is deslined lor
MECH BRIGADE.

So what are you waiting for? Rush on
down to the nearest computer/software
or game slore and check out these two
great tactical games today!

You can (hank us later.

If there are no convenient stores near
you, VISA & M/C holders can order these
$59.95 games direct by calling BOO -227-
1617, 1 33 5 (till Ine], In California, 800-
772-3545, x335.

Please specify computer fomiat and
add S2.00 for shipping and handling.

To order by mail, send your check to:
Strategic Simulations, Inc., 883 Stieriin
Road. A-200, Mountain View, CA 94043.
(California residents, add 7% sales tax.)
All our games carry a "M-^ay satisfactton
or your money back" guarantee.

WfllTE FOn A FREE COLOR CATALOG OF
All OUR 6AMES TODAY.
UHPf MUFfE it M liikitti far UK APPLE II* w1«,
ATARI' Ian ciBMln. »' IM CONMDDDIIE G47
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APPLE, ATARI, and COMMODORE 64 are Irads-
marks ol Apple Conpuler, Inc, Alari. Inc., and
CommodoiB Electronics, Ltd.. respectivejy.

KAMPFGHUrrE lii MECH BRIGADE nhtHla wltt ctirti lU ib|nm li di)l|lrt tti wmtmr, STRATEQic siMULAnONS. inc.

ANNOUNCING THE
FAMILY SOFTWARE SPECTACULAR:

BUY3,GET1FREE.

CHOOSE FROM
OVER 50 LEADING TITLES.

What do you call an offer that brings together, for the
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It's a one-of-a-kind value your family shouldn't miss.

FISHER-PRICEf
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For years Fisher-Price has been known for helping chil-
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Software, your child can develop skills in five key areas : madi,
language, creativity, basic learning and computer literacy.

Your child will love developmg and testing language
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gram diat uses voice to teach sound and letter recognition
in words.

WINDHAM classics: CLASSIC
NOVELS COME TO LIFE.

Pick up Windham Classics , graphic interac-
tive fiction based on some of the greatest adventures
of all time.

They're great for kids,yetfim for all ages,

Enjoy "THE WIZARD OF OZ." " You are Dorothy,
and each of your decisions determines your adventure.
There's more than one adventure to be had as you meet old
fiiends and new in the land of Oz.

WORK BETTER WITH
BETTER WORKING."

Constantiy erasing and retyping? Unsure of your spell-
ing? WORD PROCESSOR WITH SPELLCHECKER is
exactly what you need . This full featured word processor
includes the 50,000 word AMERICAN HERITAGE
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misspelled words.

The full line also includes
FILE&REPORTand
SPREADSHEET-tities
that represent the best
values on the market
today.

SPINNAKERf THE LEADER IN
FAMILY LEARNING SOFTWARE.

From pre-school counting to high-school compositions,
Spinnaker offers the high quality educational programs
you have come to expect. For example, there's the HOME-
WORK HELPER" series which provides step-by-step
methods for improving writing and math skills and helps
kids tackle otherwise troublesome school assignments.

TELARIUMr
INTERACTIVE nCTION AT ITS BEST.

Here's graphic interactive fiction by famous writers of
science fiction, fantasy, and mystery like Ray Bradbury, Arthur

C. Clarke and Erie Stanley Gardner. Each story unfolds widi
you in the center of the action - and completely in control . In
PERRY MASON: THE CASE OF THE MANDARIN
MURDER^ you are the world famous criminal lawyer. Chal-
lenge the evidence. Cross-examine the witness. Only you
can prove your client's innocence . And time is running out.

A SOFTWARE OFFER FOR ALL AGESl

Any software offer including something for everyone in
the family is certainly fantastic. But combine that with a free
product offer and what you have is something spectacular.
Look for the specially marked boxes of The Family Software
Spectacular at your retailer.

Sfhe Stmui^^S^fltware^pecttieulwr

TURN PAGE FOR MORE INFORMATION ON T.
SOFTWARE SPECTACULAR. —

® 1985 SSC, One Kendall SqUiire,CambriilKi-,M A 021 39. All righls rescncd. 'rillei arailibL-on mmipopular hiiimconipuicrs. Spelling Syfi-
warcderelupo! hv Houghton Mifflin Companv, publishen of ihe AmmcanHmtagt Diciienarf.

THE FAMILY SOFTWARE SPECTACULA R is i iradcnmk of Spinnaker Software Corp'. SPINNAKER is a rcgislered tnideiiHikof
Spsnn aktr Sofiwan: Corp- FISHER-PRICE is a traUemarkof TheQuAcr Oan Companv and is used under liccnic. WINDHAM CLASSICS is

atrademarkofWindhaniClassioCorp.TELARIUMisatradcmafkDfTclariuraCotp.BETl'ER WORKING isatrademaikof Spinnaker
Software Corp.

Advertisement

[SEE PREVIOUS PAGE]

HERE'S HOW YOUR

FAMILY CAN

PARTICIPATE IN

REMEMBER, TO RECEIVE A FREE
PRODUCT YOU MUST PURCHASE
ANY THREE TITLES FROM THE PAR-
TICIPATING BRANDS (IN A^fY COMBI-
NATION) AND MAIL YOUR ENTRY NO
LATER THAN JANUARY 31, 1987.

1. Siart by saving the receipt(s) from your soft-
ware program purchases. (It is not necessary
for software purchases to appesr on one
receipt. Photocopies of the receipt(s) are ac-
cepted. Receipts must be dated BETWEEN
JULY 1, 1985, AND JANUARY 31, 1987.)

2. Cut the proof-of-purchase tab from each of
the three user manuals that come with the
programs. (Photocopies not accepted.)

3 . Attach the purchase recelpt(s) and the three
original proof-of-purchase tabs to one sepa-
rate sheet of paper.

4. Fill in the form below and place the com-
pleted form in an envelope with:

a. A sheet of paper with three original
proof-of-purchase tabs and your
purchase receipt(s)

b. A check or money order for S3 . 50 to
cover postage and handling. (Canada
residents please send S5 . 00 for postage
and handling.)

Make check payable to THE FAMILY

SOFTWARE SPECTACULARandmail

envelope to:

THE FAMILY SOFTWARE

SPECTACULAR

P.O.Box 1327, Cambridge.MA 02238

ORDER FORM

To receive your free program, this form must be
filled out completely. Please print.

Free Product Chosen :

Title,'Brand

Computer'Model

.MAKE SL'RETHE PRODUCT YOU CHOOSE l.S
AVAILABLE ON THE CO.MPUTER SYSTEM
YOU HAVE SELECTED.

Name

Addrw

Cifv

^.fite

7ip

TITLES PURCHASED

■>

1

1

BRANDS

DATE OF PURCHASE

I

2._
3._

Allow 6-8 wKks fordelivery of your free software program .
Note: All rEceipis and envelope postmark must be dated
prior 10 Jinuar>' 31,1 987. Offer good in the US and Canada
only. Void where taxed, leslriaed or prohibited by law.

the balloon with the player's arm.
Since the player has a limited reach,
be careful not to knock a balloon
completely away.

This game requires only hori-
zontal movement, so you might
find it easier to use a paddle instead
of a joystick. If you have a set of
paddle controllers, plug them into
port 1 and make the following
modificahon:

500 S=STICK (0) : PP=255-PAD

DLE(0):POKE 53248, PP:

RETURN

1020 IF PTRI6(0)=0 THEN I

F ABS CBY-1 78) <3 THEN

1 040

Commodore 64 Version

The 64 version of Balloon Crazy
(Program 2) is written completely
in machine language, and must be
typed in with "The New MLX for
Commodore 64" machine language
entry program found elsewhere in
this issue. Be sure to read the in-
structions for using MLX carefully
before you start. You'll need to read
the MLX article even if you've used
the old version of MLX many times
in the past, since this is a complete-
ly new version. No previous version
of MLX can be used to enter the data
from Program 2. After you finish
entering the game, be sure to save a
copy of the game before you play it.
Here are the starting and ending
addresses required for MLX:

Starting address; COOO
Ending address; C81F

Plug a joystick into port 2, then
load Balloon Crazy with:
LOAD "name",8,l for disk
or
LOAD "name",l,l for tape

(replace name with the filename
used when you saved the program).
Then tvpe SYS 49152 and press
RETURN.

You must collect six balloons
on your head in order to score
points, Blue, green, and red bal-
loons are worth 10, 20, and 30
points, respectively. Use the joy-
stick to move left and right, and
press the fire button when you have
missed a balloon and wish to
bounce it upward. You must hit the
balloon with the upper part of the
player's body. Note that the player
can wrap around from one side of
the screen to the other, but the bal-
loons cannot. As a bonus, you are

Little Ptople Inside
Your Computer:

How To
Make Contact

We've known for some time that small
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thousand-digit error in your phone bill,
for that police officer mistakenly believing
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for the syntax errors you get back after
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piece of code.

Turns out, the little folk only cause
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Treated properly, they're as pleasant and
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Thanks to the revolutionary
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lured out of the circuit boards and into
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They seem to have quite a bit to
say. They'll tap on the inside of your monitor
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pound out messages on their typewriters.
They also enjoy playing songs, dancing
and playing card games.

Though they share many common
traits, the little folk are as individual as
Big Regular People (BRP). Consequently,
Activision researchers consider it vital
that as many computer owners as possible
use The Activision Little Computer People
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deed of ownership for the House-On-
A-Disk; and a special edition of Modem
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communication and, perhaps, a meaningful
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We recommend that you join the
quest immediately. Unless you like
being the victim of all those "computer

errors.

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Advertisement

awarded an extra player after com-
pleting level 5.

Apple Version

Apple II Balloon Crazy (Program 3)
runs on Apple Il-series computers
with either DOS 3.3 or ProDOS.
The listing must be entered using
COMPUTE!'s "Apple MLX" machine
language editor program found
elsewhere in this issue. Be sure you
understand the instructions for
using Apple MLX before entering
the data for Balloon Crazy. The
MLX starting and ending addresses
for the game are:

Starting address: 8000
Ending address; 8D97

After you've entered the game and
saved a copy, start the game by
entering:
BR UN "name"

where name is the filename you
used when you saved Balloon
Crazy.

You can play the game with a
paddle on any Apple II computer:
Move the paddle to control the
player, and press the paddle button
to bounce the balloon upward. Al-
ternatively, keyboard controls can
be used on the Apple lie and Apple
lie: press the open-Apple key to
move left, the closed-Apple key to
move right, and the space bar to
bounce.

Four balloons must be collect-
ed to score points. If you miss a
balloon completely, all the balloons
on your head drift off into space
and disappear. There are nine game
levels. Red balloons do not appear
until the second level, but each
higher level contains more red bal-
loons. You may pause the game by
pressing RETURN; resume play by
pressing the space bar.

IBM PC/PCjr Version

IBM PC/PCjr Balloon Crazy (Pro-
gram 4) requires a joystick and
BASICA (if you have a PC) or Car-
tridge BASIC (PCjr). You may want
to unlock the horizontal axis of the
joystick. Before the game begins,
you have an opportunity to adjust
the joystick if needed: Press Y when
prompted and follow the instruc-
tions on the screen. In this version,
all balloons are red and are worth
the same number of points.

The number of balloons you
need to catch depends on how
many rows of balloons are left on

the screen: Only three are required

at first, but this number increases
each time you clear an entire row of
balloons. When clearing the top
row of balloons, you must catch
seven balloons to score. There is no
way to bounce a missed balloon
back into play. After clearing an
entire screen of balloons, you may
advance to the next screen.

Your final score reflects the
number of balloons caught (no bo-
nus is awarded). You may adjust
the difficulty of the game by chang-
ing the statement DF=10 in line
120. The variable DF controls how
close you must be to a balloon to
catch it. Changing DF to a higher
value makes the game easier, and
decreasing it makes the game more
difficult.

T1-99/4A Version

Balloon Crazy for the TI (Program
5) requires Extended BASIC and is
played with either keyboard con-
trols or a joystick. Press the S key to
move left and the D key to move
right. You cannot bounce a balloon
back up after missing it. When you
catch a balloon, it turns the same
color as the player and immediately
increases your score. At higher lev-
els, the balloons fall faster and are
worth more points. The game ends
when you have lost all three players.

Program 1 : Atari Balfoon
Crazy

For instnjctions on entering this listing, please
refer to ■'COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" published bimonthly in COMPUTE!.

10 B
G

20
30
40

50 B
F
H
! 60 S
Y
P

70 I
1
G0 G
499
500

OSUB

asuB

POKE

77,0:

NITIA

OSUB

OBUB

□ R BY
L: put
DSUB
UND 0
BOUND
flL = Bft
= LF-1
EN 41
OUND

, D + BY
C, 1 : B
6 OR
2 000:
F BAL
0

□ TO 3
REM M
S = ST1
7) - (B
>200)
P: RET

00: 5
00: G
6, CH
KE 5
ZATI
00: G
00
L TO
1+BY
0: so
Y, 10
,0,0
1 : GO
IT = 0

OSUB 50

RAPHICS

S/23(b: P

59, 62: R

ON

OSUB 30

2 2 0 ST
, D+BY) =
SUB 100
, a I N E X T

,0

SUB 150
IF LF =

00:
17
OKE
EM

EP
B*:
0: S
BY

0:L
0 T

45
40
7S
PO
LI
3 5
25
= B
(P
50
,B
0
L-
: H
00
0
)

OS
BA
SB
< 1

0

OVEMENT

CK «0> : PP-PP+ ( (S =

=11)+ (PP<65) - (PR

) *3: POKE 53248, P

URN

0,0,0; PI1« (Pl+B
N«: HIT=0: POKE
US 1005: IF BDH
L< 1 THEN G0BU8
=167: BDH=0
THEN GOBUB 30

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Address ^_^

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Eteuliwal Software IhiitVfato

CO

OB 599

GO 600

la 610

lA 999

NX 100 0

10 1002
KL 100S

LB 1009

tit 1 0 1 0

IL 1019

tfJ 1020

REM PO

FDR S =

: SOUND

1, 16,

SOUND

,0,0,0

REM CH

ON

PEK-P

EK = 0

GOTO

FDR I

-5: SO

ND 1 ,

SOUND

1,0,0

REM D

HEAD?

IF BY

H + BB,

-1 1 ! B

H+1 ! e

R/3)
REM D
OON?

PPING SOUND
15 TO 0 STEP ~1
0, 15, 0, S: SOUND
0,S:NEXT S
0, 0,0, 0:SOUND 1
: RETURN
ECK FOR COLLISI

EEK (53261 > : IF P

THEN RETURN

1010

=25 TO 10 STEP

UND 0, I , 4, S: SOU

1*2, 2, 8:NEXT I :

0,0,0,0: SOUND
, 0: RETURN
ID BALLDON HIT

-BB<3 THEN PM« (
P0+BB) =B»: BB=BB
AL=BAL-1 : BOH-BO
AL (BOH) =C ( I-l , B
POP sBDTO 60
ID ARM HIT BALL

IF STRIB(0) =0

F ABS (BY-17S) <

1040

Pri030 A = A+ ( ( A>PP) - < A

*3:P0KE 53249,

URN

T THE

{P<=P

TD SL

500: S

ri« (PI

5324

PP) - (

ND P<

1 ) =0)

UND 0

P : GO
ISSED

m 1040

Al 1050

PE 1060

OB 1070

ED 1499

FN 1500

BE 1510

00 1520
PH 1530
ED 1540

OE 1550

*[. 1560

if 1 999

.'S 2000

PC, 1 : RET
P=A: IF HI
+( (P>PP) -
FOR K-BY
-3: GOSUB
,K, 10, 8; P
) =B«: POKE
P=P+ ( { (P>
) » (P>65 A
PEEK (5326

PC, 1
NEXT K:SO
:HIT=l ; PO
REM MAN M
ON

PM»(Pl+BY
= N«

PMS (PM, PB
PM« (P0+19
POKE 5325
1=200 TO
SOUND 0, I
I

SOUND 0,0
<1 THEN 1
FOR I=15B

-1 1 :FaR
PMt (P0+J,
:NEXT J:P
J+1 2) "POB
!FOR K=l
: PM* (P0+J
«:NEXT 1
FOR 1=1 T
I:PDKE 53

32: PLOT

0,0,0,0
PMt (PT.PB
3248, PP: B
: PF = 120: R
REM FOP B

TALLY PO
IF BOH< 1

THEN 1
3 THEN

■:=PP) )
A: POKE

N P"PP
P) ) |;3
STEP
DUND 0
+K, F+K
9,P
P<=PP)
200) t (
) : POKE

,0,0,0

TO 4 0
BALLD

, Pl+BY+100)

) =P* (
0, PB)
0, PP-
0 STE
, 2, 10

,0,0:
550

TO B
J = I T
P0 + J +
M» (P0
«: EDS
TO 9
, P0 + J

0 100
250, 0
LF, 23

) =Pt :

DH = 0:

ETURN

ALLDO

INTS

THEN

1,37):
=MDRS:
B: FOR
P -10:
: NEXT

IF BOH

B STEP

0 175
12) =B«
*J , P0+
UB 600
NEXT K
+12) =N

:NEXT
: COLOR
iSOUND

POKE 5
BB=169

NS AND

RETURN

C,i2010 FOR 1 = 1 TO BOH:PM«(P

M+1 , PD+1 ) =H*
11112020 PMt (P0+15a, PM) =PDB*:

GOSUB A00:FOR V" 1 TD
15:NEXT V:PMS(P0+1S

B,PM) =N$: DOH=BCH— 1 : P

M« (PM, PB) =PS (100,137

)
MF2330 SC = SC^-BAL ( I ) *5*LVL: P

DSITIDN 7,0:? #6; SC:

48 COMPUTEI December 1 985

Player/missile graphics animate the
player and balloons in the Atari version
of "Balloon Crazy."

IF SOBONUS THEN LF^

LF+l:BaNUS=BONUStl00

0«LVL:COLOR 72:PLDT

LF,23

IF BDH<1 THEN 2060

FOR K=l TO BDH:FOR J

=15B-K»11 TO 16S-K*1

1 : PM« (P0+J , P0+J1 12) =

B«:NEXT J: NEXT K:I-JEX

T I

PMS (FT, PM) =N»: RETURN

20 40
2050

tc 2060
i': 2499

3 2500

2510

:B 2520
JC 2 53 0

1= 2 9 99
1. 3000

JN 3020

Bl 30 30

F« 3500

Sf 3 5 10

EE 3520

a 3530
EE 3999

U 4000

REM CHQO
D FALL
BR=3+INT
:FOR 1=5
1 : BOSUB
R, I , BT: I

NEXT I :
POKE 705
I-I , BR/3
3*2) : BL-
53249, A
PM* (PI *B
OLOR 32:
BS= (C ( I-
: SL=INT (
BS) : RETU
REM DRAW
RESTORE
) , C (4, 6)
J-1 TO 3
=A: NEXT
12B

PP=- 120: P
: BAL=24:

LVL>10
POSITION

TO LF:C

I ,23:NE
FOR X=3
:FQR Y=2
RND(0) (3
+F (A) : C (
LOT X , Y:
X: RETURN
DIM T* ( 1
ON :?lEc5?;
34: POKE

710, 36
FOR 1=4
ON 1 , I : -^
-3) : NEXT
POSITION
core : " ; S
RETURN
REM SET

AND STA
Y

PP=120: B
VL=0: LF-
=P0-12: P
0 + 206

SE BALLOON T

(RND (0) «6) tZ
TO 2 STEP -
500:LDCATE B
F BT=32 THEN
GOTO 2500
, PEEK :707+C (
) ) : A=24* (BR/
32+1 «S: POKE

L, D+BL) =Bt : C
PLOT BR, I
1 , BR/3) +2) /2
(LVL/3+1 ) /2+
RN

SCREEN
3000: DIM F < 3
, BAL (6) : FOR
; READ A: F ( I )
I:DATA 0,32,

DKE S
LVL = L
THEN

11,2
;LVL
OLOR
XT I
TD IB

TO 5
) + 1 : C
Y-1 , X
NEXT

324B, PP
VL+1 : IF
LVL=10

#6;
FOR I-l
72: PLOT

STEP 3

A=INT (
OLOR 79
/3) =A: P
Y: NEXT

3) : T*=" BALLD
" :PDKE 7 0 8,1
709, 19B : POKE

TO 16: POS I T I
t»6; T» ( 1-3, I
1
1,0:7 #6; "s

C

UP VARIABLES
RTING DISPLA

B=169: SC=0:L
3: PC=53278: H
T=P0+69: PB-P

EG 4010

JK 4020

Si 4030

K 4040

Ift 4050

\J. 4060
FS 4 100

Hi 4 110

.- 4 120

«S 4 130

SO 4 1 4 0
GA 44 99

'B 45013

i"^ 45 10

BL 4520
BA 4530

Cl!4540

FF 4550

K 4560
Zi 4570

Cft 4999
fG S000

DB 50 10
CD S020

KA 5030
EF 5040

I? 5050
PO 5060

FC 5070

PM=PB-3B:D=P1+12:F»D

+3:BT=PB-10:PD=PM+23

: BONUS= 1000

GRAPHICS 1B:P0KE 703

,134:P0KE 709,19B:FD

KE 710,84:POKE 756, C

HS/256

POSITION 3,4:? « 6 -, " B

ALLa:oN crazy !'■ sPDSIT

ION 4,6:7 #6; '■fJ-;VC5^

DIM S* ( 10) : S«='-0o ^Oo
rCOonD" : FOR 1 = 0 TO 10
STEP 10:POSITIQN 1,
0:-> #6; St : POSI T!ON I
,10:'' «6;S«:NEXT I
IF PEEK (53279) ^: >6 TH
EN 4050
RETURN

POKE 53248, 0:POKE 53
249, 0: GRAPHICS 1 7 : PO
KE 708,134;POKE 709,
198:P0K.E 710,84
POSITION 6,4:'' «6; "q
ame over":POEITION S
, 6: ? #6; "SCDRE: "
POSITION 9, B: ^ #6; SC
: POSITION 5,10:? #6:
"nrr3:*^H»fi7T;*!": PDSITI
ON 4,12:-' «6; "iT-M-^F

ET*rcTqrri"

IF P E E K ( 5 3 2 7 9 ) -: ; 6 T H

EN 4 13 0

CLF :GOTO 10

REM REDEFINE CHARACT

ERS

GRAPHICS 17:P0F.E 559

, 0: DIM C* (2) : Ct="QH"
CHS=(PEEK (1061-8) »25
6: CHD=57344

IF PEEK (CHS+9) < >0 TH

EN RETURN

FOR 1=0 TO 511: POKE

CHS+I , PEEK (CHD+I ) : NE

XT I

RESTORE 4560:FOR 1=1

TO 2: CHP=CH5+ ( ASC (C
« ( I ) ) -32) «a: FOR J=0
TO 7:READ A:POKE CHP
+J,A:NEXT J:NEXT I
FDR 1=32 TO 39:P0KE
CHS+I , 255-PEEK (CHa+ I
) : NEXT I : RETURN
DATA 28, 50, 125, 125, 1
21 , 62, 20, B
DATA 0, 16, 56, 124, 56,
60, 56, 0

REM STE UP P/M
DIM PMt (4096) , P
) , N* ( 12) , Bt « 15)
( 12) , MDLS ( 16) , M
6) , Ht (22)
FDR 1=1 TD 12:N
CHR* (0) : NEXT I
A=ADR (PMt) : PMB=
/2048) *204B: IF

THEN PMB=PMB+2
S=PMB-A: POKE 54
MB/256:PaKE 532
PMt=CHRt (0) : PMt
) =CHRt (0) : PMt (2
: P»=PM*

P0=S+1024: POKE
4JREST0RE 5070
FOR 1=100 TO 13
D ft: Pt ( I ) =CHRt (

XT J:PMt<P0+69,
6) =P*

DATA 0, 16, 1 6, 56
24, 124, 56, 56, 60
6,56,16,16,36,5
,124, 1B6, 186, IS
, 120, 120, 40, 40,
,40, 40

t (255
, POBt
DRt ( 1

t { I ) =

INT (A

PMB<A

048

279, P

77,3

(4096

) =PMt

704, S

7 : REA
A) : NE
P0 + 20

,56, 1
, 60, 5
6,124
5, IBS
40, 40

SB* <»

-<«3*

Anotiier Great Simulation from Sid Mder -
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Roland Frechette
$12.95 ISBN 0-87455-014-9

Easy to use, the Personal Accounting Manager (PAM) is a com-
plete small-fausiness/home accounting system that satisfies every
accounting need. Thirteen support routines, from income and
expenses to property and Investments, are managed by the
menu-driven PAM. Personalizing PAM is simple. PAM cal-
culates, projects, plans, and prints reports on financial status
based on the data entered. It's the perfect financial assistant for
anyone who wants to take the drudgery out of keeping track of
his or her money. Ready-to-type listings for PAM are Included.
A disk is available which includes the programs in the book.

Macideas

i- Richard McLaughlin
$14.95 ISBN 0-87455-015-7

This idea-packed guide includes more than 100 specific vvays to
apply the Macintosh's powerfulgraphics capabilities. Readers
will learn how to use MacWrite and MacPaint to create certifi-
cates, maps, newsletters, charts, flyers, and much more.
Macideas shows how to enhance personal gifts and correspon-
dence Including personalized postcards, holiday greetings, and
letterhead creation. Information and examples on using the
newest Macintosh technology — digitizers-demonstrate how
dazzling graphics can be created from photographs, portraits,
even videotape. Dozens of illustrations take the reader from an
Idea to the finished product.

Apple II Applications: 40 Programs for Your
Apple

Brian and Christopher Flynn
$14.95 ISBN 0-87455-016-5

Forty educational and strategy games, business and science
applications, and home and personal organizational tools — all
ready to type in and use on any Apple It-series computer. And
since all programs are written entirely in BASIC, Apple II
Applications also serves as an excellent example of good
programming techniques which can be studied. Ail programs
run under both ProDOS and DOS 3.3.

A disk is available which includes the programs in the
book.

For more Informaliorv on these or any best-selling titles from COMPUTE! Books,
call toll-free 800-334-0868 (In NC 919-27S-9609).

COMPUTEr Publicotionsjrx:.®

One or lt» ABC PHjbkshng Componlm ^^^

324 W iWsndovet Avonue. SiHe 200 Gtowoboro. NC !?««- 919-!7SflS(»

COMPUTEI books are available in Ihie U.K.. Europe, the Middle
East, and Africa Irom Holt Saunders. Ltd., t St. Anne's Road.
Eastbourne, Ea$t Sussex BN2t 3UN, England.

MORE
FANTASTIC

COMPUTEI's Atari Colleciion, Vol. 2

Edited

More than 30 never before published
programs and articles moke COMPUTEI's
Atari Collection, Vol. 2 an outstanding
value and an excellent addition to any
software library. Packed full of games like
"Speedway," "Electronic Football,"
"Termite." and "Granite Cracker,"
applications sucti as "Personal Net Wortli
Statements," and numerous tutorials and
utilities, tfils book brings you tine variety
and value you've come to expect from
COMPUTE! Publications. A disk is also
available for $12.95 which includes
programs in the ibook. V

$14.95 ISBN 0-87455-029-7

This fall COMPUTE! Books brings you
the best in games, utilities, graphics,
music generators, applications, and
programming tutorials for your
Commodore, Atari, Apple, and IBM
PC personal computers.

FALL TITLES

from COMPUTE! BOOKS

f

4

40 Great Flight Simulator Adventures

Charles Gulick

Forty exciting, customized flight simulator
scenarios put you in the pilot's seal as you fly
under bridges, around skyscrapers, and land
at mysterious airports. Flight Simulator (IBM
PC) and Flight Simulator II (Apple II,
Commodore 64. Atari 800 XL) are two of the
most popular games/simulations for personal
computers. With this book, you can
experience flight adventures from the
moment you load the program. Parameters
set up each flight and a running commentary
describes what you'll see (and where to look
to see II). You'll land in San Clemente without
engine power, sightsee over the Hudson
River, practice night flying, and put your
aircraft through its aerobatic paces. Ranging
from the simple and straightforward to the
advanced and even mystical, these 40
flights will open a new dimension to an
already outstanding program.
$9.95 ISBN 0-87455-022-X

Advanced Macintosh BASIC Programming

Philip Calippe

The Macintosh is an exciting machine — and
Microsoft BASIC 2.0 lets you put it to work for you.
This tutorial and reference guide to Microsoft
BASIC 2.0 shows you how to use the computer's
advanced features to create impressive programs
of your own. You'll quickly learn how to access
everything from keyboard input and graphics to
the Macintosh's sophisticated ROM routines.
Sample programs are built one piece at a time,
and individual subroutines will easily find their way
into your own programs. Macintosh-specific
features, like creating pull-down menus, windows,
and dialog boxes, are explained. You'll build a
set of software tools, which will aid in developing
such working applications, as a mailing list and
business graphics. You'll even write an arcade-
style game on the Macintosh. Everything you need
to become a proficient Macintosh programmer is
here, ready for you to explore.
$16.95 ISBN 0-87455-030-0

The Elementary Atari ST

William B. Sanders

This friendly, easy-to-use guide to the Atari
ST will step you through the process of ^
connecting your computer, loading %
programs, creating graphics and music,
and writing your own programs. Written by
the author of the bestselling The
Elementary Commodore 64, The Elementary
Atari ST contains lots of helpful information
for both the novice computer user and the
seasoned programmer.
$16.95 ISBN 0-87455-024-6

Order any of COMPUTEI's new books today.

Call toll free 800-334-0868 (in North Carolina 919-275-9809).

Or write COMPUTE! Books, P.O. Box 5058, Greensboro, NC 27403.

(Please add S2.00 per Hem for sliipping and handling in the U.S. or surface mail; add $5.00 per item air mall.)

5

COMPUTE!^ Publications Jnc®

One of me ABC PuDlshing Componies ^^^

324 W, WfenOover Avenue. Suit© 200 GreensOofO. NC 27<10B 919-275-<J9(»

PiftOion of CO^P^JTE'. COW*UT=»'i Ga2aTte. COtyPUTE* s ^ai»ns Oek. CO*UTc* Books, one CO*.*\JTE' j AOOe AppJcolio™

COMPUTE! books are available in the U.K., Europe,
the Middle East, and Africa from Holt Saunders,
Ltd., 1 St. Anne's Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex
BN21 3UN, England.

0, 0, 0, 0, 28, 58, 1
25, 121 , 62, 28, 8, 0

0,0,0,0,42,0, 12
, 145, 0,66, 16
1+256: POKE 706, 7

TQ 16:READ A
) =CHR$ (A) : NEX
(P2+190, P2+20

0,0,0,1,1,0,0
36, 36, 67, 67, 2

DATA 40,40,255,255,6
6, 66, 0

Pl=P0+256: POKE 705,1
32

FDR 1=1 TO 15:READ A
!BS< I 1 =CHR«(A> :NEXT
I:FDR 1=1 TO 12:READ
A:PDB«(I)=CHR»(A) :N
EXT 1

DATA

25, 1

,0,0

DATA

9, 16

P2 = P

0

FOR 1=1

:MDL« ( I

T IsPM*

6)=nDL«

DATA 0,

,24,24,

35,255

FOR 1=1 TO 16:READ ft

iMDR* (I ) -CHRt (A) : NEX

T 1:F0R 1=1 TO 22:RE

AD A: H* CI ) =CHR« ( A) : N

EXT I:RETURN

DATA 0,0,132,132,254

,254,32,32,32,32,34,

34,247, 247, 255, 2SS

DATA 18,18,57,57,125

, 125,57, 57, 61 , 61 , 57,

57, 17, 17, 58, SB, 124, 1

24, 134, 184, 184, 184

Program 2: Commodore 64
Balloon Crazy

Version by Kevin Mykytyn, Editorial

Programmer

For instructions on entering this listing, please
refer to "The New MIX for Commodore 64"
eisewtiere in ttiis issue.

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14

52 COMPUTE! December 1985

NEW

TOLL-FREE PHONE

1-800-541-1541

Shadow is a new and
revolutionary way to back
up your most protected
I software. It encompasses
^ all the latest advances
in software, as well as
a highly sophisticated v
piece of hardware. This is
[ absolutely the best utility

available today. You may not

even need updates, but if you

do, the Shadow's unique design

allows for updates to be available

for a nominal fee. introductory ^qq qc

OFFER 003.30

tNTRODUCTORY OFFER

HACKER PACKAGE $39.95

Shadow a disk while it loads, then read an
exact list of;

i Track, sector, ID, check sum, drive status
High and low track limits
Density use on each track
Halftracks that are used

Command recorder shows exact commands that
were sent to the 1541 while program was loading
RAM recorder records custom DOS

Shadow-scan any disk, then

read exact list of :
■ Valid tracks, half tracks, partial
tracks and segments
I Sync mark links, header block
links, and data block links
' Track to track synchronization

Exclusive snap shot recorder will give you an exact copy of the 1541 RAM
and can be viewed, saved or printed. Plus many more features included.

GT PACKAGE introductory offer $39.95
Highly sophisticated and integrated piece of hardware
that turns your 1541 into something you've always wanted.
' • Track and sector display
■ Drive reset switch
Device number change
- Half track indicator
■ Abnormal bit density indicator
■ Shadow on-off indicator
The Shadow display will give you an accurate display of precisely what track you
are accessing during a normal load even if the program does a read past track 35.

Order by phone 24 hrs./7 days or send cashiers check/money order
payable to Megasoft. Visa, MasterCard include card # and exp. date. Add
S3.50 shipping/handling for continental U.S., $5.50 for UPS air. CODs add
S7.50. Canada add $10.00. Other foreign orders add $15.00 and remil
certilied U.S. funds only. Distributors invited and supported.

MegciSoft

^^ LTD

RO. Box 1080 Battle Ground. Washington 98604 1-800-541-1541

^-^i^pws^sp

--^Sjfei::^^^— —

— "fit.;.-

m

'. -ifi p

^

Ifi 1

1 1 t -"

^1

"IsSkJ

'<^-'mn

-.E3\

■'— i"

Iv^

. „ .7'!S;.. . -J

THE CMO ADVANTAGE

THE BEST PRICES!

Next day shipping on all in stock
items.

Free easy access order inquiry.

Orders from outside
Pennsylvania save state sales
tax.

' Free tectinicial support with our
factory trained technical staff.

■ There is no limit and no deposit
on C.0.0. orders.

■ There's no extra charge for
using your credit card. Your card
is not cfiarged until we ship.

' No waiting period for cashiers
checks.

■ We accept purchase orders from
qualified corporations. Sutiject to
approval.

' Educational discounts available
to qualilied institutions.

■ FREE CATALOG MEMBERSHIP-

ORDER LINE

CALL TOLL-FREE
1-800-233-8950

CUSTOMER SERVICE
& TECH SUPPORT

1-717-327-1450

HOME COMPUTERS

1-800-268-4559

Other Provinces

1-418-828-0866

In Toronto

TELEX: 06-218960

2505 Dunwin Drive,

Mississauga, Ontario

Canada L5L1T1

Ail prices shown are for U.S.A.

orders.

Call The Canadian Office for

Canadian prices

ATARr

130XE (laSK) CAiL

800XL 64K CALL

1010 Recorder $49.99

1050 Disk DrivB $144.00

1025 Ool Matrix Printer St99.00

1027 Letter Quality PrintBr $269.00

1030 Direct Connecl Modem $59,99

SoHware Specials ■

8036 Atari Writer S29.99

Star Raiders S4.99

Missile Command $4,99

Delender S4.99

Galaxian $4,99

520ST (512K|. CALL

BOARDS FOR ATARI

Axlon 32K $39.99

Axlon 48K (400) $69.99

Axltm 128K $199,00

Bit 3 Full View 80 $169.00

WbBe They Last/

Asteroids $4.99

Centipede S4.99

Robotron $4,99

Eastern Front S4.99

APPLE

APPLE lie CALL

APPLE lie CALL

MaclNTOSH ...CALL

lie LCD Display CALL

ASSIMULATION

tulac Port Adapter „.,. .$69.99

HAVDEN

Art Grabber $31,99

Home Design $49,99

Media Worl!S $63.99

PALADIN

Cruncti 512 $189-00

Macintosh Software

Lotu> Jazz CALL

MIcraiDtt Excai CALL

Microsoft Business Pali $375.00

Living VIdootoxt

ThinkTanl< 512 $159.00

Manhattan Ready. Set. Qo $79 99

Cnlghton Dovolopment

Mac Spell $69,99

Monogmm 'Dollars & Sense,,, $99.99
Psachtroo Back to Basics - GL$ia9,00
PF» File & Report (New Version)$129 00
Silicon Baach Airborn $25,99

ft commadore

C12B liiniputBr $299.00

C1S71 jOUh Drive tgr C123} SMEW

Cim2 (RGB 13" Monimr Isr C12B)....SNEW
CltTO (Moitem lor C12>| SNEW

Commodore Plus 4 $199.00

CSr/l 64 $149,00

C1541 Disk Drive $199.00

01 530 DatasettB $39.99

M-B01 Dot Matrix Printer $169,00

MCS 803 Dot Malrin $179.00

C1702 Color Monitor $189.00

C1660 Auto Modem .$69.99

DPS 1101 Daisy Printer $33900

PORTABLE COMPUTERS

Professional Software

Fleet System II w/Spell^ $49,99

Trivia Fever $29,99

Word Pro 4 Plus/5 Plus each,..$Z39.0Q
Into Pro $179,00

BRODERBUND

Ttie Prim Shop , $29,99

0^

File (641 '.■;: $59.99

Report (64) $49,99

=©'

rCLijDCD

Paperclip w/Spall Pack $79.99

The Consultant DBMS $69,99

Bus Card II $139.00

80 Col Display $129.00

DISKETTES

(VI

HEWLETT
PACKARD

•11CV $189 99

•11CX $249,99

HP 71 B $419 99

HP lie $62,99

HP 12C/15CM6C $89,99

HP 75D $949.00

HPIL Module $98.99

HPtL Cassette Of Primer ,,- , ,$359-99

Card Reader $14399

Extended Function Module $63 99

Time Module,,- $63 99

Ws «(oek tho full Una of
HP calculator product*

NEC

PC-8401 CALL

PC-B201 Portable Computer.. .$269 00

PC-8231 Disk Drive $599,00

PC-B221A Thermal Primers $149 00

PC-fl2eiA Data Recortfer $99 99

PC-B20I06 SK RAM Chips $105 00

SHARR

PC-1350 $159.99

PC-1261 - $169.99

PC.1260 $109 99

PC-1500A $165,99

PC-1250A $88 99

CE-125 Ptinier/Casselte $128 99

CE-150 Colof Pnmer Ca5selte-$171 99
CE-161 16K RAM $134,99

maxell

3V SS/DO $39,99

3Vi" OS/00 $54 99

5'/<" MD-1 w/Hardcase $14.99

5Vj" MD-2 vj/Hardcase $19.99

6V." M0-2-HD lor AT- $44.99

ii"\ferbalirrt.

SMi" SS/DD $19.99

5V4" DS/DD $24,99

Disk Analyzer. $24.99

Elephant ZVi" SS/DD $29.99

Eloptiam B'A" SS/SD $13.99

Elaptiam i'U" SS/OO $1599

Elepharil SV)" DS/DO $16.99

Elephant Premium DS/DD $22.99

5Wi" DS/DO Roppy Disks
(Box ol 10) $25.99

DISK HOLDERS

INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS

Flip-in-File 10 $3.99

Flip-in-File 60 $17,99

Flip-in-File 50 yiliock $24.99

Flip-in-File (400/800 ROM) $11.99

Flip-in-File 100 $24.99

AMARAY

50 Disk Tub SVt" $9.99

30 Disk Tub 3'A" $8.99

MODEMS

JInchor

Volksmodem $59.99

Volksmodem 300/1200 $189.99

Signalman Express $299.00

Lightning 2400 Baud $399.00

DIGITAL DEVICES

AT300- 300 Baud (Alari) $99.99

3) Hayes

Smartmodem 300 $139.00

Smartmodem 1200 $389.00

Smartmodem 1200B $359.00

Smartmodem 2400 $629.00

Micromodem lie $149.00

Smart Com II $89,99

Chronograph $19900

Transet 1000 $30900

AST

Reach 1200 Baud Hall Card.. ..$399,00

mpp miCROBITS

MPP.1064 AD/AA (C-64| $69.99

Smart Cal Plus $319.00

J-Cal $99.99

(viovatlon 2400 CALL

Apple Cat II $229.00

212 Apple Cal II $379.00

Apple Cal 212 Upgrade $229,00

Macmodem S319.0O

Ouadmodem II nE3^

300/1200 $339.00

300/1200/2400 $499.00

TELE LEARNING

C64 300 Baud (Closeoui) $39.99

GRAPHICS

•SPfioala

IBM $89.99

Apple/Franklin $79.99

■Polaroid

Palette $1299.00

DRIVES

HARD

PC Slor ..,.., CALL

10 meg Internal (IBM) $429.00

20 meg Internal (IBM) S569 OO

L-MzGA-

10 meg Bernoulli Box $1999,00

20 meg Bernoulli Box $2599.00

5 meg "MacNoulli" $1499,00

#T«UOU»
nCHNOlOGIES

12, 25, 35. SO, 80 meg (PC)
from $1499.00

FLOPPY

INDUS

Atari GT .".'^.TTrf $219.00

C-64 GT $229.00

UESi

At.5 Apple ?^?^ $179.00

A2 Apple $179.00

SD1 C-64 Single $219.00

SD2 C*4 Dual $469.00

■anaon

320K 5'A" (PC) $t09.00

TEAC

320K 5V." $109.00

PRINTERS

PC COMPATIBLES

300 Green $129.00

300 Amber S1 39.00

310 Amber IBM-Plug S169.O0

Color 300 Composite $179.00

Color 500 Composile/RGB S3S9,O0

Color 600 Hi-fies (640x240) $399.00

Color 700 Hi-Oes (720<240) S499.O0

Color 710 Long Phosphor $579.00

Color 722 IBM Enhanced ,.$579.00

12" Amber/Green Comp....(ea.) $99.99
12" Amber/Green TTL (ea.) $119.00

NEC

JB 1260 Green $59-99

JB 1201/1205 ....(ea.) $99.99

JB 1270 Green S139.00

JB 1275 Amber ..$149.00

JB 1280 G TTU12B5 A TTL $149.00

JC 1410 RGB $669.00

PRINCETON

MAX-12E Amber S179.0O

HX-9 9" RGB $469.00

HX-9E Enhanced $519,00

HX-12 12" RGB $469.00

HX-12E Enhanced $559.00

SR-12 Hi-Res $599.00

SR-12 P Enhanced $649.00

115 12" Green Mono $119.00

116 12" Amber Mono $119.00

121 Green TTL $139.00

122 Ambar TTL $149,00

420 Hi-Res RGB (IBM) $429,00

440 Ullra Hi-Res RGB $559,00

8400 Quadchrome I $479,00

8410 Quachrome II $429,00

8420 Amberchrome $179,00

8500 Quad Screen $1499 00

ZVM 1220/1230 {ea,l $99,99

ZVM 1240 IBM Amber $149.00

ZVM 130 Color $269,00

ZVM 131 Color $249,00

ZVM 133 RGB/Color $429,00

ZVM 135 RGB/Color $459,00

ZVM 136 RGB/Color $599,00

INTERFACES

Muiti I/O (Apple II) $189,00

Grapheard, $79.99

Senall Card $99.99

Microbuffer (l-i- $169,00

Microbulfer 32K $189,00

Microlazer.. from $139,00

Elazer (Epson) from $79,99

jJOfongerfllcro

G'appler CD (064) $99,99

Grappler i- (Aople) .$39,99

Gtappler 16K+ (Apple) $159,00

DIGITAL DEVICES

Ape Face (Alari),, ,,„,... ....,.,$49,99

U-Prinl A (Alari) $54,99

U-A16/Bu(lBr (Atari).,... $74,99

U-Ca!l Interface (Atari) $39,99

U-Print C (C64) , $49,99

P-16 Print Buffer $74,99

U-Prini II Apple Mc $89.99

TYMAC

C64 Epson $59,99

C64 Okidata $59.99

C64 Star $57,99

Canon

A40 CALL

LBP-8A1 Lassf. .„ .CALL

#CITIZEN

MSP-10 (30 coll $279,00

tv1SP-15 (132 col.) $389.00

MSP-20 (BO col.) $349,00

fvlSP-25 (132 cot,) $509,00

crroH

Prownler 7500 5219,00

Prownter 8510 NLQ $329,00

Prowriter 1550P $449,00

Slarwriler 10-30,,... $459.00

cofona

Lazer LP-300 $2799.00

DIABLO

D2S Daisywheel $549,00

630-109 Daisywheel $1749,00

D80IF Daisywheel CALL

(iiasYwriter

2000 $749.00

EPSON

LX-SO. LX.90, FX-aS. FX-1B5
JX-80, DX-10, DX-SO, SO 2000
HS.80, Homewriter 10 CALL

mMMCW

6000 Letter Quality - CALL

6100 Letter Quality CALL

6200 Letter Quality CALL

6300 Letter Quality CALL

NEC

8027 Transportable $229.00

2000 Series $699,00

3000 Series $1099,00

8000 Series $1449,00

ELF 360 $449,00

Pinwriter 560 $999,00

OKI[>^1A

84, 1B2, 192. 193, 2410 CALL

Okimale 10 (Specify C64/Atari)$l 89,00
Okimale 20 (IBM) CALL

OLYMPtA

Needlepoint Dot matrix $289,00

Compact RO $289,00

Compact 2 $349.00

Panasonic

KX1091 $269-00

KX1092 $389,00

KX1093 $479.00

Quadjet $399,00

Quad Laser CALL

^ silYEf?-RE£D

500 Lettar Quality $279,00

550 Letter Quality $419,00

770 Letter Quality $759,00

SG-tOC (C64 Interface) $NEW

SB/SD/SG/SR Series ,,, CALL

Powenype Letter Quality CALL

Texas Instruments

TI850 $529 00

Tt855 $799,00

T186S $1049,00

TOSHIBA

1340 (80 column) ,$589,00

P351 (132 column) $1149,00

IBM PC SYSTEMS

Configured to your

specification.
Call for Best Prlcel

IBM-PC, IBM-PC It, IBM-XT, IBM-AT

All Models " CALL

KAYfiRO

KP.200D Portable CALL

SOFTWARE FOR IBM

A5nTOn-TATE

Framework „, $369,00

dBase III $369,00

BORLAND

Turbo Pascal 3,0 $49,99

Sidekick $39,99

CENTRAL POINT

Copy II PC-Backup $29,99

DECISION RESOURCES

Cfiartmasier $229,00

Signmaster $159,00

Diaqram toaster $229,00

EHERTRONICS

Enargraphlcs/Plot $2B9,0U

FOX ft OELLER

Quickcode til $169,00

FUNK SOFTWARE

Sideways $39,99

HARVARD SOFTWARE INC.

Harvard Project Manager S209.00

Total Project Manager $269.00

UFETREE

Volkswriter Deluxe $159.00

LIVINQ VIDEOTEXT

Think Tank ,.,$109,00

LOTUS

Symphony $429.00

1-2-3 ,...$309.00

MECA SOFTWARE

Managing Your r^loney $109,00

MICROSTUF SOFTWARE

Crosstalk XVI $89,99

Crosstalk IV $149,00

Microstut Remote $89,99

MICRORIM SOFTWARE

n:BasB 4000 $259,00

RiBase 5000, $399,00

Clout 2.0 $129.00

MICROPRO

WordStar 2000 $249,00

WofdStar 2000 -i- $309 00

WordStar Prolessional $299,00

MICROSOFT

Word $239,00

Mouse $139,00

Flight Simulator $39,99

MulliPlan $129,00

MULTIMATE

Advantage CALL

Multi Mate Vl/ord Proc $249,00

NOUMENON

Intuit $69,99

NORTON

Norlon utilities 3,0 $59.99

PEACHTREE SOFTWARE

Peachtoxt 5000 $169,00

PeachPack (GUAP/AR) $199,00

PFS:
IBM

Access $79.99

Rle/Grapti (ea.) $79,99

Report $74,99

Plan $79,99

Write/Proof Combo $79,99

PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE

Wordplus-PC w'Boss $249,00

ROSESOFT

Prokey $69 99

THE SOFTWARE CROUP

Enable $339,00

SATELLITE SYSTEMS

Word Perfect 4,0 $219 00

Accounting SORCIMflUS

AP/AR/GUINV/OE (ea,) $295,00

SuperCalc III,,, $195,00

EasyWriter It System $196.00

Super Project $195,00

SPI SOFTWARE

Open Access $379,00

THOUOHTWARE

Trigger $289,00

Sell. Sell. Sell

Training $299,00

Application ,,.,. $179,00

TLB

$519,00

Safari (7300) CALL

6300 CALL

corona

PPC4Q0 Dual Portable $1289,00

PPCXT 10 meg Portable $1989,00

PC40022 Dual Desktop. $1389.00

PC400-HD2 10 meg $1989.00 |

TTT

ITT X-TRA -'"'■■'•

256K. 2 Dnve System CALL I

256K,10 meg Hard Drive System CALL

XP5. 20 meg CALL |

4^SANVO

MBC 560-g Single Drive $699,00 I

MBC 555-2 Dual Drive $969,00

MBC 511 10 meg $1799,00

MBC 675 Portable CALL

MBC 880 Desktop CALL |

PC-158-21 Single Desktop CALL

PC-158-S2 Dual Desktop CALL

PC-t68-53 10 meg Desktop CALL

PC-161-21 Single Portable .„CALL

PC-l61-5a Dual Portable CALL

Z-200 (AT) CALL j

171 (Portable) .^„„CALL

138 (Transportable) .^ CALL |

148 (DeskTop) ,K^ CALL

MULTIFUNCTION CARDS

/isr

Six Pack Plus $239,00

Mega Plus II 3269.00

I/O Plus I! $139.00

Advantage-AT $399,00

Graph Pak /64K $599,00

IkloncGraph Plus $399,00

Preview Mono 5299,00

PC Net Cards $379,00

5251/11 On-line $669,00

5251(12 Remote $579,00

3780 Emulation Card $639,00

IRMA 3270 5879,00

IHMA Print $999 00

EOge Card $299,00

Color Card (Graphics Edge) $299,00

Magic Card II $179,00

HERCULES

Graphics $299,00

Color,. $159,00

IffiAsJOcitites

IDEAmax - ZPR. 64K, C, S, P,$229,00

IDEAminimax - MPR 128K $229,00

IDEA 5251 $699,00

MTLEX

The Chairman $479,00

PARADISE

Modular Graphics Card $279.00

Multi Display Card $229.00

Five Pack C, S $159,00

Bob Board ,,$389.00

Captain - 64 $199.00

Captain Jr. 12BK $279.00

Graphics Master $469.00

Quadpon-AT $119.00

Quadmeg - AT (128K) $349.00

The Gold Ouadboard... $449.00

The Silver Quadboard $239.00

Expanded Quadboard $219,00

Quad 512 + $229,00

Liberty ,...,,,$309,00

QuadSprint $499,00

OuadLink $399, CX)

Ouadcolor 1 $199,00

QuadJr, Expansion Chassis $469,00

Expansion Chassis Memory $199,00

Chronagrapfi $79,99

Parallel Interface Board $64,99

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A3

Program 3: Apple Balloon
Crazy

Version by Tim Victor, Editorial

Programmer

For inslrucfions on entering this listing, please

refer to the "Apple MLX" article elsewhere in

this issue

START ADDRESS:
END ADDRESS:

S000
BOS'?

8001?:

20

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The player

is just

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collec-

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47
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tion of balloons in

this game

of Appl

e

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69

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8400:

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69

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81

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20

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20

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89

20

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18

69

02

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90

05

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B2

S4B0:

89

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BD

69

80

20

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4E

B200:

82

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07

BD

81

BD

AD

92

84BS:

B6

20

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87

A2

03

AD

4D

CC

56 COMPUTEl December 1985

HOW TO GET

OVER $2000 WORTH OF NEW

CAPABILITIES FOR YOUR

COMMODQ

OR $599

The Spartan '" is the Apple'" II - emulator for your Commodore 64"" that will open

up a whole new world of hardware and software for you! Imagine adding these
features to your Commodore 64'' for the Spartan'' price of S599: ~ Apple'' II *
hardware and software capabilities ~ 64K RAM e^ipansion ~ four
software selectable Commodore 64'" cartridge slots ~ non-dedicated 8-bit
parallel port ~ standard audio cassette deck capabilities for your C-64''.
The suggested retail value of comparable products offering only these
capabilities is over 52200,00* — but the Spartan'" gives you much, much
morel By building on your investment in your Commodore 64'" — an
excellent introductory computer — you create a v/hole new system
\Aflth both C-64"" and Apple'" II - capabilities. There is a whole other
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■OR IN = OPWA 'ON 7/rr'IT

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•utsncmnt-K»too^r\ US Itnet *«<gM«ns torn notineijssc. vwu* suson-sd-s'q esj .•=*»
p«- ::/wat fngnuloouna CommeaewM'' onaCemmaoe^<Cfloa^»ogy^5'»is'

re oiKBioiiim ■«« CoBirxxJo* s«Bescr«j w *ep«e Cemcoiw Vic. Trie Sponon ■• ii

TO ORDER CALL

1-800-MODULAR

{663-8527J

S4C0:

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80

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Program 4: IBM PC/PCjr
Balloon Crazy

Version by Charles Brannon,
Program Editor

For instructions on entering tnis listing, please
refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Progfoms" publisfied tjimonthly in compute!.

KL 100 'Balloon Crazy for IBM PC
/PCjr requires BA5ICA, Co
lor Graptiics adapter, and
one joystick

OK 110 DEFINT A-Z;RAt'tDOMIZE TIME
R;D1M BPt (31 ,M0BJ<452) ,X(
49) ,Y(49!

D.= 120 DF=10:' ctiange d-f to a sm
aller number for a greate
r ctial 1 enge

10 130 SCREEN 1: COLOR 9,0: KEY OF
F:STRIG ON: : PLAY "mf":CLS

flD 140 BOSUB 2a0:X=100:HP=!64:EY
=>Y+22

;e 150 TX=3:LX=134:SKEWI=2.27:SP
!=4:LIVES=-4

IE 160 GQSUB 740:PRINT"BftLLDDN C
R A Z V '"jLOCATE 9, 10:P
RINT"/":LDCATE 8, lliPRINT
"Do you need":LOCATE 9,11
;PRINT"tD ad j List- : LOCATE
10, 1 l:PRINT"yoi-'r joystick
?":UJHILE INKEY«<>"":WEND

EI 170 At=INKEY4: IF AS=" " AND ST
RIB(n=0 THEN 170 ELSE IF
<ASC(A*+CHR*(0n OR 32)=
121 THEN GD5UB 600

KE 180 CLS:PRIt>IT"BALLaDN C R A Z
Y !":LaCATE I , 25: PR INT"S
core: "; BC '

B« 190 FOR 1 = 158 TO 174 STEP B: P
UT( t,0) , TlNY:NEXT:GaSUB 3
50

« 200 FOR ROW=20 TO 80 STEP 20:
FOR CDL=45 TO 255 STEP 15
:PUT (COL, ROW) , BALL: NEXT
COL, ROM

il 210 PUTtX, Y),MAN:BET (X,Y)-(X
+21,EY),M0BJ

CN 220 IF BP<0 THEN GOSUB 3S0: GD
TO 180 ELSE BY=BP*20+20:T
•=BP*(BP) :PTR=.5+RND(1) «L
EN(T«) :BX=<ASC(riID4(T*,PT
R) ) -64 )» 15+30: T«=LEFT*(TS
,PTR-n+MID*(T«,PTR+l) : BP
«(BP)=T*:IF T«="" THEt^ BP
=BP-1

J6 230 PUT(BX,BY) ,BALL:BY=BY+SP■
:PUT<BX,BY) .BALL: IF BYMB
0 THEN 440

tl 240 IF ABS(BY-HP)<SP' THEN IF

ABS( (BX-7)-X><DF THEN Y=

Y-13!PUT(BX,BY) ,BftLL:PUT(

The main character in IBM PC/PCjr
"Balloon Crazy" is a humorous clown.

X+7,Y>, BALL, PSET: SOUND 30
000, 1:GET(X,Y)-(X+21,EY) ,
MDBJ : HP=HP- 1 3: FLDATERS=FL
0ATERS+l:SP!=SP!+.5: IF FL
0ATERS=7-BP THEN GOSUB 38
0:BDTD 210 ELSE 220

FS 250 PUT(X, Y> ,MOBa:NX= (STICK (0
)-TX) tSKEW : X=NX: IF NX-;0
THEN X=0 ELSE IF NX>297 T
HEN X=297

KE 260 PUT<X, Y),f10BJ

OS 270 GOTO 230

PD 280 READ XS, YS: E= (4-HNT ( ( XS+7
)/a)*YS)/2:DIM MAN(E):MAN
(0)=XS:MAN(1)=YS:FOR 1-2
TO E:READ MAN ( I ) : NEXT: Y=2
00-YS:MY=Y

HF 290 READ XS, YS: E;» (4+ INT C CXS+7
)/a)»YS)/2:DIM POP(E>:POP
(0)=XS:POP(1)=YS:FGR 1=2
TO E:READ PDP<I):NEXT

HO 300 READ XS,YS:E=(4+INT( (XS+7
)/a) *YS) /2:DIM FALL(E):FA
LL(0)=XS:FALL(1)=YS:FOR I
-2 TO E:READ FALL* I): NEXT

HE 310 READ XS, YS:E=(4+INT( (XG+7
1/8) »YS) /2:D1« BALL(E):BA
LL(0)=XS:BALL(1)=YS:FOR I
=2 TO E:READ BALLdijNEXT

KE 320 READ X5, YS:E=(4-HNT ( iXS+7
)/aH;Y5) /2:DIM XBALL(E):X
BALL (0) =XS: XBALL i 1 ) =YS: FD
R 1=2 TO E:READ XBALLtl):
NEXT

CL 330 READ XS, Y5: E- (4 + INT ( ( XE + 7
)/8)«VS) /2:DIM TINY(E1:TI
NY(0)=XS:TINY(n=YS:FOR I
-2 TO E:REflD T1NY(I):NEXT

HF 340 RETURN

LB 350 BP=3:FQR 1=0 TO BP:BPS(I)
="ABCDEFBHIJKLMND":NEXT

NJ 360 RETURN

JH 370 BOSUB 380: GOTO 220
LE 380 FOR 1 = 1 TO FLOATERS
I- 390 PUT(X,MY) , POP, PSET: PUT (X<-
7,MY-13) , BALL: PUT (X+7,MY-
IB) , XBALU:FOR J=0 TO 5:50
UND 100+J, .5:NEXT:PUT(X+7
,MY-18) , XBALL
CC 400 IF ICFLOATERS THEN PUT(X+
7,Y) ,BALL:PUT(X+7,MY-13) ,
BALL

fL 410 PUT (X, MY) , MAN, PSET: FOR N =
1 TO 5:NEXT:SC!=SCI+10:LO
CATE 1,31: PRINT 5CI:Y=Y+1
3:IMEXT

CH 420 Y=t1Y:BET ( X, Y ) - ( X+21 , EY) ,
MOBJ:PUT (X,Y),MAN

?3 430 SP'-4:HP=164:FLDATERS=0:R
ETURN

ft 440 PUT(BX,BY) ,BALL:PUT(BX,BY
-5) , XBALL: FOR J=0 TO 5: SO
UND 103-J, .5:NEXT:PUT(BX,
BY-5> , XBALL

Eri 450 PUT(X,MY) ,MANiFUT(X,MY),F
ALL

CC 460 IF FLOATERS=0 THEN 510

Lt 470 FOR 1 = 1 TO FLOATERS

01 480 PUT(X+7,MY-13) ,BALL:PUT(X
+7,MY-18) , X8ALL:F0R J=0 T
0 5: SOUND 105-J, . 5: NEXT: P
UT(X+7,MY-18) , XBALL

PF 490 IF KFLQATERS THEN PUT(y +
7, Y),BALL:PUT(X+7,MY-13) ,
BALL

JM 500 FDR W=l TO 5: NEXT: Y=Y+13:
NEXT

FL 510 NY=MY:5--6:F0R I = X+5 TO 2
91 STEP 5;PUT(I-S,NY) ,FAL
L:NY=NY+S:IF NY<MY-18 OR
NY>MY THEN NY=NY-S: S=-S

it 520 PUT (I, NY) , FALL: SOUND 100+
NY, .5:NEXT

HO 530 NX=I-5:F0R I=NY-16 TO 0 S
TEP-16sPUT!NX, 1+16) ,FALL:
PUT(NX, I) ,FALL:SDUND 5000
-I»5,. 1:NEXT

LD 540 PUT (NX, 1 + 16) , FALL

Jn 550 LIVES=LIVES-1:PUT(150+LIV
ES*a,0) ,TINY: IF LIVES>0 T
HEN PUT (X, MY ), MAN: GOSUB 4
20: GOTO 210

on 560 CLS:FOR 1-0 TO 49:X(I)=4 +
15*INT(20*RND(1 ) ) :Y(I )=IB
*INT(10»RND(1) ) :PUT (X(I)
, Yd) ) , BALL, PSET: NEXT

Jfl 570 FOR 1=0 TO 49: PUT ( X ( I > -4
,Y(I) ) ,XBALL,PSET: SOUND 1
00+5*RND( 1 ) , .2:S0UND 3000
0,.2:PUT (X(I)-4,Y(1) ) ,XB
ALL: NEXT

LI 580 LOCATE 12, 16: PR I NT "GAME O
VER": LOCATE 13, 17-LEN (STR
*(SC' ) )/2:PRINT"Score:";S
CliLOCATE 14, 15:PRINT"Pre
ss Button"

OJ 590 A«=INKEY«:IF INKEY1i = "" AN
D STRIG(1)=0 THEN 590 ELS
E RUN

fiP 600 (30SUB 740

JN 610 LOCATE 9, 10: PRINT" /" : LQCA
IE B, ll:PRINT'"MQve stick
to":LOCflTE 9, 1 1 : PRINT"-f ar
le-ft, ": LOCATE 10,11:PRIN
fpress button!"

Jl 620 TX=STICK(0) : IF STRIG(1)<>
0 THEN 640

JI 630 FOR 1=10 TO 0 STEP-!:C=-C
*<C<3)+1:LINE (30+I,40)-(
1,70) ,C:LINE-(30+I, 100) ,C
: NEXT: GOTO 620

QJ 640 PUT(50,63) ,P0P,PSET:PUT(5
7,45), XBALL, PSET:FQR J=l
TO 15:S0UND 100+J , . 5: NEXT

86 650 CLS:PUT (50, 63) , MAN: LOCAT
E 9,10:PRINT"'/":LOCATE B,
lliPRINT "Gimme anQttier":L
OCATE 9, ll:PRINT"balloan!

CJ 660 FOR J = l TO 2000: NEXT

KN 670 PUT (57, 0) , BALL: FOR 1=2 TO

50 STEP 2:WAIT !<H3DA,8:P

UT (57, 1-2) .BALL: WAIT S.H3

DA,B:PUT (57, I ), BALL: NEXT

CE 680 LOCATE 0, 1 1 : PRINT"Move st

ick to ": LOCATE 9, 11:PRIN

T"far right, ": LOCATE 10,1

l:PRINT"press button!"

CB 690 LX=5JLCK(0) : IF STRIG(1)<>
0 THEN 710

BP 700 FOR 1=10 TO 0 STEP-1:C=-C
«(C<3)+1:LINE (2B9-I,40)-
(319-1,70) ,C:LINE-(2a9-I,
100) ,C:NEXT:GOTD 690

nr. 710 FOR 1 = 1 TO 5:PUT (57,45),
XBALL, PSET: PUT (50, 63) , POP
, PSET: FOR J=l TO 4: SOUND
100+J, .S:NEXT:PUT(57,50) ,

E:>ecember 1985 COMPUTEI 5P

BftLL,PSET: PUT (50,63) .MAN,
PSET:FOR J-=l TO 100sNEXT:
NEXT

NO 720 SKEW'=297/ABS(LX-TX)

UK 730 RETURN

PC 740 CLS:PUT(0,63) ,MflN:PUT (57
,0), BALL: FOR 1=2 TO 50 ST
EP 2: PUT (37, 1-2) , BALL: PU
T (57, I) ,BALL:PUT (1-2,63
), MAN: PUT ( I , 63) , MAN, P3ET
:NEXT;RETURN

rtft 750 DATA I<H2C, J<H17,«<H0,!<H5,«<H
0,*iH0,8!H4015,S.HO

FD 760 DATA S,H0, S.H5055, S<H0, !<H0, !<
H30CF,S,H0,5.H300,i.HCC3

JJ 770 DATA S<Hiil,?.H^0ia,J<HACAA,;;H0
, !<H0, ;,HA0Ai;l, !<H0, S.H0

Ir 780 DATA !<HB02A,5iH0,!-H0,J;HF,E.
H0, StHE00, S<HEEEE, S^HCv.'

i'. 790 DATA S<HFB00, S<HBBBB , !<HEr0 , J-
HC003 , S-HE0EE , 5.H3C , J.HF , tHO

DH B00 DATA J/HF,aiHFF,J<HC02E, !,HFij

0F, MH0, !<H4015, J,H0, StHS
6J B10 DATA S<HA0Ah. !<H0,E<H0,iHO!?ft

A, a<H0, SiH200, iHftBA0, {.HC
rl a2K* DATA !iH200,:<HAaA0,iH0,&HA
00, S.H2AB0, S.H0, !.HA37, ^H::A3
0
as 830 DATA !<HC00D,S<HDADD,!,:H3AC0
,E(H7077,S<H7737,!<HlD40,«i!-lC
0DD,S<HAB00
Sr B40 DATA S<H2C,!<H17,&Ha0i;i,&H5,

&H0 , 8.HA000 , S1H40 1 5 , t<H0

:6 850 DATA I.HB003, 5<H5055, J<H0, !.H

C003 , J<HC3, S<H6I, IiH30F, S;H3CC

F

I:H B60 DATA S<H0, S.H30F, SiHACAA, S.H0

, 8.HC003, E<HA0A0, !.Hfl, !<HF303

U 870 DATA EiH802A, !<H0,E.HF-C00,;iH

F, SiH0, SiH2E00, &HEEEE , ^HC0
CN 880 DATA 5<HB00, .!-HBBBB, SiHBC, StH

0, &HE0EE, ?<HFF , «<H0, J<HB03B
EC 890 DATA !<HF,S<H0,!<HC02E,S<HC00

3 , {<H0 , !iH40 1 5 , t<HC003 , J.H0
SC 900 DATA !<HA0AA,S<HC000,S<H0,3.H
A0AA , &H0 , S.H200 , &HA8A0, J<H0
F! 910 DATA &H200, S<HABA0, S<H0, S.HA
00, S<H2Aa0, !<H0, !,HA37, !<HZAB
0
flft 920 DATA !!HC00D,t<HDADD,E'H3AC0
, S.H7077 , S(H7737 , t<H 1 D40, !,HC
0DD,!<HAB00
PB 930 DATA S.H3B, !tH16, !<H0, ;<H0, J<H

0,!<H0,SiH0,8iH0
EE 940 DATA S.H0, &H0, ?iHl400, !<H0, Jc

H0.5<H0.!<H55.!iH0
DB 950 DATA !iH0, !<H55F 1 , S.H4F, :,H0,
!iHF303, !iHCF3C, SiHC0, !<HF00
HK 960 DATA S.HF30C, S<HF0F0 , !<H0, E.H
F3C , SiHF0AA , 5<H3C , StH3C0a, !<H
820E
HN 970 DATA J<H3CB0,!<H0,!<H23F,!<Hg
028, !<HFC, !<HF00 , !<HFFC0 , J^HF
003
BL 9B0 DATA &H0, !<HFB03, !<HBFBB, SiH

0,&H0, J.HEE3E, 5.HEC, 8.H0
GJ 990 DATA S<H300, !<He0BB, S.H0, SiH0

, SiHEE00, &lH0, S.H7700, «<H0
FS 1000 DATA &HBB,5<HDD00,!<HC01D,
5.H5500, S.H300, {<H774, !,HA24
0,!<HaAAA
LG 1010 DATA t<HD001,!<HE201,!iHAAA
A, S.HBBAA, &H40, {<HAA7A, S<HA
AAA.SiHAD
BC 1020 DATA S<HlA00,S<Ha20A,!<HA4A
0,!cH0,!<H4,&H0,!<H10,!<HA00
2
NJ 1030 DATA !<H14,!.HD,?,:HA8Cl2,!iH2
A00 , !.HB0BE , J,H AF AA , .?,HAAAP
, J,HA0AF
IW 1040 DATA 8,HAFAA,S<HAAA0,!iHA0A
F, SiHAE2A, S.H2A80, 5<Ha0AA, &
HAA0A,S.H200

60 COMPUTE! December 1965

HH 1050 DATA S<HAB,S<HA000,!<H0,5<H4

0,S.Hl,S,H200,tiHAa
Q- 1060 DATA S<H26,!,H12,S<H2k)20,!<H

20, !<H0, !,H2800, J.H0, hH0
K- 1070 DATA SiH2a2B, !.Ha00,S,H2028

, SrHAB, 8<H2A00, !,HA002, !<H2a

,!<H8202
J* 10B0 DATA trH20Ba, S,H202,SiHA80,

5(H2000 , ttH0 , 1!<HB , !<HA000 , S<H

A0aa

"i 1090 DATA !.H3,^Ha02a,!<H2BB0,t.

H0, 8<HBBA2, !<HAA0, 1<H200,!<H

B0BA
-5 1100 DATA !<HA000,!.H2800,SiH0,!<

H2000, &H0, S.H200 , 5.HB000 , !-

H0
SN 1110 DATA S<H80A,?.HA0,!<H400,&H

2000 , !<H0 , !'H 1 0 , 5<H0 , S<H0
JE 1120 DATA !<HE,!<Hfi,!-Hl,!!HC00F,

S(HC00E , !<H3 ,, 5.HB03B , S.HCCCE
tt 1130 DATA !<HI,S,H800A,;,-HA02B,;,

H145a,S<H30CF

L E '■ K L : 4

i

IIMIllllUIIIMIIUIIIIIIllll.Ui

"Balloon Crazy" for the TI-99/4A can
be played with the keyboard or a
joystick.

Program 5: TI-99/4A
Balloon Crazy

Version by Patrick Parrish,
Programming Supervisor

90 REn REQUIRES EXTENDED

BASIC
100 GOTO 140
110 CALL DELSPRITE (#2) : ;

120

130
140

150
160

170

CA
,0
CA

S
( 1
E

CA
) :
DI

AG

CA

03

20

90

RE

FO

8

07

T

CA
RE

hp
4

LL H
,0) :
LL K
T = 0
,H,V
H= (K
LL M
: RE
M DR
RAND
NIFY
LL C
0103
F04a
S0B0
M SK
R 1 =
: : C
C7C7
I

: ME
KHAR
LL C
EN ( 1
'■,9)
STEP

OTION (
: BETU
EY (0, K
THEN C
) : : H =
=83) - (
OTION (
TURN
OP (2) ,

OMi ze

(4 )

HAR ( 1 3
070B0B
000800
808080
ATEBOA
96 TO
ALL CH
038100

LEVEL
N = 3 : :

100
LEAR :
6) : : A
: : FOR

23 : :

«I , 0, 0,#3

RN

, ST) : : IF

ALL JOYST

SSN (H) ELS

K = 68!

#1,0, 60*H

KOLDR (2) :
: : CALL M

6 , "030303
0B0702020
000B0C0A0
F020" ) : :
RD MAN
112 STEP
AR ( I , "003
0"):! NEX
, SC, SC2*0
R0W=41 :

: CALL EC
*=«RPT« ( " '
1=1 TD 2
DISPLAY

AT ( I , 1 ) : A* : : NEXT I

180

DISPLAY AT ( 10, 8) : "B A

L L 0 0 N" : : DISPLA

Y AT (13, 9): "C R A Z Y

I " : : A=3 : : B=5 : :

C = 7

190

FOR 1=1 TD S0 : : CALL

C0L0R(9, A, 1 , 10,B, 1, 1

1 ,C, 1 ) : : TEMP = A : : A =

B • : B=C : : C=TEMP : :

IF 1=30 THEN CALL SP

RITE (#1 , 136, 14, 150, 1 ,

0,31)

200

NEXT I : : CALL DELSPR

ITE («1 ) : : CALL CLEAR

: : 6DSUB 490

210

DROP (0) =15 : : DROP (1 )

=20 : : DROP (2) =25

220

CALL CLEAR : : LEVEL=L

EVEL+1 : : BALL=24 : :

BOSUB 570

230

DISPLAY AT ( 1 ,6) : "LEVE

L: ";LEVEL : : DISPLAY

AT (1, 17) : "SCORE: " :SC

240

FOR R=3 TO 6 : : FOR C

=4 TO 29 STEP 5 : : CA

LL HCHAR (R, C, 96+INT(R

ND*3) tB) ; : NEXT C : :

NEXT R

250

CALL HCHAR (24, 1 , 122,3

2) : : CALL SPRITE (#1,1

36, 14, 150, 1 15, 0,H)

260

BALL=BALL-1 : : IF BAL

L<0 THEN 410

270

BR=6 : : BC=4+INT (RND*

6) *5

280

GOSUB 120 : ; CALL GCH

AR (BR, BC, BT) : : IF BT=

32 THEN BR=BR-1 : : IF

BR=2 THEN 270 ELSE 2

80

290

POINT= (BT-96) /a : : CA

LL HCHAR (BR, BC,32) : :

CALL SPRITE («2, KHAR, K

OL OR (POINT) ,R0W-(6-BR

)*B,0*(BC-2)-2,DRDP(P

QINT) ,0)

300

GOSUB 120 '. : CALL COI

NC (»1 ,#2, 15,C) : : IF C

THEN 340

310

CALL P0SITiaN(*(2, BROW

,BCOL>:-. IF BR0W<155

THEN 300

320

CALL POSITION (4tl , MROW

, MCOL) : : IF CBCOL-MCD

L< 16> » (BCQL-MCDL>-a) T

330

340

550

360
370

380

390
400

410

HEN C=l ! : GOTO 340
GOSUB 110 :: MEN=MEN-
1 : : CALL DELSPRITE (#
3) : : GOSUB 560 : : IF
MEN=0 THEN 430 ELSE 4
00

BOSUB 110 :: SC2=SC2+
(POINT+1 ) «LEVEL»5 ::
SC=SC+(P0INT+1 ) *LEVEL
*5

IF SC2>=1000 THEN MEN
= MEN+1 + (MEN = 3) : : SC2 =
0 : : GOSUB 570
IF C=0 THEN 400
CALL POSITION (« 1 , MROW
, MCOL) : : CALL SPRITE (
#3, 100, 14, lis, MCOL)
FOR 1=1 TO 50 : : NEXT
I : : CALL SPRITE ( tt 1 ,
140, 14, MROW, MCOL)
CALL SPRITE (*t3, 124, 14
CALL HCHAR ( 1 , 3+MEN, 32
) : : DISPLAY AT I 1 , 12) :
LEVEL; : : DISPLAY AT ( 1
, 23) : SC; : : GOTO 260
FOR G=300 TO 1200 STE

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for Commodore 128 and 64

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Makes professional

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S39.95

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ij»fc»l Tjw i.-^' NiB— "nM Sm

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Call now for the name of your nearest dealer. To
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software and books also available - ask for free
catalog. Add $4.00 for shipping per order.
Foreign orders add $12.00 per item. Dealer
inquires welcome - more than 1200 dealers
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YOU CAN COUNT ON

Abacus liiii Softvvare

P.O. Box 721 1 Grand Rapids, Ml 4951 0
For Fast Service Phone (616) 241-5510

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(Also available for the Atari 8001

Here Is what the experts say:

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CONVERSE WITH
YOUR COMPUTER

AT LAST! A FULL IMPLEMENTATtOH of Ihe orisinal ELIZA program

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Created at MIT m 1966. ELIZA has become ihe world's most

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non-directive psychotherapist who analyzes each siaiement as you

typ^ii m and then responds wilh hero wncornmeni or question— and

her femarks are oHen amaimgiy approprnatei

Designed to ruri on a la'ge mainf/am&. ELIZA has never before been

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versions ^acksng^riie soph!Siica!fon wnich made tf>e original ptogTam

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Now. Du r new pe rsonai compute- wersion possessJJigihe FULL power

and range ol eipression ol the origir^al is being otlered at Ihe

iniroductory price o(only$45 And toletyoufindouthow she does il

(or leach her to do more) we have included the complete SOURCE

PROGRAM (wriiienm BASIC) ai no e*lra cost

O^der you r copy of ELIZA today and you il never again wonder how 10

respond when you titar sorrecne sa^ 'Okay, lei's see what this

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READ WHAT THE EXPERTS SAY ABOUT OUR VERSION OF EUZA:

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"ELIZA isan asloundmg pieteol software A fascmaimg program to
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"ELI2A IS a great way to introduce yojrfnends to computers . A very
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"ELIZA «fi an exceplional program, one that's fun to use. shows oti
your machine, and has great historical interest "

-POPULAR COMPVTtUG MAGAZINE
"This version Ol ELIZA is the besi we have seen. As a party game, il is
unmaiched" -HOME APPLICATIONS fOfllHE C-64

ELIZA IS AVAILABLE IN THE FOLLOWING FORMATS:
' IBM PC PC|r , PC-XTanOaitcompalibles
■All Apple II computers{il. 11 Plus. ile. lie;
' AppEe Macintosli IMicrosoll BASIC required)

■ COfnmodO'e 54 (specify disk or cassette)

■ 5'/. inch or S inch disk lor all CP/ M Systems

All versions sreS^S and mciude a six page users manual

Please add $2 DO shippirg and haridi 1 ng to all orders

(Califarn la residents please add 6'^*^ sales tat]

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH GROUP

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[2i3)656-;36£ {2i3ieS4-22I4

MC. VISA and :riecks acceoted

And your Earls and Viscounts. If youVe
got royal ancestors, we have the noble
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Family Roots and your Apple, IBM,
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Put up

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to most disk drives,
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You get more utility
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A comprehensive
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All for just $185.

Write or call today
for more infor-
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Lexington, MA 02173
(617) 641-2930

American Express,
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gladly accepted.

• T^oderrjartis for Apple
Computer Inc., fntemalional
Business Machinti. CBM. Inc.
and Digital Heseorcii

420
430
440

450

460
470

480
490

500

510
520

530

540

550

560

570

P 10
0, G,
R I
="DRO
CALL

SOT
CALL
SOH
CALL
CALL

AT (

., .g

1,5)

S

DISP
Y AG
CCEP
ALIO
) : RE
IF R
CALL
-3 :
: : G
REM
CALL

,1.1

14,1

FOR

KDLO

DATA

CALL

0000

3010

0080

REM

CALL

0000

0010

0000

REM
CALL
0301
20F0
8080
EM M
N

CALL
3810
4949
RN
FDR
: : C
,F) :
N

CALL
N) : :

0 : :

1 ) : :
0 TO
P ( I )

DEL
□ 22

SCR
S TH

DEL

CLE
B, 5)
C : :

"HI

LAY
AIN
T AT
ATE (
P«
EPt =

SCR
: LE
OTO
SET

CDL
1,7,
)

J = 0
R ( J >

5,3

CHA
0000
0000
C0C0
BALL

CHA
0000
0000
4000

BAL

CHA
0307
490D
B080
AN P

CAL
NEX

2 t
+ 2 :
SPRI
0

EEN (
EN H
SPRI
AR :
: "YD

DIS
QH 3

AT ( 1
( Y/N
(It,
"NYn

"N"
EEN <
VEL,
210
COLD
OR (9
1. 12

TO 2

: : N

,7

R ( 10

0000

0000

C0B0

DON

R (12

0001

0000

4000

LDON

R ( 14

0B0B

0909

8080

GPPI

L SaUND(S
T G : : FD
: DROP ( I )
: NEXT I
TE (ALL) : :

II):: IF
S = SC
TE («1 ) : :
: DISPLAY
UR SCORE:
PLAY AT t 1
CORE: ";H

6,5): "PLA
) •:> " : : A

24)BEEP V
y " ) S I Z E ( 1

THEN STOP
16) : : MEN
SC, SC2=0

RS
,5,1,10,3

,13,1, 13,

: : READ
EXT J

0 , "000000
030707070
000000000

0000" ) : :

4, "00
00040
00000
00000

POPP

a, "03

0B070
010A0

F20" )
NG BA

0000

1040

0000

" ) : :

ING

0303

2020

C080

: : R

LLOO

CHAR ( 12
3B7CBA" ,
49494949

F=0 TO 2

ALL SQUN
NEXT F

HCHAR ( 1
RETURN

a, "3a3C38
122, "4949
" ) : : RETU

5 STEP 5
D (-200, -5
: : RETUR

, 3, 128, ME

To receive

additional

information from

advertisers in

this issue, use

the handy reader

service cards in

the back of
the magazine.

COMMODORE

^-128
INTERNALS

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ns'FE:

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d

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Abflcu:

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CP/M
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A delallad guide pmwriing th« 1 28rs

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T^iis tiooli is Chock lull o1 Mormation

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covers memofy managemenl, pro-
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An insiders' guide )or the novice and

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An essential guide to using CP/M on
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...and a sensational selection of

CX)MIVIODORE 64 BOOKS

The Anatomy of the C-64 Science & Engineering on C-64

For two years a best seller, C-64 Intro to computers and the world of
internals w/ROM listings. $19.95 science. Real examples, $19.95

Tricks and Tips for the C-64

Favorite among programmers.
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Peelcs and Poltes for the C-64

Quickhitting, easy-to-use routines
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The Anatomy of the 1541

Revised, expanded edition. De-
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1541 Repair & Maintenance

Brand new! Keep your 1541 Disk
Drive in top shape. $ 1 9 .95

Advanced Machine Language

Techniques never covered before,
interrupts, controllers, etc. $14.95

Printer Book for the C-64 & Vic

All about using various printers.
Graphics, text, interfaces. $19.95

C-128 Computer Aided Design

CAD techniques using C-128/C-64.
Many program examples. $19.95

Compiler Doslgn/lmpiementatlon Cassette Book for the '64 & Vic

Learn to design and write your own A must for cassette owners. High
compilers. A how-to book. $19.95 speed cassette system. $19.95

The Graphics Book for the C-64

Most in depth treatment available.
Dozens of techniques. $19.95

The Machine Language Book

Intro to machine language geared
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Adventure Gamewr iters Hndbk

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Ideas for Use on Your C-64

Dozens of interesting projects for
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Call now for the name of your nearest dealer. To
order by credit card call 616/241-5510. Other
software and books also available - ask for free
catalog. Add $4,00 for shipping per order.
Foreign orders add $8.00 per book. Dealer
inquires wetoome - 1200-t- dealers nationwide.

Abacus SSoftware

P.O. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, Ml 49510
For fast service phone 616/241-5510
Telex 709-101

From the publishers of COMPUTE!

January 1986
COMPUTE! Disk

All the exciting programs from the past three issues of COMPUTE! are on
one timesaving, error-free floppy disk that is ready to load on your Com-
modore 64 or 128 running in 64 mode. The January 1986 COMPUTE! Disk
contains the entertaining and useful Commodore programs from the
November and December 1985 and January 1986 issues of COMPUTE!.
This easy-to-use disk also features SpeedCalc, the spectacular new spread-
sheet program written entirely in machine language for the Commodore 64,
and the latest version of SpeedScript, the bestselling word processing
program.

The January 1986 COMPUTE! Disk costs $12.95 plus $1.00 shipping and
handling and is available only from COMPUTE! Publications.

For added savings and convenience, you may also subscribe to the COM-
PUTE! Disk. At a cost of only $39.95 a year (a $12.00 savings), you'll receive
four disks, one every three months. Each disk will contain all the programs
for your Commodore machine from the previous three issues of COMPUTE!.

This is an excellent way to build your software library while you enjoy the
quality programs from COMPUTE!.

Disks and subscriptions are also available for Apple, Atari, and IBM per-
sonal computers. Call for details.

For more information or to order the January 1986 COMPUTE! Disk, call
toll free 800-334-0868 (in NC 919-275-9809] or write COMPUTE! Disk, P.O.
Box 5058, Greensboro, NC 27403.

COMPUTE! Publications.lnc.fi

One of me ABC Publis^irg Companies

Jim Butterfield, Associate Editor

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£RbKC^d Mode.^ PGi/i' (disfe onl^)- aivd Tr-9Q/4^ unt^ _^

gxte,Kd£d 'EASlO (disk OK tape).

"Memo Diary" helps you record
and recall birthdays, holidays, ap-
pointments, or any other event
worth remembering. The program
maintains a data file with as many
as 100 events whose dates can
range from tomorrow to one year in
the future. You can record two dif-
ferent types of dates: temporary,
one-time events such as appoint-
ments which have no importance
once they have passed; and perma-
nent, recurring events such as birth-

days and anniversaries. By
routinely running Memo Diary
each time you use your computer,
you'll no longer have to worry
about forgetting to mail a birthday
card to a relative or finding an anni-
versary gift for a spouse.

The program always shows the
correct day of the week when you
enter a date, and you need to enter
the year only once — the very first
time you run the program. After
that (for the next 99 years, anyway)

Memo Diary keeps track of the year

for you. Each time you run the pro-
gram, it automatically shows all
due and overdue events on the
screen or printer, and erases one-
time events from the calendar after
they're displayed.

You can enter temporary or re-
curring new events and erase exist-
ing events whenever you wish. You
can also examine all events from
the current date forward, or search
the entire calendar for events
matching a given starting pattern.
Finally, Memo Diary saves your
calendar either on disk or tape.

Typing The Program

We've listed Memo Diary in the
form of one main program that con-
tains common routines (Program
1), followed by line changes for
each different computer. No matter
which computer you're using,
you'll need to type in Program 1
plus the modifications for your ma-
chine. However, before typing any-
thing, cross out every line in
Program 1 that has the same line
number as a line in the listing for
your specific computer. The idea is
to eliminate duplicate lines from
the main program; they're replaced

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Foi use with botn Atari
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by lines from the version for your
computer. For example, if you're
using an Atari, you would cross out
line 150 in Program 1, because
there's already a line 150 in the
Atari listing (Program 3).

After crossing out duplicate
lines in Program 1, type in the list-
ing for your computer. Once that's
done, type in every line of the Pro-
gram 1 that's not crossed out. Be
sure to save a copy of the program
and read the instructions before
running it.

The first time you run Memo
Diary is special. Do not staii Ihe
program by entering RUN. For every
version except Atari you should
type RUN 100 and press RETURN
(or ENTER on the TI and IBM).
Atari users should type CLR:
GOTO 100 and press RETURN. //
you don't do this, tl^e program will
7iot work correctly. When you start
the program at line 100, Memo Diar)'
lets you enter the correct year with-
out looking for a previous file of
events. Thereafter, start the pro-
gram with RUN in the usual way.

On the first run you'll probably
want to enter fixed holidays such as
New Year's Day as well as birth-
days and anniversaries. These are
permanent events that you won't
need to enter year after year. A
holiday like Thanksgiving should
be entered as a one-time event
since it falls on a different date each
year.

When Memo Diary asks you to
enter today's date, you can type in
the name of the month (such as
OCTOBER) or its number (such as
10). In either case, be careful to
enter it correctly. Memo Diary lets
you enter any day of the month
from 1 to 31, so it won't mind if you
specify the date as February 30.
Mistakes like these may confuse the
calendar file. For instance, if you
use the program on July 4 and the
next day mistakenly give the date
as June 5, the computer thinks
you've let almost a whole year go
by. To warn you of this. Memo
Diary displays HAPPY NEW
YEAR. If you see this message
when a new year hasn't arrived,
stop the program and start over,
entering the correct date.

A Memory Jogger

Except for the very first run, Memo
Diary always begins by reporting

all due and overdue events ("You
just missed your anniversary").
Take careful note of these events,
since they'll soon be erased from
the calendar (if they're temporary
events) or moved ahead to next
year (if they're permanent). To help
jog your memory. Memo Diary also
lets you make a copy of the list of
events on your printer.

After disposing of due and
overdue events. Memo Diary dis-
plays five options: You can see fu-
ture events, add a new event, cancel
an event, search for an event, or
quit the program. You'll ordinarily
want to look ahead to see what's
coming in the next week or two. To
do this, choose Option 1 (see future
events) and supply an appropriate
future date when requested. If you
enter the current date when looking
at future events, Memo Diary as-
sumes you mean the same date next
year and gives you evervthing on
file.

When you want to make a new
entry, select Option 2 (add new
event). First Memo Diary asks
whether the new event is one-time
or permanent. Then it lets you enter
the date and details. Again, the cur-
rent date is understood as one year
from today (it's assumed you don't
need to record an event that's hap-
pening the same day).

To cancel an event (Option 3),
you must know its date. When an
event is entered, you're shown
every item scheduled for that date,
each with its own code number. To
cancel an event, type in its code
number when prompted.

Option 4 (search for event) lets
you search for an event based on
the first few letters of the entry. You
may find many events in the course
of a search. For instance, if the cal-
endar file contains the events CLUB
MEETING, CLUB CONFERENCE,
and CLUB ELECTION, searching
for CLUB displays all three events.
In this case you would not see the
entry CANADIAN CLUB, since
CLUB is spotted only if it's in the
first word of the entry. Thus, if you
plan to search for certain keywords
(BIRTHDAY, CHURCH, SOFT-
BALL, or whatever) keep them at
the front of each calendar entry.

After you've finished an op-
tion. Memo Diary always returns
you to the main menu. Sooner or
later you'll be ready to use Option 5

(quit). The program knows when
it's time to update the calendar file.
If you've erased past and overdue
events, added or deleted items.
Memo Diary will — with your per-
mission— proceed to update the
data file on disk or tape.

The Time Pivot

A program that handles dates can
encounter some subtle paradoxes.
Does August come before April, or
after it? The correct answer is both.
Memo Diary could resolve this dif-
ficulty by adding a year designation
to every event, but that complicates
the handling of permanent events,
which don't belong to a specific
year. This is not a trivial problem: If
you schedule a new event for
August, the program must decide
whether to add the event to the
calendar ahead of an existing April
event, or after it. Without a year
designation, how can anyone tell?

The problem is solved by using
a pivot date, usually the same as the
current date. If today is July 4,
August does indeed come before
April. On the other hand, if today is
November 11, April comes before
August. Since the calendar always
looks one year into the future,
everything is kept in order.

However, there's one case in
which the pivot date can't be the
current date. Each time the program
begins, it must measure the time
lapse since its last use. For example,
say that you last used the program
on August 20, 1985 and next use it
on September 4, 1985. On the first
run (August 20) Memo Diary uses
August 20 as the pivot. That way an
event dated September 1 is seen
ahead of another item dated in
October.

On the second run (September
4) the September 1 event is report-
ed as past due and either erased
from the calendar (if it's temporary)
or moved ahead to September 1 of
next year (if it's permanent). Once
this is done, the pivot date moves
forward to September 4, meaning
that a September 1 event now be-
longs after an item dated in Octo-
ber. Don't worry if this sounds
confusing: It works out more sim-
ply in practice than in theory.

The day of the week is worked
out with a simple formula. If you
haven't seen it before, here's a hint
on how it works. The calendar is

68 COMPUTEI December 1 985

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modified to make March 1 the first
day of the "adjusted year." This
way, leap year with its extra Febru-
ary 29 date doesn't break up the
sequence of days: The extra leap
day just gets pasted onto the year's
end. Though the math is a bit con-
voluted, you may find it interesting
to trace the logic of this routine (it
starts at line 2150).

Expanding The Calendar

Memo Diary can keep track of a
maximum of 100 events. In practice
it's wise to limit the number to 80 or
90 to leave room for permanent
events that move automatically
from the front to the back of the list.
If you need more than 100 events,
change the L$ value in the DIM
statement. Line 150 contains the
value L$(100). You can increase the
100 to whatever number you like,
but don't get carried away. Since
Memo Diary (except the Atari ver-
sion) uses string arrays, a very large
value may cause garbage collection
delays. There's no particular limit
to the number of events allowed for
a particular date.

Program Notes

Let's take a look at the program's
major features. Line 90 prepares
Memo Diary to read a file. The vari-
able F is a Boolean (logical) variable
that's defined as true here, to let
you read the calendar file on a nor-
mal run. When you enter at line 100
on the first run, F is false (like every
other undefined variable) and no
file is read.

DATA statements in lines
110-140 hold the names of the
months of the year and days of the
week; the names are read into the
arrays M$ and W$. Line 150 dimen-
sions the L$ array for 100 items.
Lines 230-250 call for a reading of
the calendar file if appropriate. This
is done in the subroutine at line
3010. When Memo Diary reads this
file, it detects and reports the last
date the file was used. Line 260
asks for today's date; the subrou-
tine at line 1670 asks for and ac-
cepts the date.

Now it's time to search for due
and overdue events. Using the pre-
vious date as a pivot, the subroutine
at line 1960 scans for all events up
to today's date. The program re-
ports these events, erases them, or
moves them ahead as needed, and

70 COMPUTEI December 1985

proceeds to the main menu. Line
680 begins a main activity loop: It
prompts with the menu, asks for a
choice, then goes to the appropriate
subroutine. Line 850 lets you see
future events. Since the pivot date
is now today, the program scans to
the requested future date to see
how many events fall into the
today-to-future-date range.

Line 940 lets you add a new
event. After asking ANNUAL OR
ONE-TIME? the program requests
the event's date and then asks for
details. After adding a year desig-
nation to the date of one-time
events, the new event is inserted
into the proper sequence. Line 1210
lets you cancel an event. Memo Di-
ary asks for a date and then lists all
events that match that date. At line
1350, the program asks which
event to delete. Note that the num-
ber you supply must be in the cor-
rect range.

Line 1450 begins the search-
for-an-event routine. After it re-
ceives a search string (PS), the
program looks for a match. When it
scans through the calendar, it must
look in different places depending
on whether the event is one-time or
permanent. That's because one-
time events carry a year designa-
tion, making their dates three
characters longer.

A Horrible Mistake?

Line 1570 handles the quit option;
the flag F9 registers activity. If you
haven't changed any of the data,
there's no need to update the calen-
dar file. Before scratching the old
file and writing the new one, the
program asks whether you're
ready. That way, if you made some
horrible mistake, you can cancel the
file update.

The main loop ends at line
1580 and is followed by several
subroutines. The routine starting at
line 1590 writes a new calendar file
when appropriate, and line 1670
begins the date input routine. The
date is formed into a string (D8$) to
allow for easy searches or entry.
The subroutine at line 1930 reads
the calendar file. The first item in
the file is always the most recent
date of use; the remaining data is
events.

The subroutine at line 1960
scans all events to see which have
dates between the pivot date (D9$)

and a second date (D8$). There are
three dates involved: event, pivot,
and the second date, which makes
the comparison a bit messy. Bool-
ean variables keep everything in
order. Eventually, the variable FO
indicates the date is in range, and
the variable LO indicates when the
last event is found within the date
range.

The routine starting at line
4020 displays the information, on
the printer if desired. (TI users
should change line 4070 to match
their printer configuration.) The
date is given complete with the day
of the week, and events falling on
the same day are grouped together.
The weekday calculation begins at
line 2150. The weekday variable,
W, ranges from 0 to 6, so 0 means
Sunday. As written, this routine is
good for years ranging from 85
(1985) to 84 (2084). If you want to
plan more than 99 years in ad-
vance, youTl need to modify the
routine.

Program 1 : Memo Diary
Main Program

Please refer to instructions in ttie article before
entering ttiis listing

90 F={1=1)

100 GOSUB 2250

110 DATA JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, J

UN
120 DATA JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, D

EC
130 DATA SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY

.WEDNESDAY
140 DATA THURSDAY, FRI DAY, SATUR

DAY
150 DIM M$(12),W9(6),L5(100)
160 FOR J=l TO 12
17 0 READ M?(J)
180 NEXT J
190 FOR J=0 TO 6
200 READ WS(J)
210 NEXT J

220 PRINT "EVENT CALENDAR"
230 IF F=0 THEN 260
240 C=l

250 GOSUB 3010
260 PRINT "TODAY'S DATE:"
270 Y8=Y9
280 GOSUB 1670
290 M8>>H
300 D8=D

310 IF M8>=H9 THEN 330
3 20 y8=Y9+l
330 IF He<>M9 OR D8>=D9 THEN 3

50
340 Y8=Y9+1

350 IF Y8<=y9 THEN 370
360 PRINT "HAPPY NEW YEAR"
3 70 IF F THEN 400
380 PRINT "YEAR"r
390 INPUT Y8
400 D95=RIGHTS(STRS(100+M9),2)

+ "/"
410 D9?=D9$+RIGHT?(STR?(100+D9
),2)

420

430
440

450
460
470

480
490

500

510
520
530
540

550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740

750
760
770

IF F THEN 440

D9?=D8$

P=(l=l)

GOSUB 1960

PRINT "PAST EVENTS: " ;

IP L0> = 0 THEN 500

PRINT "NONE"

GOTO 6 50

PRINT L0+1

GOSUB 4010

F9=-l

FOR J=0 TO L0

IF MID?[L?(J),6,1)="/" THE

K 570

LS(L9)=L5(J)

L9=L9+1

NEXT J

L8=L0+1

FOR J=L8 TO L9-1

L?CJ-L8)=L5(J)

NEXT J

L9=L9-L8

L8=0

L=L9

F=0

F9=0

D9S=.D8?

L=L9-L8

IF LO0 THEN 710

PRINT "NO FUTURE EVENTS"

IF L=0 THEN 730

PRINT L;" FUTURE EVENTS"

PRINT

PRINT

S"

PRINT

PRINT

PRINT

"1. SEE FUTURE EVENT

'2. ADD t?EW EVENT"

'3. CANCEL EVENT"

"4. SEARCH FOR EVENT

"5. QUIT"

.YOUR CHOICE (1-5

780 PRINT
790 PRINT
800 PRINT

)"?
810 INPUT A
820 PRINT
830 ON A GOTO 850,940,1210,145

0,1570
840 GOTO 730

850 PRINT "AHEAD TO DATEi"
855 FL=1
860 GOSUB 1670
865 FL=0
870 GOSUB 1960
875 IF D8$=DO$ THEN L0=L9-1
880 IF L0O-1 THEN 910
890 PRINT "NO EVENTS"
900 GOTO 920
910 GOSUB 4010
920 PRINT L9-L0-1;" OTHER FUTU

RE EVENTS"
930 GOTO 730
940 PRINT "ANNUAL OR ONE-TIME

[SPACE] (A/O)";
950 INPUT P$
960 A=0

970 P?=LEFT$(P5,1)
980 IF P$="0" THEN 1010
990 A=l

1000 IF P5<>"A" THEN 730
1010 GOSUB 1670

1020 Y?='7"+RIGHTSCSTRS(101+YB
),2)

1050 IF AOl THEN 1070

1060 YS=""

1070 GOSUB 1960

1080 IF L9-KL0+1 THEN 1120

1090 FOR J=L9-1 TO L0+1 STEP -

1

1100 LS(J+1)=L?(J)

1110 NEXT J

1120 PRINT "DETAIL":

1130 INPUT LLS

1140 D8?=DaS+Y5

1150 DB5=D8S+" "

1160 L$(L0+l)''DaS + LL5

1170 L9=L9+1

1180 L=L9

1190 F9=~l

1200 GOTO 680

1210 PRINT "CHANGE WHICH DATE:

1220 GOSUB 1670

1230 L0=-1

1240 FOR J=L8 TO L9-1

1250 IF D8$<>LEFTS(L$( J),5) TH

EN 1300

1260 L1=J

1270 IF L0O-1 THEN 1290

1280 L0aJ

1290 PRINT J;": ";L?(J)

1300 NEXT J

1310 IF L0O-1 THEN 1340

1320 PRINT "NO EVENTS"

1330 GOTO 730

1340 PRINT

1350 PRINT " DELETE WHICH EVEN

T ABOVE";

1360 INPUT A

1370 IF A<L0 OR A>L1 THEN 730

1380 FOR J=A TO L9-1

1390 L5(J)=LS(J+1)

1400 NEXT J

1410 L9=L9-1

1420 F9=-l

1430 PRINT " ... DELETED"

1440 GOTO 680

1450 PRINT "SEARCH FOR";

1460 INPUT PS

1470 P=LEN(P5)

1480 FOR J=0 TO L9-1

1490 A=7

1500 IF HID$(L5(J),6,1)<>"/" T

HEN 1520
1510 A=10
1520 IF A+P-1>LEN(L$( J) } OR PS

<>HID5(L$( J) ,A,P) THEN 15

40
1530 PRINT LS(J)
1540 NEXT J
1550 PRINT "[4 SPACES lEND OF S

EARCH"
1560 GOTO 730
1570 IF F9<>0 THEN 1590
1580 END
1590 PRINT "READY TO WRITE NEW

EVENTS FILE (Y/N)";
1600 INPUT PS
1610 IF LEFTS ( PS, 1)="Y" THEN 1

630

1620 STOP

1630 D9$=D9S+"/"

1640 D9?=D9S+RIGHTS(STR$(Y8+10

0),2)
1650 C=2
1660 GOTO 3010
1670 M=0

1680 PRINT "MONTH";
1690 INPUT MM?
1700 M=VAL(MMS)
1710 MM?=LEFTS(MMS+"XX",3)
1720 IF M=0 THEN 1760
1730 IF M<1 OR M>12 THEN 1670
1740 PRINT MS(M)
1750 GOTO 1810
1760 FOR J=l TO 12
1770 IF MM5<>H5(J) THEN 1790
1780 H=J
1790 NEXT J

1800 IF M<1 OR M>12 THEN 1670
1810 PRINT "DAY";
1320 INPUT D

1830 IF D<1 OR D>31 THEN 1670
1840 D85=RIGHT5(STR5(100+H) ,2)

+ "/"
1850 D8?=D85+RIGHT5(STR5{100+D

),2)

1860

Y=Y8

1865

IFD8?=D9SANDFL=1THEN1880

1870

IF D8$>=LEFT$(D95,5) THEN

1890

1880

Y=Y8+1

1890

GOSUB 2150

1900

IF LEN(LLS)<=0 THEN 1920

1910

PRINT "( " ;W$(W) ;" )"

1920

RETURN

1930

C=l

1940

GOSUB 3010

1950

RETURN

1960

LL$=CHR$(255)

1970

L0a-1

1980

IF L<>0 THEN 2000

1990

RETURN

2000

VS=D8?+LL?

2010

WW$=D9$

2030

WWS=D9S+LL?

2040

F1=(WW5>VS)

2050

FOR J=L8 TO L9-1

2060

F2 = (L5(0')>WW5)

2070

F3=(V5>LS(J))

2080

F0=F2 AND F3

2090

IF F1=0 THEN 2110

2100

F0=F2 OR F3

2110

IF F0=0 THEN 2130

2120

L0=J

2130

NEXT J

2140

RETURN

2150

IF Y>=85 THEN 2170

2160

Y=Y+100

2170

H1=M+1

2180

M2=INT{l/Hl+.7)

2190

M3=Y-M2

2200

H4=M1+12*M2

2210

N=INT ( M4* 30 . 600 1 ) +INT ( M3*

365.25)+D

2220

M6=INT(N/7)

2230

W=N-7*H6

2240

RETURN

2250

PRINT CHRS(147)

2260

RETURN

3000

REM INPUT/OUTPUT ROUTINE

4000

REM PRINT ROUTINE

Program 2: Modifications
For Commodore

For instructions on entering this listing please
refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Tvping In
Programs" published bimonthly in computei.

255 IF E=0 THEN 260 :rem 164

256 F=0 :reni 80
15 75 IFOTKENCLOSE15 :rem 18 7
3010 FS="EVENTS" : rem 132
3020 PRINT "DISK OR CASSETTE (D

/C)7" :rem 4

3030 GETA?:IF((A$<>"C")AND(A?<
>"D" ) )ORA$=""THEN3030

:rem 227
3040 IFA5="D"THEN3060 : rem 120
3050 D1=0:GS="":GOTO3070

: rem 13
3060 F$="@0s"+F?:D1=1 : rem 16
3070 IFC=2THEN3160 :rem 4
3080 IFD1=1THENG$=",S,R"

:reiTi 85

3090 OPENl, 1+7*01, 8*01, F5+GS:G

OSUB3220:IFETHENCLOSE1 iGO

TO3150 :rem 93

3100 INPUT#1,LL5:D95=LLS:IF LE

N(LL5)<>8 THEN PRINT LL? ;

"?";GOTO 3140 :rem 60

3110 M=VAL(LEFT$(LL5,2)) :D=VAL

(M1DS(LL?.'1,2) ) :Y0«VAL(MI

D?(LL?,7,2)) I rem 245

3120 M9=M:D9=D:Y9=Y0:L=0:PRINT

"LAST ACCESS: " ; LL?

:rem 181
3130 INPUT#1,L5(L) :L=L+1:IF ST |

December 1985 COMPUTEI 71

3140
3150
3160

3170

3180

3190

3200

3210
3220
3230

3240

3250
4010
4020

4030

4040
4050
4060
4070

4080
4090

4100

4110

4120

4130

4140
4150

4160

4170
4180

=0 THEN 3130 :rem 34
CLOSE1:GOSUB3220 : rem 240
L8=0!L9=L: RETURN : rem 28
IFD1=1THENG?=" ,S,W"

irem 89
OPENl , 1+7*D1 , 8*D1 , F5+G$ :G
OSUB3 2 20:IFETHENCLOSE1 :CL
0SE15:END : rem 71

PRINT#l,D9$rCHR5(13) ;

trem 166
FORJ=0TOL9-1 :PRrNT#l , L? ( J
) ;CHR$(13) ; :NEXTJ : rem 50
GOSUB3 220ICLOSE1 iGQSUB322
0:IFOTHENCLOSE15 : rem 145
END :rem 157

IFD1-0THENRETURN : rem 71
IFO=0THENOPEN15,8, 15 :0=1

:rem 199
INPUT# 15 , E, B$ ! IFETHENPRIN
TB5 :CLOSE15iO=0 irem 33
RETURN :rem 170

D5="":P=3 tram 168
INPUT "WANT EVENTS ON PRI
NTER {Y/N)";P$ : rem 64
IF LEFT5{P5.1)<>"Y" THEN
{SPACE} 4050 :rem 214
P=!4 : rem 137

OPEN 3,P :rem 170

FOR J=L8 TO L0 ! rem 219
IF D5=LEFT?{L$(J),5) THEN
4150 : rem 4

D5=LEFT?(L5(J),5) :rem 125
M=VAL(LEFT$(D5,2) )

I rem 241
D=VAL(MID$(DS,4,2) )

:rem 239
Y=Y8;IF D5<=D9S THEN Y=Y8

+1

GOSUB 2150

PRINT#3,W$(W);

:rem 234
:rem 15

.-rem 180
PRINT#3,M5(M) rD : rem 102
PRINT#3,"{3 SPACES)" rMIDS
(LS(J),6) :rem 20

NEXT J rrem 84

CLOSE 3 I rem 117

RETURN :rem 17 3

Program 3: Modifications
for Atari

For instructions on entering this listing please
refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" publisfied bimonttily in compute!.

FG 150 DIM AC ( 10} , De« (?) , D9$
(■?) ,M« <3t) , W«<6S) , L» (
100t30) ,LLSI30) ,TE«(4
) ,MM« ( 10) ,P« (30) , Y« ( 1
0) , V« (30) ,MW« (10)

EG 155 DIM D« (30) , DE» (3) , FN*
(15)!W«"" "jW«(63)-W*
: W« (2) "HCiL*-" "!L*(3
000) -L«!L« (2) -L«

DN 170

EC 200

CP 400

'Pit

H» ( (J-1) *3+l

W* (J«9+l, (J + 1

READ

J«3) ■

READ

) «9) ■

TE«-" " : TE*-STR« ( 100+M

9) I D9S (1,2) -TE4 (LEN (T

E«)-1,LEN(TE«) ) !D9»(3

) - " / "
10 410 TE«-=" "1 TE«-STR« (100 + D

93 ! D9» (4, 5) -TE« (LEN (T

E«)-l , LEN<TE») )
flfl540 IF L« ( J«30+6, J*30+A)=

"/" THEN 570
JF 550 L« (L9«30+l, (L9+1) «30)

-L«(Jt30+l, (J + l)*30)
no &00 L» ( ( J-LB) «30 + l , ( J-L8 +

1) *30) -L» ( J«30+l , (J+1

> (30)
KE 970 Pti.p*( 1,1)

CI 1020

M 1040

K 10b0
FF 11 00

FK 1 130

HS 1 135

AL 1 140
HC 1150
GK 1 1&0

LL 1250

DL 1290
AA 1390

LC 1490
KK 1500
IK 1520

FK 1530

a 16 10

PC 1630

DA 1640

JO 1710

« 1740
CP 1770

m 1840

HB 1050

PP 1B70
BK 1910
AK 2000

GC2030

IC 2060

CN 2070

EB 2800
FC 3010

11 3020
NG 3030

Y*»"
YB) :
TE«)
Y* ( 1
( 100
(LEN
)

Y« ( 1
L« ( (
30) =
30)
INPU
> >20
20)
IF L
LL«(
{20
DBS (
D8»(
L« ( (
) >30
) t30
)-LL
IF D
30 + 5

/" ! TE*-STR* ( 101+
Y* (2, 3) -TE* (LEN(
-ijLEN (TE*) )
, 1 )-"/'■ ! TES-STR*
+YB) : Yt (2, 3) ^TE*
(TES) -I , LEN (TE*)

,3)="C3 SPACES>"
J+1 ) t30+l , ( J+2} «
L» ( J«30+l , ( J + 1 ) «

T LL*: IF LEN (LL«
THEN LL«-LL»(1,

EN(LL«)<20 THEN
LENCLL*) +1,20)-"
SPACES> "
6,B) =Y*

9 ) „ ,1 ,.

L0+1 ) «30+l , (L0+1

9) -DB*: L« ( (L0+1

+10, (L0+1 ) »30+29

*

a%< >L«(j»30+i , J*

) THEN 1300

PRINT J} " i " ; L» ( J»30

+1 , (J+1 ) «30)

L«(J»30+1, (J+l)*30)=

L* ( ( J+1 ) «30+l , (J+2) «

30)

REM

REM

IF P»<>L*<J*30+ft, Jt3

0+A+P-l) THEN 1540

PRINT L* ( J«30+l , ( J+1

) *30)

IF P* ( 1 , 1 ) -"Y" OR P«

( 1 , 1 ) = "y" THEN 1630

D9» (LEN (D9«) +1 , LEN (D

9*) +1 ) -'■/"

P«»STR» (YS+100) r P-LE

N(P«) ! P*=P* (P-1,P) 1 D

9* (LEN (D9«) +1 , LEN (D9

*) +2) -Pt

MM* (LEN (MM*) +1,LEN (M

M*)+2) ""XX" ! MM*-MM« (

1,3)

PRINT M« ( (M-1 ) «3+l , M

«3}

IF MM*<>M* (Jt3, JI3+2

) THEN 1790

DB*"STR« { t00 + M) 1 DB«-=

DB« (LEN (DB*)-1 , LEN (D

at) ) ; DB* (3,3)-"/"

P«=STR* (100+D) ! DB* (L

EN(Da*)+l,LEN(DB*)+2

)=P* (LEN(P«) -1 ,LEN(P

*> )

IF D8*>-=D9« ( 1 ,5) THE

N 1B90

PRINT " ( '■ ; W* (W»9+l , (

W+1 ) «9) ; " > "

V«-DB*i V* (LEN (V*) +1 ,

LEN(V»> +LEN (LL«) ) =LL

*

WM«-=D9«:WW*(LEN(WM*)

+1, LEN (WW*) +LEN (LL*)

)-LL*

F2-(L» (J«30+l, (J + 1 ) «

30) >WU*>

F3-{V«>L*(J«30+1, (J+

1 ) «30) )

PRINT CHR*!125)

POKE 195,0:PRINT "

CCLEAR>ENTER DEVICE

AND FILENAME" : PRINT

"(ie., D;EVENTS,DAT>

: " ! INPUT FN*

TRAP 3070: IF C=2 THE

N 3050

OPEN #1 , 4, 0, FN«s INPU

T »1;LL*: D9* = LL«; M = V

AL(LL« (1,2)): D=VAL(L

L» (4,5) ) : Y0-VAL (LL* (

7,8))
LG 3040 M9-M! D9 = D: Y9 = Y0: L = 0!

PRINT "LAST ACCESS:

" iLL*
DP3042 INPUT (HjNEilF NE TH

EN FDR L-0 TO NE-1 ! I

NPUT #1 ; LL*: L* (LS30 +

1, (L+l> «30) "LL«:NEXT
L
IK3044 TRAP 40000:CLOSE «1:

La-0! L9-L! RETURN
EB 3050 NE-L9:aPEN »1,8,0,FN

*:PRINT #1;D9«;PRINT
ttl ;NE
OF 3060 IF NE THEN FDR ft = 0 T

0 NE-1:PRINT »1;L*(A
t30+l, (A+1 ) «30) ! NEXT

A
KJ3065 CLOSE «1:END
KC3070 POKE B49,li CLOSE #l!

TRAP 40000! IF PEEK (1

95)-0 THEN 3010
DL3080 PRINT :PRINT CHR*{2S

3) S "« ERROR " jPEEK ( 1

95) ; " »" ! CLOSE #1
EI 3090 IF PEEK (764) <255 THE

N POKE 764,255:GQT0

3010
IIJ3100 GOTO 3090
JF4010 D*-"" ! DE*-"E: "
«J 4020 PRINT "WANT EVENTS D

N PRINTER CY/N) ";
hi 4030 INPUT P*
LK 4040 IF P«(1,1)<>"Y" THEN

4060
IS 4050 DE»-"P! "
OJ 4060 OPEN #1,8, 0, DE«
NN 4070 FOR J-LS TO L0
FA4080 IF D«-L«(Jt30+l, J«30

+5) THEN 4150
»J 4090 D*"L« ( JJ30 + 1 , J»30 + 5)
NI 4095 M-VAL (D* ( 1 , 2) )
BI4100 D = VAL (D« (4, 5) )
OK 41 10 Y-YB: IF D«<i.D9« THEN

Y-YB+1
AP4120 GOSUB 2150
BD4130 PRINT « 1 5 W« ( Wi 9 + 1 , ( W

+ 1 ) t9) ; " " ;
DA4140 PRINT # 1 ; M« ( ( M- 1 ) » 3 +

1 ,Mt3) ; " ■';D
no 4150 PRINT #1 s "

iZ SPACES> " ! LS (J»30+

6, ( J + 1 ) «30)
FE4160 NEXT J
JS4170 CLOSE #1
fll41S0 RETURN

Program 4: Modifications
For Apple

For instructions on entering this listing please
refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" published bimonttily in compute'.

H 105 DD* = CHR* (4) sit = CHR*

(9)
31 2250 HOME
9< 3010 F% = "EVENTS"
74 3020 PRINT DD*; "OPEN ";F«
FS 3030 IF C = 2 THEN 30B0
3C ,3040 PRINT DO*; "READ ";F*: IN
PUT LL*!D9« - LL«i IF LE
N (LL*) < > B THEN PRINT
LL«5 "?": GOTO 3050
Fft 3050 M = VAL ( LEFT* (LL*,2))
:D ■= VAL ( MID* (LL*,4,2
) ) iY0 - VAL ( MID* (LL*,
7,2)):M9 - Ml 09 - D:Y9 ■»
Y0:L - 0: PRINT "LAST A
CCESS: ";LL«
DA 3060 INPUT L*(L)J IF L4 (L) <
> "EOF" THEN L = L + 1:

72 COMPUTEI December 1985

GOTO 30i0
74 3070 L*<L) = "":LB = 0:L9 = L

: GOTO 3090
42 30B0 PRINT DD«; "WRITE "jF*: P
RINT D9*: FOR J = 0 TO L
9 - 1: PRINT L»(J>s NEXT
J: PRINT "EOF"
iA 3090 PRINT DD4; "CLOSE ";F»: I

F C = 2 THEN END
B3 3100 RETURN

F8 4010 PRINT :D» = "": INPUT "W
ANT EVENTS ON PRINTER (Y
/N) ";P«: IF LEFT* (PS, 1
) < > "Y" THEN 4030
£4 4020 PRINT DD*;"PR4tl": PRINT

I«! "80N"
iD 4030 FDR J = L8 TO L0: IF D«
= LEFT*. (L« (J) ,5) THEN 4
060
8S 4040 D« = LEFT* (L*(J),5):M =
( LEFT* (D*,2>>;D -
( MID* (D«,4,2)):Y

IF 0*
YS + 1

D9« THEN

PRINT MS(U);
MID* (L*<J)

VAL

VflL

= Y8

Y -

lA 4050 eOSUB 2150

" ";M«<M)}"
B9 4060 PRINT "

,6>: NEXT J
Bi 4070 PRINT : IF LEFT* (P«, 1 )

r= "¥" THEN PRINT DD«; "PR

#0"
F4 4080 RETURN

Program 5: Modifications
For IBM PC/PCjr

For instructions on entering this listing pieose
refer to "COMPUTE!'; Guide to Typing In
Programs" publistied bimonthly in compute',

rx 105 WIDTH B0:KEY DFF:DEF SEE=
0:PDKE 1047, PEEK (1 047 > OR
64

ND 2250 CLS

FD 3010 ON ERROR GOTO 3100
«A 3020 F«-="EVENTS": INPUT "ENTER
DRIVE tt (IE. , A) : " ; FF*

:F*=FF«+": "+Ft
£E 3030 IF C=2 THEN 30B0
OK 3040 OPEN F« FOR INPUT AS #1:

INPUT «1,LL*:D9«=LL$: IF

LEN(LL*)<>a THEN PRINT L

L$; "?":GOTO 3070
6E 3050 M=VAL(LEFT« (LL*,2) ) :D=Vfl

L(MID«(LL«,4,2> ) : Y0=VAL (

MIDt(LL«,7,2> ) :M9=M:D9=D

!Y9=Y0:L=0: PRINT "LAST A

CCESSs ";LL«
FN 3060 INPUT #1,L*(L) :L=L+1: IF

EOF(1)=0 THEN 3060
Pfl 3070 CLOSE #1:0N ERROR GOTO 0

: LB=0 : L9=L : RETURN
C6 3080 OPEN F« FOR OUTPUT AS #1

: PRINT #1,D9«:FDR J=0 TO
L9-1:PRINT »1,LS(J)
NB 3090 NEXT J : CLOSE #1:DN ERROR

GOTO 0:END
EC 3100 CLOSE #1:PRINT "DISK ERR

OR *";ERR; "OCCURRED. "iPR

INT "TRY AGAIN, "
HH 3110 PRINT:PRINT "HIT A KEY T

D CONTINUE"
FK 3120 A*=INKEY*!lF At="" THEN

3120
JS 3130 RESUME 3020
CJ 4010 ON ERROR GOTO 4090
BA 4020 D$="": INPUT "WANT EVENTS

ON PRINTER (V/N) " ; P«
PO 4030 IF LEFT«(P«,1>="Y" THEN

OPEN "LPTl:" FOR OUTPUT

AS *i ELSE OPEN "SCRN:"

FOR OUTPUT AS #1

CH 4040 FDR J=La TO L0:IF D»=LEF

T«(L*(J) ,5) THEN 40B0
EP 4050 D«=LEFT«(L«(J) ,5) :M=VAL(

LEFT* (D*, 2) ) :D=VAL(mD*(

D*,4,2) )
JJ 4060 Y=Ya: IF D*<=D9* THEN V=V

8+1
a 4070 GOSUB 2150:PRINT 4tl,W«(W

) ; " ";:PRINT «1,M*(M) ;D
PL 4080 PRINT #1," ";MIDt<L«(J

),6>:NEXT J ! CLOSE #1:DN

ERROR GOTO 0: RETURN
iC 4090 CLOSE #1:PRINT "PRINTER

ERROR #";ERR; "OCCURRED. '■

: PRINT "TRY AGAIN. "
HF 4100 PRINTsPRINT "HIT A KEY T

0 CONTINUE"
E6 4110 A*=INKEY«:IF A«="" THEN

4110
KL 4120 RESUME 4020

Program 6: Modifications
For TI-99/4A

330 IF (ri8<>M9) + (De>-D9) THE

N 350
400 TE*"STR* ( 100+M9)
405 D9»=SEG* <TE«,LEN (TE*) -1

, 2 ) «< " / "
410 TE*=STR* ( 100+D9)
415 D9«=D9*&SEG* (TE4, LEN (TE

*) -1 , 2)
540 IF SEG* CL* < J ) , 6, 1 ) ="/'■

THEN 570
B75 IF DB*<>D9» THEN 880
876 L0-L9-i
970 P»«SES*(P*, 1,1)
1020 TE*>=STR* ( 101+Ya)
1025 Y»-"/"!<SEG« <TE«, LEN (TE

«)-l , 2)
1040 TE»-STR* ( 100+YB)
1045 Y«="/"I<SEG* (TE*, LEN (TE

*) -1 , 2>
1140 DB« = DB*!tY«
1150 DBS-DBti" "
1160 L* (L0+1 ) =DB*&LLt
1250 IF D8*< >SEG* (L« ( J) , 1 , 5

)THEN 1300
1370 IF (A<L0)+<A>L1 JTHEN 7

30
1500 IF SEG* (L* ( J > , 6, 1 ) <>"/

" THEN 1520
1520 IF (A+P-1 >LEN (L»(J ) ) ) +

{P*<>SEG«(L*(J>,A,P))T

HEN 1540
1610 IF SEE* <P», 1 , 1 > ="Y" TH

EN 1630
1630 D9* = D9«!<"/"
1640 TE*=STR» ( Y8+100)
1645 D9* = D9»!<SeG» (TE*,LEN (T

E*)-l , 2)
1710 MM* = SEG« (MM*&"XX" , 1 , 3)
1730 IF (M< 1 ) + (M>12> THEN 16

70
1300 IF (M< 1 ) + (M>12) THEN 16

70
1830 IF (D< 1 > + (D>31 > THEN 16

70
1B40 TE«'=STR«( 100+M)
1845 De*=SEG« (TE*, LEN (TE*) -

1 , 2 ) St " / "
1850 TE«-STR* ( 100+D)
18S5 DB*-DB**iSEG* (TE*, LEN<T

E«) -1,2)
1865 IF (DB*-D9*) » (FL-1 (THE

N 1880
1B70 IF -D8*>-SEG« (D9*, 1 , 5) T

HEN 1890
1960 LL*-CHR* (127)
2000 V«oI}B«&LL«

2030 WWS-D9«&LL«

2080 F0-F2*F3

2100 F0-F2+F3

2250 CALL CLEAR

3010 F«»="EVENTS"

3020 PRINT "DISK OR CASSETT

E (D/C)?"
3030 CALL KEY(0,K,S)
3040 IF 3=0 THEN 3030
3050 A»-CHR*(K)
3060 IF (A«<>"C" ) » ( A«<>"D" )

THEN 3030
3070 IF A*»"D" THEN 3100
3080 D*-"CSl"
3090 GOTO 3110
3100 D*-"DSK1 . "&F*
3110 IF C-2 THEN 3320
3120 OPEN «1 :D*, INTERNAL, IN

PUT .FIXED
3130 INPUT *lsLL*
3135 D9»=LL«
3140 IF LEN<LLS)°8 THEN 317

0
3150 PRINT LL*; "?"
3160 GOTO 3280
3170 M-VAL (SEB* (LL*, 1 , 2) )
3180 D-VAL (SEG* (LL*, 4,2) )
3190 Y0-VAL (SEB*(LL», 7, 2) )
3200 f19»M
3210 D9-D
3220 Y9-Y0
3230 L-0
3240 PRINT "LAST ACCESS: ";

LL*
3250 INPUT #1:L*(L)
3260 IF L»(L>-"EOF" THEN 32

75
3270 L-L+1
3272 GOTO 3250
3275 L»<L)"""
3277 L=L-1
3280 CLOSE #1
3290 L8-0
3300 L9-L
3310 RETURN
3320 OPEN «1 : D*, INTERNAL, QU

fPUT, FIXED
3330 PRINT #1:09*
3340 FOR J-0 TO L9-1
3350 PRINT «1:L*(J)
3360 NEXT J
3365 PRINT #1: "EOF"
3370 CLOSE #1
3380 END
4010 D*=""
4020 DE-1
4030 INPUT "WANT EVENTS ON

PRINTER (Y/N) ":P*
4040 IF SEG* (P«, 1 , 1 ) <>"N" T

HEN 4070
4050 DE=0
4060 GOTO 4060
4070 OPEN «1 ! "RS232/2. BA=96

00. DA"8. PA=N"
40B0 FOR J=La TO L0
4090 IF D*=SE6* (L* (J) , 1 , 5)T

HEN 4190
4100 D«=SEB* (L* ( J ) , 1 , 5)
4110 M = VAL (SEG* (D«, 1 , 2) )
4120 D=VAL (SEG* (D», 4, 2) )
4130 V=Y8

4140 IF D*>D9« THEN 4 160
4150 Y=YB+1
4160 GOSUB 2150
4170 PRINT «DE;W«(W)!" ";
4180 PRINT #DE;M*(M);D
4190 PRINT «DE:"C3 SPACES>"

;SEG« (L*(J) , 6, LEN (L* (J

) ) )
4200 NEXT J

4210 IF DE=0 THEN 4230
4220 CLOSE #DE
4230 RETURN ©

December 1985 COMPOTEI 73

The New MLX

Enhanced Machine Language Editor
For The Commodore 64

Ottis R, Cowper, Technical Editor

This significantly improved version of
COMPUTE!'s "MLX" Utility will help
you enter machine language program
listings without typos. It's more fool-
proof than the old MLX and is easier
to use, too — especially for beginners.
The new MLX is required to enter all
machine language programs published
in COMPUTE! for the Commodore 64,
starting with "Balloon Crazy" in this
issue.

Since its initial publication in the
December 1983 issue of COMPUTE!,
our "MLX" machine language edi-
tor has helped thousands of readers
type in dozens of ML programs
with a minimum of problems. MLX
detects most common typing mis-
takes as they're made. However,
your growing appetite for high-
quality programs is leading us to
publish longer and longer listings.
Such programs demand a more effi-
cient entry system, so this month
we're introducing a new MLX with
important enhancements:

• A much more compact for-
mat. With each line of a new MLX
listing, you enter eight bytes of data
with 18 keystrokes, as opposed to
only six bytes of data in 21 key-
strokes when using the original
MLX, This means you can enter
machine language programs with
40 percent less typing.

• A more sophisticated check-

sum scheme. Transposition errors
that could slip past the original
MLX are caught by this version.
Typing mistakes are now virtually
impossible.

• A buffer (reserved area of
memory) that holds the data you
enter instead of direct storage in
memory. This means that you'll
never again have to worry with
those bothersome POKEs that were
sometimes necessary to reconfigure
memory before using the old MLX.

Hexadecimal Checksums

Type in and save a copy of the new
MLX. You'll need it for all future
machine language programs in
COMPUTE!, as well as ML programs
in our companion magazine, COM-
PUTE!'s GAZETTE, and COMPUTE!
books.

When you're ready to enter an
ML program, load and run the new
MLX. It asks you for a starting ad-
dress and ending address. These
addresses appear in the article ac-
companying the MLX-format pro-
gram listing you're typing. If you're
unfamiliar with machine language,
the addresses (and all other values
you enter in MLX) may appear
strange. Instead of the usual deci-
mal numbers you're accustomed to,
these numbers are in hexadecimal —
a base 16 numbering system com-
monly used by ML programmers.
Hexadecimal — hex for short — in-

cludes the numerals 0-9 and the
letters A-F. But don't worry — even
if you know nothing about ML or
hex, you should have no trouble
using the new MLX.

After you enter the starting
and ending addresses, MLX offers
the option of clearing the work-
space. Choose this option if you're
starting to enter a new listing. If
you're continuing a listing that's
partially typed from a previous ses-
sion, don't choose this option.

It's not necessary to know
more about this option to use MLX,
but here's an explanation if you're
interested: When you first run
MLX, the workspace area contains
random values. Clearing the work-
space fills it with zeros. This makes
it easier to find where you left off if
you enter the listing in multiple
sittings. However, clearing the
workspace is useful only before you
first begin entering a listing; there's
no need to clear it before you reload
to continue entering a partially
typed listing. When you save your
work with the new MLX, it stores
the entire contents of the data buff-
er. If you clear the workspace
before starting, the incomplete por-
tion of the listing is filled with zeros
when saved and thus refilled with
zeros when reloaded. If you don't
clear the workspace when first
starting, the incomplete portion of
the listing is filled with random

74 COMPUTEI December 1985

data. Whether or not you clear the
workspace before you reload, this
random data will refill the unfin-
ished part of the listing when you
load your previous work. The rule,
then, is to use the clear workspace
feature before you begin entering
data from a listing, and not bother
with it afterward.

At this point, MLX presents a
menu of commands:

Enter data
Display data
Load data
Save file
Quit

You no longer have to remem-
ber SHIFT command keys as in the
original MLX. Instead, just press the
letter of a menu option. These com-
mands are available only while the
menu is displayed. You can get
back to the menu from most op-
tions by pressing RETURN with no
other input.

Entering A Listing

To begin entering data, press E.
You'll be asked for the address at
which you wish to begin entering
data. (If you pressed E by mistake,
you can return to the command
menu by pressing RETURN.) When
you begin typing a listing, you
should enter the starting address
here. If you're typing in a long list-
ing in multiple sittings, you should
enter the address where you left off
typing at the end of the previous
session. In any case, make sure the
address you enter corresponds to
the address of a line in the MLX
listing. Otherwise, you'll he unable
to enter the data correctly.

After you enter the address,
you'll see that address appear as a
prompt with a nonblinking cursor.
Now you're ready to enter data.

To help prevent typing mis-
takes, only a few keys are active
while you're entering data, so you
may have to unlearn some habits.
The new MLX listings consist of
nine columns of two-digit num-
bers— eight bytes of data and a
checksum:

€000 :A9 0C SD 15 D0 A9 FF 3D 1.7

C008:3B 63 8D 3C 63 A9 01. 8D C6

C010:01 58 A9 00 8D 33 63 20 7D

C018:0D C5 20 CI CB A9 FF 8D 43

You do not type spaces be-
tween the columns; the new MLX
automatically inserts these for you.

You do not press RETURN after typ-
ing the last number in a line; the
new MLX automatically enters and
checks the line after you type the
last digit. The only keys you need
for data entry are 0-9 and A-F.
Pressing most of the other keys
generates a warning buzz.

To correct typing mistakes
before finishing a line, use the
INST/DEL key to delete the char-
acter to the left of the cursor. (The
cursor-left key also deletes.) If you
mess up a line really badly, press
CLR/HOME to start^he line over.

The RETURN key also is ac-
tive, but only before any data is
typed on a line. Pressing RETURN
at this point returns you to the com-
mand menu. After you type a char-
acter of data, the new MLX disables
RETURN until the cursor returns to
the start of a line. Remember, you
can press CLR/HOME to quickly
get to a line number prompt.

Beep Or Buzz?

After you type the last digit in a
line, MLX calculates a checksum of
the line number and the first eight
columns of data, then compares it
with the value in the ninth column.
The formula (found in lines 370-390
of the MLX program) catches al-
most every conceivable typing er-
ror, including the transposition of
entire numbers that the original
MLX could miss. If the values
match, you'll hear a pleasant beep,
the data is added to the workspace
area, and the prompt for the next
line of data appears (unless the line
just entered was the last line of the
listing — in which case you'll auto-
matically advance to the Save op-
tion). But if MLX detects a typing
error, you'll hear a low buzz and
see an error message. Then MLX
redisplays the line for editing.

To edit a line, move the cursor
left and right using the normal cur-
sor controls. (The INST/DEL key
now works as an alternative cursor-
left key.) You cannot move left be-
yond the first character in the line.
If you try to move beyond the right-
most character, you'll reenter the
line.

To make corrections in a mis-
typed line, compare the line on the
screen with the one printed in the
listing, then move the cursor to the
mistake and type the correct key.

During editing, RETURN is active;
pressing it tells MLX to recheck the
line. You can press the CLR/HOME
key to clear the entire line if you
want to start from scratch, or if you
want to get to a line number prompt
to use RETURN to get back to the
menu.

Other IMLX Functions

The Display data option lets you
review your work. Unlike the origi-
nal MLX, the new MLX calculates
and displays checksums for each
line. Thus, a quick way to check
your typing is to compare the
reverse video checksums on the
screen with the data in the right-
most column of the printed listing.
If the values match, you can be
confident that the line is entered
correctly.

When you select D, you'll be
asked for a starting address. (As
with the other menu options, press-
ing RETURN at this point takes you
back to the command menu.) When
entering an address, make sure it
corresponds to the address of a line
from the listing. Otherwise, the
checksums will be meaningless.
You can pause the scrolling display
by pressing the space bar. (MLX
finishes printing the current line
before halting.) To resume scroll-
ing, press the space bar again. The
display continues to scroll until the
ending address is reached, then the
menu reappears. To break out of the
display and return to the menu
before the ending address is reached,
press RETURN.

The Save and Load menu op-
tions are straightforward. First,
MLX asks for a filename. (Again,
pressing RETURN at this prompt
without entering anything returns
you to the command menu.) Next,
MLX asks you to press either T or D
for tape or disk. If you notice the
disk drive starting and stopping
several times during a load or save,
don't panic; MLX opens and reads
from or writes to the file instead of
using the usual LOAD and SAVE
commands, so this behavior is nor-
mal. Disk users should also note
that the drive prefix 0: is automati-
cally added to the filename (line
750), so this should not be included
when entering the name. (This also
precludes the use of (S) with for
Save-with-Replace, so remember to

December 1985 COMPUTEI 75

give each version you save a differ-
ent name.)

Remember that MLX saves the
entire workspace area from the
starting address to tlie ending ad-
dress, so tlie save or load may tal<e
longer than you might expect if
you've entered only a small amount
of data from a long listing. When
saving a partially completed listing,
make sure to note the address
where you stopped typing so you'll
know where to resume entry when
you reload.

Error Alert

MLX reports any errors detected
during the save or load. Tape users
should bear in mind that the Com-
modore 64 is never able to detect
errors when saving to tape. The
new MLX also has three special
load error messages:

• INCORRECT STARTING
ADDRESS. This means the file
you're trying to load does not have
the starting address you specified
when you ran MLX. If you feel cer-
tain you're trying to load the right
file, exit and rerun MLX, being care-
ful to enter the correct starting
address.

■ LOAD ENDED AT address.
This means the file you're trying to
load ends before the ending ad-
dress you specified when you start-
ed MLX. If you feel certain that
you've loaded the right file, exit and
rerun MLX, being careful to enter
the correct ending address.

• TRUNCATED AT ENDING
ADDRESS. This means the file
you're trying to load extends be-
yond the ending address you speci-
fied when you started MLX. If you
feel certain that you've loaded the
right file, exit and rerun MLX, being
careful to enter the correct ending
address.

The Quit menu option has the
obvious effect — it stops MLX and
enters BASIC at a READY prompt.
Since the RUN/STOP key is dis-
abled, Q lets you exit the program
without turning off the computer.
(Of course, RUN/STOP-RESTORE
also gets you out.) If you choose
this option, MLX asks for verifica-
tion. Press Y to exit to BASIC, or
any other key to return to the
menu. After quitting, you can type
RUN again and reenter MLX with-

out losing your data, as long as you
don't use the clear workspace option.

The Finished Product

When you've finished typing all the
data for an ML program and saved
your work, you're ready to see the
results. Unlike the original MLX,
this version keeps the data in a
temporary holding area rather than
in its final resting place in memory,
so you must always save the fin-
ished program with MLX and then
reload it from BASIC with a stan-
dard LOAD command.

The instructions for loading
the finished product varies from
program to program. Some ML pro-
grams are designed to be loaded
and run like BASIC programs, so all
you need to type is LOAD "file-
name",8 for disk or LOAD "file-
name" for tape, and then RUN.
(Such programs usually have 0801
as their MLX starting address.) Oth-
ers must be reloaded to specific ad-
dresses with a command such as
LOAD "filename", 8,1 for disk or
LOAD "filename", 1,1 for tape, then
started with a SYS to a particular
memory address. (On the Commo-
dore 64, the most common starting
address for such programs is 49152,
which corresponds to MLX address
COOO.) In either case, you should
always refer to the article which
accompanies the ML listing for
information on loading and run-
ning the program.

An Ounce Of Prevention

By the time you finish typing in the
data for a long ML program, you'll
have several hours invested in the
project. Don't take chances — use
our "Automatic Proofreader" to
type the new MLX, and then test
your copy thoroughli/ before first
using it to enter any significant
amount of data. Make sure all the
menu options work as they should.
Enter fragments of the program
starting at several different address-
es, then use the Display option to
verify that the data has been en-
tered correctly. And be sure to test
the Save and Load options several
times to ensure that you can recall
your work from disk or tape. Don't
let a simple typing error in the new
MLX cost you several nights of hard
work.

The New MLX For
Commodore 64

For instrucl'ions on, entering this listing, please
refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" published bimonthly in COMPUTEi.

100
110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180
190

200

210

220

230

240

250
260

270

280

290
300

310

320

330

PRINT"
Gg43"r
B 1040 I
PRINT"

POKE 56,50:CLR:DIM IH5,I,J
,A,B,A$,B?,AC7),N5 :rem 34
C4=48 : C5= 1 6 :C7=7:Z 2=2:2 4=2
54:25=2 55:Z6=2 56:Z7=12 7

srem 2 3G
FA=PEEK(45)+Z6*PEEK(46) : BS
=PEEK(S5)+Z6*PSSK(56);H5="
0123456789AaCDEF" :rem 118
R5=CHR$(L3) :L5="{LEFT}" :S?
=" ":D?=CHR?(20} ;Z5=CHR$(0
):T?="il3 RIGHT)" : rem 173
SD=54272:FOR I=SD TO SD+23
:POKE I,0:NEXT:POKE SD+24,
15:P0KE 788,52 : rem 194
PRINT" (CLR) "CUR? (142 )CHR5 (
8): POKE 53280, 15;P0KE 5328
1, 15 ;rem 104

PRINT T?" {REDHRVSJ
{2 SPACES} §8 @3f2 SPACES]"
SPC(28)"(2 SPACES) (off]

(blu) hlx II (redHrvs)

{2 SPACES} "SPC( 28)"
{12 SPACES) [BLU)" jrem 121
PRINT" (3 DOWN) {3 SPACES} CO
MPUTEl'S MACHINE LANGUAGE
[SPACE) EDITOR [3 DOWN}"

: rem 135
[BLK}STARTING ADORES
:GOSUB300:SA=AD:GOSU
IF F THENia0:rem 113
{BLK)(2 SPACES}ENDIN
G ADDRESSE48"? :GOSUB300:£A
=AD:GOSUB1030:IF F THEN190
:rem 173
INPUT" (3 down) (BLK) CLEAR W
ORKSPACE CY/N]B43",-A5;IF L
EFT$ ( A$, 1 ) <> "Y"THEN220

: rem 9
PRINT" {2 DOWN) {BLU}WORKING
. . . "; :F0R1=BS TO BS+EA-SA+
7: POKE I, 0: NEXT: PRINT" DONE
" : rem 139

PRINTTAB(10) "{2 DOWN)fBLK}
(RVS) HLX COMMAND MENU
(D0WN}i4i":PRINT TS"(RVS)E
{OFF Inter data" :rem 62
PRINT T?"{hVS}D{OFF}ISPLAY

DATA": PRINT T5"(RVS)L
{OFFJOAD DATA" :rem 19
PRINT T?" [RVS)S{0FF}AVE FI
LE":PRINT T?" £rVS}Q(OFF}UI
T{2 DOWNJ{BLK)" ;rem 238
GET A?: IF A5=N5 THEN250

:rem 127
A=0sFOR 1=1 TO 5: IF A5=MID
5( "EDLSQ",I, IJTHEN A=I : 1=5
:rem 42
NEXT:ON A GOTO420, 610, 690,
700, 280!GOSUB1060:GOTO250

; rem 97
PRINT" {RVS} QUIT ": INPUT"
(DOWN3^4iARE YOU SURE [Y/N
]";A5:IF LEFTS (A$, 1 )<> "Y"T
HEN220 :rem 189

POKE SD+24, 0: END : rem 95
IN?=N5 : AD=0 : INPUTIN? : IFLEN
(IN?) 0 4THENRETURN : rem 31
a9=IN?:GOSUB320:AD=A:B5=HI
DS{IN?,3) :GOSUB320:AD=AD*2
56+A;RETURN :rem 225
A=0:FOR J=l TO 2:A?=MID?(B
5 , J , 1 ) : B=ASC { A? ) -C4+ ( A? > " 0
")*C7:A=A*C6+B :rem 143
IF B<0 OR B>15 THEN AD=0:A
=-l:J=2 :rem 132

76 COMPUTEI December 1985

340 NEXT:RETUKN : rem 240
350 B=INT{a/g6) :PRINT HID?(H5,

D+1, I) ; :B=A-B*C6:PRINT MID

S(H5,B+1,1) ; :RETURS:rem 42
3 60 A=INT(AD/Z6) :GOSUB350 : A=AD

-A*Z6:GOSUD3 50:PRINT" : " ;

irem 32
370 CK=INT(AD/Z6) :CK=AD-Z4*CK+

Z5*(CK>Z7) :GOTO390:rera 131
380 CK=CK*Z2+Z5*{CK>Z7)+A

:re[n 168
390 CKbCK+Z5*(CK>25) :RETURN

:rem 159
400 PRINT" (down] STARTING ATi43

"; :GOSUB3a0!lF IN5<>N? THE

N GOSUBI030:IF F THt;N400

:rem 7 5
410 RETURN :rem 117

420 PRINT" (RVS) ENTER DATA ":G

OSUB400:IF IN$=NS THEN220
:rem 85
430 0PEN3, 3:PRINT :rem 34
440 POKE198,0:GOSUB360;IF F TH

EN PRINT IN5:PRINT" [UPJ

{5 RIGHT]"; :rera 6

450 FOR 1=0 TO 24 STEP 3:B$=S$

:FOR J=l TO 2: IF F THEN B$

=MID5(IN?,I+J,1) irem 226
460 PRINT" (RVS) "a5L?; :IF K24T

HEN PRINT" {off)" r : rem 15
470 GET A?: IF A5=N5 THEN470

:rem 135
480 IF(A?>"/"ANDAS<" : ")0R(A5>"

@" ANDA5 < "G " ) THEN540

: rem 100
490 IF A?=RS AND( (I=0}AND(J=1 )

OR F)THEN PRINT fl5;:J=2:NE

XT:I=24:GOTO550 :rem 46
500 IP A$="(HOME)" THEN PRINT

( space} B5 :J=2 : NEXT ; 1=24 : NE

XT :F=0 :GOTO440 : rem 66
510 IF(A5=" [RIGHT] ")ANDF THENP

RINT B?L?; :GOTO540:rem 107
520 IF A5<>L? AND AS<>D5 OR((l

=0)AND(J=1))THEN GaSUB1060

:GOTO470 :rem 232

530 A? = L5 + SS+L5: PRINT B5L5,-jJ =

2-J:IF J THEN PRINT L5;:I=

1-3 :rem 12

540 PRINT A5;:NEXT J:PRINT S?;

: rem 2
550 NEXT I : PRINT: PRINT" EUP)

(5 RIGHT] "; :INPUT#3, IN$:IF
IN?=N? THEN CLOSE3:GOT022

0 : rem 106

560 FOR 1=1 TO 25 STEP3:B$=MID

5(IrJ5, I) :GOSUB320:IF I<25

(SPACE]TKEN GOSUB380:A(l/3

)=A :rem 81

570 NEXT: IF AoCK THEN GOSUB10

60 : PRINT" ( BLK] {RVS} ERROR:
REENTER LINE ^43":F=l:GOT

0440 :rem 161

580 GOSUB1080:B=BS+AD-SA:FOR I

=0 TO 7: POKE B+I , A ( I ) : NEXT

:rem 245

590 AD=AD+8:IF AD> EA THEN CLOS

E3:PRINT" (down) (BLU]** END
OF ENTRY **lBLKJ(2 DOWN]"

iGOTO7O0 :rera 207

600 F=0:GOTO440 : rem 84

610 PRINT" (CLRj [DOWN] (RVS) DIS

PLAY DATA " : GOSUfl400 : IF IN

5=N5 THEN220 : rem 146
620 PRINT" [DOWN] (BLU)PRESS:

(RVS) SPACE (OFF) TO PAUSE,

(SPACE) (RVS) RETURN (OFF) TO

BREAKi4g{D0WN) '■ : rem 241

630 GOSUB360:B=BS+AD-SA:FORI=fl

TO B+7:A=PEEK(I) :GOSUB350:

GOSUB380:PRINT S$7 : rem 56

640 NEXT: PRINT" [ RVS ) " ; :A=CK:GO
SUB350: PRINT : rem 144

650 F=L:AD=AD+8:IF AD>EA THENP
RINT"(DOWNi{BLU)** END OF
(space) DATA **":GOTO220

irem L70

660 GET A$:IF A5=RS THEN GOSUB
1080:GOTO220 : rem 65

670 IF A5=S| THEN F=F+l:GOSUBl
080 :rem 28

680 ONFGOTO630, 660, 630:rem 224

690 PRINT" (DOWN) [RVS] LOAD DAT
A ":OP=1:GOTO710 : rem 31

700 PRINT" (down) (RVS) SAVE FIL
E ":OP=0 :rem 32

710 IH5=N| ; INPUT" (DOWN] FILENAM
Eg43";IN?sIF IN5=N? THEN22
0 :rem 229

720 F=0:PRINT"(DOWN] (bLK) (RVS]
T{ OFF) APE OR (RVS I D ( OFF) IS
K: ^43": :rera 65

730 GET A5:IF A$="T"THEN PRINT
"T(DOWN) ":GOTOS80 : rem 90

740 IF A?<>"D"THEN730 :rem 90

750 PRINT"D(D0WN] " :OPEN15,8, 15
, "10:" :B=EA-SA:IN5="0:"+IN
5: IF OP THEN810 :rem 163

760 OPEN 1,8,8, IN?+",P,W" :GOSU
B86fl:IF A THEN220 : rem 66

770 AH=iINT{SA/256) :AL=SA-(AH*2
56 ) : PRINT* 1 , CHR? { AL ) ; CHR? (
AH) ; :rem 221

780 FOR 1=0 TO B:PRINT#1,CHR5(

PEEK{BS+1) >; :IF ST THEN800

:rem 171

790 NEXT:CLQSE1:CLOSE15:GOT094
0 :rera 230

800 GOSUB1060:PRINT" (down)

{BLK)ERR0R DURING SAVE:^43
":GOSUBa60:GOTQ220 : rem 61

810 OPEN 1,8,8, INS+",P,R":GOSU
B860:IF A THEN220 : rem 57

820 GETS1,A5, B?:AD=ASC(A5+ZS)+
256*ASC{B$ + Z5) : IF ADOSA T
HEN F=1:GOTO350 : rem 155

830 FOR 1=0 TO B:GET*1,A5:P0KE
BS+I,ASC( A$+Z$) :IF ST AND
(I<>B)THEN F=2;AD=I:I=B

: rem 180

840 NEXT: IF ST<>64 THEN F=3

:rem 20

850 CL0SE1:CL0SE15:0N ABS(F>0)
+1 GOTO960,970 : rem 12

860 INPUT#15, A, A5:IF A THEN CL
OSEl :CL0SE15 :GOSUB1060 :PRI
NT" (RVS) ERROR: "A5:remll4

870 RETURN :rem 127

880 POKE183, PEEK(FA+2):POKE187
,PEEK(FA+3) :P0KE188,PEEK(F
A+4) :IFOP=0THEN920:rem 178

890 SYS 63466:IF(PEEK(783)AND1
)THEN GOSUB1060: PRINT"
{DOWN] (RVS] FILE NOT FOUND
":GOTO6 90 :rem 34

900 AD=PEEK(829)+256*PEEK(830)
:IF ADOGA THEN F=i:GOT097

0 :rem 201
910 A=PEEK(831)+256*PEEK(832)-

1 :F=F-2*(A<EA)-3*(A>EA):AD

=A-AD:GOTO930 :rem 75
920 A=SA:B=EA+L:GOSUB1010: POKE

780,3:SYS 63338 :rem 107
930 A=DS:a=BS+(EA-SA)+L:GOSUBl

010 :ON OP GOTO950:SYS 6359

1 :rem 38
940 GOSUBV0a0:PRINT" (BLU)** SA

VE COMPLETED **":GOTO220

:rem 139
950 POKE1.47,0:SYS 63562: IF ST<

>64 THEN97g :rein 39
960 GO3UB1080:PRINT" [BLU]** LO

AD COMPLETED **":GOTO220

:rem 125

970 GOSUB1060!PRINT" [BLK] [RVS]
ERROR DURING LOAD: [DOWN]
g43":ON F GOSUB9aO, 990, 100
0:GOTO220 : rem 233

980 PRINT" INCORRECT STARTING A
DDRESS ( "; :GOSUB360:PRINT"
}":RETURN : rem 145

990 PRINT"LOAD ENDED AT ";:AD=
SA+AD:GOSUB360:PRINT D9:RE

TURN :rem 159

1000 PRINT"TRUNCATED AT ENDING
ADDRESS": RETURN : rem 166

1010 AH=INT(A/256);AL=A-(AH*25
6) : POKE 1 9 3, AL; POKE 194, AH
:rem 95

1020 AH=INT(B/256) :AL=B-{AH*25
6) :POKE174,AL:POKE175, AH:
RETURN :rem 122

1030 IF AD<SA OR AD>EA THEN105
0 :rem 135

1040 IF(AD>511 AND AD<40960)OR
(AD>49151 AND AD<53248)TH
EN GOSUB1080:F=0; RETURN

:rem 104

1050 GOSUB1060: PRINT" (RVS) INV
ALID ADDRESS (DOWN) { BLK)"
:F=1: RETURN : ren 224

1060 POKE SD+5,31:POKE SD+6,20
8: POKE SD, 240: POKE SD+1 , 4
:POKE SD+4,33 :rem 19

1070 FOR S=I TO 100: NEXT: GOTOl
090 :rem 90

1080 POKE SD+5,8:POKE SD+6,240
:POKE SD,0:POKE SD+1, 90 :P
OKE SD+4,17 :rem 182

1090 FOR S=l TO 100: NEXT: POKE
(SPACE)SD+4,0:POKE SD,0:P
OKE SD+1, 0: RETURN : rem 8

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Reviews

WIshbringer

James V. Trunzo

Requirements: Commodore 64: Apple U-
series computer with at least 48K RAM:
Atari 400/800, XL, or XE with at least
48K RAM; IBM PC with at least 48K
RAM: Expanded Model PCjr: Amiga:
Atari 520ST; Macintosh: Kai/pro CP/M;
or a TRS-80 Model III, All versions re-
quire a disk drive. The Commodore 64
version was reviewed.

The latest entry from Infocom, the soft-
ware industry's most prolific producer
of text adventures, is a novel mystery/
adventure entitled Wishbringer. It's
billed as an introductory-level adven-
ture, but veteran gamers should not be
put off by the label. When Infocom calls
a game "introductory," it simply means
you might need only 20 or 30 hours to
solve the adventure instead of 60 or 70
hours.

Actually, Wishbringer offers several
very challenging puzzles, starting at the
very beginning of the game when you
have to map your way over the moun-
tain leading to the Majick Shoppe.
What makes Wishbringer slightly easier
than a more advanced Infocom game is
that some of the mapping is done for
you, the scope of the storyline is not as
broad, and the puzzles are slightly less
devious. However, this should not be
construed to mean that the game is
child's play — far from it.

As the accompanying storybook
says, you're in the role of an ordinary
postal clerk in an "ordinary little town,
and you've been performing your ordi-
nary mail clerk's duties in an altogether
ordinary way. But there's something
quite extraordinary about today's
mail." From that point your adventure
begins, and nothing is the same any
more.

A Piece Of The Rock

The adventure is twofold: First, you
must seek out and obtain a magic stone
known as the Wishbringer. To keep
track of your location in the game's
imaginary world, you should compile a
map as you go along, even though a

general map is included. If you find the
Wishbringer, your second job is to use
the powers of the stone (which are awe-
some in some ways, yet limited in oth-
ers) to save your town — a town that no
longer resembles what it was at the
start of the adventure. Now it's filled
with trolls, vultures, and other evil
creatures.

Wishbringer conforms to the usual
Infocom style. That is, it employs no
graphics, relying on detailed descrip-
tions and the player's imagination to
provide the "pictures." The sophisticat-
ed parser, an Infocom trademark, lets
you type in compound sentences rather
than just primitive verb-noun com-
mands. Other features let you save
games in progress and send text to a
printer. And as always with an Infocom
package, Wishbringer is attractively de-
signed. It includes a beautifully illus-
trated storybook, "The Legend of
Wishbringer," and even a plastic Wish-
bringer stone that glows in the dark.

Starting with a simple premise —
one that may seem almost childish at
first — Wishbringer quickly becomes an
enjoyable, playable adventure for all
but the most hardened veterans of ad-
venture games.

Wishbringer

Infocom

125 Cambridge Park Drive

Cambridge, MA 02140

$3S.55

Remember!

Karen McCullough

Requirements: Commodore 64; Apple 11-
series computer loith at least 64K RAM:
IBM PC with at least U8K RAM and
color /graphics adapter; or an Expanded
Model IBM PCjr. All versions also require
a disk drive. Joystick and printer optional.

Remember! bills itself as a "powerful,
yet simple tool designed to help stu-
dents from junior high through college
master difficult subjects and improve
memory skills." The claim is not exag-
gerated. This program presents an ef-
fective study system that teaches how

to organize and memorize facts. It also
helps you practice and test yourself on
those techniques.

Two fundamental design princi-
ples give Remember! its power: You en-
ter the facts you want to memorize only
once, and the program then presents
them to you in a variety of ways; and
the program helps you build associa-
tions with the facts you're learning.

You begin by using the Create or
Edit Lesson section to enter the facts
you want to memorize into question
and answer blocks. Once the lesson is
entered, you can add hints to help you
memorize the information. These hints
can be in any of three formats: pictorial,
musical, or written. Only one hint is
allowed per question, and all hints for a
given lesson must be in the same for-
mat. Editing functions allow you to
make changes in the questions, an-
swers, or hints at any time.

Entering hints is not quite as simple
as entering the questions and answers.
Although the program is generally flex-
ible, drawing pictures or entering musi-
cal notation is not as intuitive as typing
in questions. Both take some practice to
master. One irritating aspect of entering
pictorial or musical hints is that they are
not automatically saved when you
choose the Get Next Word option. This
is the only time you must tell the pro-
gram to save something, and it's easy to
forget. {Remember! will remind you,
however.)

Foreign Language
Characters

Once the facts are entered, you have
the option of reviewing them or testing
yourself in various ways. The Familiar-
ization option displays both questions
and answers for review and study.
When you feel thoroughly familiar with
the material, you can choose the Prac-
tice option. In this mode. Remember!
displays either the question or answer
(your option), and you supply the miss-
ing part. If you can't remember the
answer, pressing RETURN or Enter dis-
plays a hint (if you supplied one), and
pressing the key again calls up the cor-
rect response. Finally, you can evaluate
your progress with the Test option,
which is similar to Practice mode.

78 COMPUTEI December 1 985

Jk ATARI

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HalieyProject-D 29.95

MISC. ATARI (contd.)

Micro League Baseball D 29 96

Ultima l-D 23 95

Uitima Il-D 37 95

F-15 Strike Eagle-D 23 95

Ultima IV-D 4195

Bounty BobCart 29 95

Alien Voice Box 99 55

Omnimon ^95

Paper Clip-D 3995

HomePak-0 34.95

Island Caper-D 2395

General Mgr. lor MLB... 29-95

OSS

Basic XE-Cart 5295

Mac 65 XL-Cart 4995

Action-Can 4995

Basic XL-Can 39.95

Each Tool Kit-0 20.95

SSI

Carrier Force-D 37,95

Combat LeaOer-D 24 95

Cosmic Balance-0 24 95

Broadsides-D 24,95

50 Mission Crosh-D ....24.95

Rails West-D 24.95

Compulei Ambush-D ...37.95
Computer Baseball-D . . .24.95
Breakthrough/

ArOennes-D 37.95

Imperiu m Glalium-D 24.95

Oper. Market

Gatden-D 32 95

Kamplgruppe-D 37,95

Compulei

Ouanerback-D 24 96

Colonial ConquKl-0 24 95

Gemstone Warrior-D 21,95

Six Gun SNootout-0 24 95

SYNAPSE

Syncalc-D 34.95

Synlile-D 34.95

Syntrend-D 27.95

Syncalc Templates-D ...16.95

Helai-D 79.95

Mindwheel-D 27.95

Lodefunner's Rescue-Q 20,95

BROOERBUNO

Print Shop-D 33,95

Karateka-D 21.95

Champ Loderunner-D . . .21.95
Bank Strliet Wriler-D ...44.95
Print Shop Graphics-D... 17.95
DaiiieDra* 3995

ELECTRONIC ARTS

Skylox 25.95

One on One 29.95

Seven Citres/Gold 29.95

Arcbon 24.95

Adv. Construclion Kit ...37.95
Ultima IV 39.95

APPLE MISCELLANEOUS

Ghoslbusters 2595 Star League Baseball . . .23.95

Flight Stmulator II 34.95 Ultima III 39.95

F-15 Strike Eagle 21.95 Bruce Lee 25.95

Summer Games 25.95 Conan 25.95

Micro League Baseball . . 29,95 Sideviays 39.95

GENERAL
HARDWARE

.IL

SG-10 215

SG-15 359

SD-10 339

SD-15 449

SR-10 Call

SR-15 Call

PRINTER BUFFERS

U-Print-16K 79.95

U-Print-64K 99.95 Juki 5610 .

MODEMS

Votksmorlem 1200 189

Prometheus 1200 319

PRINTERS

Pmasoiilc 1091 ,245

Citoh8510Al'+ 329

Legend 808 169

Legend 1080 219

Ciloh7500AP+ 219

Epson Call

Panasonic 1090 199

Powertype 309 309

AMIGA
COMPUTER

Call for stock
and avaUability

ATARI SUPER SPECIALS

SupM-SpKUpfkoaHKUn now OmiOKMiibw 31,1915

ELECTRONIC ARTS

Aichon 16.96 Skytox 21,95

Mule 16.K One on One 21,95

Seven Cities ol Gold 21.95 Aichonll 21.95

Pinball Construction Kit.. 16.95 Financial Cookbirak ... .2695

Music Construction Kil . . 16.95 Uitima III 37,95

We stock hundreds of programs for the
Apple, Atari, C-64 and IBM. If you don't
see it listed here don't hesitate to call.

T — Csuelte D — Dlik Cart — CirWdae

-EST. 1982-

P.O. Box 17882, Wilwaukee. Wl 53217

ORDER LINES OPEN

Mcin-Fri 11 a.m. - 7 p.m. CST • Sat. 12 p.m. - 5 p.m. CST

Td Order Call Toll Free

800-558-0003

For Technical Info, Order
Inquiries, or for Wise. Orders

414-351-2007

ORDERING INFORMATION: Please spnlfy lyitem For fast
delivery send cashiers check or money order. Pefsonal and
company checks allow I'l business days lo clear. School P.O.s
welcome. CO.D, chirges ars S3.00. [n Gontirental U.S.A. include S3 00
for software orders. 4^; shipping for hardware, minimum 54,00.
Master Card and Visa orders please include card ^. expiiaiion date
and signature Wf residents please mcfude 5= j sales tax HI.AK.FPO.
APO. Puerto Rico and Canadian orders, please add 5^ shipping,
mlnlmuni S5.D0. All olher forelp ordtra add 15% shipping, minimum
SI 6.00. All ordei s shipped ouiside llie ConhnenUI USA areshipped
first class insured U S mail II foreign shipping chafges exceed tlie
minimum amount youwHI be ctiargec the additional amouni 10 get
your package to you quickly and sately All goods are new and
Include factory war ranty. Due to our \o'/t prices all sales aie fmai, AJI
[jelective returni nsusi have a retirn autfiorlzation number. PCaase call
1414.1 351 -200r ID 0 btam a-T F A f^ or your return will not be accepted
Prices arrd availability sutrjeci to change without notice

COMMODORE
64 & 128

C-1 28 Computer Call

1 571 Disk Drive Call

1902 Monitor Call

Call for our special package price

SUPER PRINTER PACKAGES

SG-10 SGWiz 279

Panasonic 1091 & G-Wiz 309

Legend 1080 S G-Wiz 282

Panasonic 1090 & G-Wiz 265

Legend 803 & G-Wiz 229

Citoh K10AP+ & G-Wiz 395

Powerlvne & G-Wiz 369

Super Printer Packages have no extra charges
added when shipped in Continental USA

MODEMS PRINTER

WnslrldgBAA/AD... 57.95 INTERFACES

MighlyMo 69aS g-Wu 5995

leWModcm 4995 DataSharePfl J9.95

An i mation Slati on carnco g+ « as

forC-H -;9 95

::-64 SUPER SPECIALS
Supar S|Mdal prieat tlftclln now Ihm DK«mb<r ts\ ibbs

riECTPONIC AHTS

Arction 169S Mat! Order IWonsier ....21.95

Mule , 16.95 Racing Destmcllon Kil ... 21.95

Seven Cilies ol Gold . . . .21.95 Archon II 21 95

PmbaitConstruction Kil . , 16.» Advenlure

Music Conslruclion Kit ... 16.95

SItyloit 21.95

One on One 21.95

16.95 Conslruclion Sel 26.95

21.95 Financial Cookbook 26.95

21.95 Ultima III 37.95

Starcfoss-D 29.95

Wilness-D 29,96

Suspended-D .29.95

Planelfall-D 24.95

COMMODORE SOFTWARE

SSI ACCESS (cont'd.)

OuesUon-D 2495 Raid/Moscow-D 24.95

Phan1asic-0 24 95 Macli V-Cart 21.95

Germany 1985-0 37.96 RiTTFRIPQ

WingsofWar-D 2495 ,upi imcn

Fighter Comraand-D . . . .3796 IHliLUUtU

Mecti Brigade-D 37K Consulianl-D 5295

Norway 1985-0 21,95 Paperclip w/5pellpak-D 79.95

See Alan Seclian lor Rest ol Super Busscard II 129.95

Items and Prices Home Organizer Items-D 16.95

MICROPROSE ^^i.^,"^"" '^1

See A lar, Sactior, tor Home Pak-'o 34.95

'"''""^ INFOCOM

wo.idLibaii.D 2495 zi:ir ii

Summer Games Il-D.... 24,95 "'^"l™ " ^'^

Wifller Games-D 24,95

Eidolon-D 24,95

KoronisRiltD 24 95

Apsha, Tr.loBy-D J4 » SoiceieTo" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 ! ! iSS

Fast Load-Can 2495 mfujsi.D . . , 29.95

ACCESS Sea Slalker-D 24.95

Beachhead-D 2195 Suspecl-D 29.95

Beachhead Il-D 24 95 See Alan Secfron tor flesi ot

Items and Prices

MISCELLANEOUS COMMODORE

Ultima lll-D 37 95 Amer Cross Country

FtiQliI Simulator Il-D ... .34 95 flace-D 20 95

Caslle Wol(ens1eln-D , . .2095 Syncalc-D 34 95

Superbase 64-D .4795 Superbn*l Sunday-D . , .24 96

Strip PokerD 23 95 Railroad Works-0 24 95

Slap Shot Hockey-D ... 16,95 VIPTerminal-D 29,95

Mastertype-D 2795 CompuServe Starter Kit 21,95

Star League Baseball-D 20 95 Reach lor the Stars-D . . .29,95

SAM-D 4195 Carriers al War-D 34 95

Alien Voice Box 99.95 Compubndge-D 1995

Sargon lll-D 34.95 Grand Master Chess-D 1995

Ultima IV-D 41.95 Voice Messenger-D 44.96

Typing Tutor lll-O 34.95 Main Event Bomng-D ,. .20.95

On Field Football-D 20.95 On Coun Tennis-D 20.95

Ultima Il-D 37.95 Crimson Crown-D 23.95

Blue Max-0 23 95 Ttie Worhs-O 34.95

Blue Man 20)1-0 20 95 Perry Mason-D 22,95

Relax-D 79 95 Sherlock Holmes-D 23,95

Microleague Baseball-O 29.95 Frank S Ernest Adv-D .. .23 95

Stunt Flyer-D 27.95 Kobayashi Allernalive-0 27 95

Expedition Amazon-D . . .23.95 Hacker-D 20,95

XyphusD 2795 Bfimstone-D 27.95

Transylvania-D 23.95 Fast Tracks-D 23.95

Halley Pro|ect-D 29.95 Ttie Hobbit-D 23.95

Bounty BoMan 29,95 Cave of Time-D ^.95

Fleet Sysien li-D 44.95 Escape-D 23.95

Space Shultle-D 20.95 Europe Ablaze-D 33.95

Gbosibusters-D 24.95 Karate Chairtp-D 25.95

Batler-Up-D 2995 Graphics Library

Karateka-D 20 96 I. II or lll-D 19.95

Newsroom-D 34 96 Island Capei-D 23.95

Paper Airplane KiI-0 ■. . . .23 96 Sylvia Potler-D 34.95

Print ShopD 34,95 Dolphin's RuneD 27.95

Chem Lab 2795 Kung Fu-O Call

Disk Notchei 7.9S

No surcharge for MasterCard or Visa

Remember! has many attractive fea-
tures that make it flexil^le and easy to
use. You select all choices from menus,
and an optional command menu allows
quick, direct access to other program
functions. Special characters arc avail-
able so you can enter lessons in Ger-
man, Spanish, Italian, or French. When
using English, you can enter subscripts
and superscripts for chemistry formu-
las. A Help function is always available.
You can turn off the sound or change
the screen display from dark lettering
on a light background to vice versa.
With a printer, you can print out copies
of your lessons.

The program comes with a 64-page
manual divided into four sections. The
"User's Guide" section has extensive
and reasonably clear directions for all
program functions; "Learning How You
Learn" covers theories of memory and
how they relate to the way the program
works; "Tips On Making Databases"
gives practical suggestions on how to
organize lessons in specific subject
areas; and finally, there's a set of ap-
pendices and a bibliography. The pack-
age also includes a reference card for
the special characters and an extra disk
for storing lessons.

The few weaknesses of Remember!
are minor. Disk error messages are not
helpful, stating only that there is a

problem with the disk; and as men-
tioned above, entering hints with pic-
tures and music is awkward. But
overall, versatility and attention to de-
tail give Remember! the power to turn a
home computer into an effective and
powerful study aid.

Remember!

DesiguWare Inc.

185 Berrif Street

Sail Franciico. CA 94107

S79.95

Mudpies

For Atari 520ST

Gregg Keizer, Assistant Book Editor

Requirements: Atari 520ST system zcith a
color monitor. Joystick optioiinl.

SPLAT! In your face, clown. He waddles
away and another takes his place.
There are enough clowns in this circus
to fill ten of those tiny cars, and you
need some breathing room. Welcome to
Mudpies,

Mudpies is the first arcade-style
game we've seen for the Atari 520ST. It
turns you into Arnold, a fairly nasty kid
who likes to disrupt the circus by

throwing pies at clowns. Not that he's
without provocation, for the clowns
crowd him at every opportunity, send-
ing him to the First Aid tent at the
slightest touch. And the clowns throw
things back at Arnold — those Indian
clubs used by juggiers. Get beaned with
one of those, and you guessed it — an-
other trip to the First Aid tent. Three
trips to First Aid and the game's over
(although you can withstand additional
trips for each 10,000 points scored).

Reminiscent of Robotron, Mudpies
is a fast-action, grip-the-joystick (or
mouse) kind of game. Six rooms in each
level are littered with mudpies you can
pick up and fling in the direction you're
moving. The clowns, like robots really,
swarm toward you. They're not very
bright, and they can be avoided with a
little fancy footwork. But there are
enough of them, with more waiting in
the wings, to make it interesting. Also,
they bear more than a passing resem-
blance to Ronald McDonald.

Arnold has other things on his
mind besides clowns, however. His en-
ergy level depends on the fast food he
finds, and if he doesn't eat enough
hamburgers, fries, and shakes, he'll
slow dovvn terribly. Eat too much,
though, and the people watching you
play will shout "You're getting fat!"
Overeating slows down Arnold, too.

^^^.eieAuUe/ lA/im/ SaAdnas/.

V^

^v. GET A FREE CALCUUTOR
tt^" WITH EVERY BOX OF

VERBATIM DATALIFE

DataLifa 5/ diskehesi

LHefime Warranty
100'Ki efTor tree

2Vs" Single Sided

5'/4" Single Sided/
Double Density

5V4" Double Sided/

Double Density

Boxed in tens, with a FREE calculator on

every box of 5Vi"\ In envelopes with write

protect tabs and labels.

Price Each
50+

$2.25

$1.48
$1.70

$1.39
$1.65

Program Your Own EPROMS

VIC 20
C64

$99.50

Z

0)

0

a

CALL TOLL FREE 1 800 USA-FLEX

7 10 7 Central Time
10:30 to 3;00 Saturdays

USA:

135 N. Brandon Onve
Glendale Heights. IL 60139

In Illinois 1 (312)351-9700

Shipping/handling additional. Minimum
order S50.00 Visa. Mastercard and prepaid
orders accepted- Corporations rated 3A2 or
tjetler and governmem accounis are
accepted on a net 30 basis. COD- orders
add an additional S5-00 special tiandling
charge, APO. FPO, AK, HI & PR orders add
an additional 5% of Itie total order amount to
cover PAL and insurance- Illinois residents
add 6'/.% taii.

PLUGS INTO USER PORT.
NOTHING ELSE NEEDED.
EASY TO USE. VERSATILE.

• Read or Program. One byte or
32K bytes!

OR Use like a disk drive. LOAD,
SAVE. GET INPUT PRINT CMD,
OPEN, CLOSE— EPROM FILES!
Our sodware lets you use familiar BASIC comnnands to
create, modify, scratch files on readily available EPROf^*!
chips. Adds a new dimension to your computing capability.
Works with most f^/IL f^/lonitors too.

• r\1ake Auto-Start Cartridges of your programs.

• The promenade" 01 gives you 4 programming voltages,
2 EPROM supply voltages, 3 intelligent programming
algorithms, 15 bit chip addressing, 3 LED's and NO
switches. Your computer controls everything from software!
Textool socket. Anti-static aluminum housing,
EPROfi/IS. cartridge PC boards, etc. at extra charge.
Some EPROM types you can use with the promenade"

2758 2532

2516 2732

2716 27C32

27C16 2732A

•Commodofe Susinms MadMnes

462732P 27128 5133 WflieA*

25S4 27256 6t43 52813'

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Gall Toll Free: 800-421-7731
In California: 800-421-7748

13

JASON-RANHEIM

580 Parrott St., San Jose, C A 95112

THE SCHWANN

COMPACT DISC H H

CAIALOG

W"' ' \^

^Bk*J

Mo^immin'E cussic u..

MOHK 77/. l.V r^i CI) RB VAir.S

'"' i

PREMIERKlg^

NOW AVAILABLE

at selected dealers or, if you prefer, order direct!

LISTINGS: 4,500 complete
Compact Disc listings on
more than 125 record
labels. Divided into three
categories — Classical,
Pop and Jazz — this
uniquely designed section
will feature cross-refer-
encing of all classical
releases by song title/
work and by composer/
artist.

CD REVIEWS: Timely analysis
by the editors of W/g/r
Fidelity of the most recent
releases. More than 50 in
the first edition alone.

CD TECHNOLOGY: Where is
this revolution headed?
How to use and maintain
your hardware and soft-
ware. Keep pace with the
products that are chang-
ing the world of audio.

JUST S^95 (plus $1.00 postage and handling)

cpt

Please send me .

.copy

(copies) of THE SCHWANN
COMPACT DISC CATALOG at
£2.95 plus SI .00 tor postage and
handling each.
I enclose

RATES: FOREIGN AND CANADA— 12.95 PLUS
tl.50 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING PER
COPY CHECK OR MONEY ORDER IN US CUR-
RENCY MUST ACCOMPANY ORDER

MR 'MS

ADDRESS

CITY/STATi^ZIP

MAKE CHECK OR MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO

ABC Schwann. P.O. Box 11120,

Cnurcti Street Station, New York, N.Y. 10249

ORDER CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PAYMENT

December 198S COMPUTEI 81

CUSTOM ROM S-1995

NOW YOU CAN HAVE YOUR COMPUTER POWER UP MESSAGE SAY ANYTHING YOU WANT. IN ANY COLOR YOU WANT.

Color of Cursor • Color Of Screen • Color Of Border • Cfioose Up To 31 Letters As Your Power Up Message

Also mciuded is Ihe 2 Key Load. Pressing Ihe Shiit'Riin Stop wiH load S. 1

You can choose from any of Vhese colors: Black, While. Ret}. Light Red. Cyan. Purple. Greeri, Lieni Green. Blue, Light Blue. Yellow. Orange. Brown, Dark G^ey, Mediurri Grey, Light Gfey.

P.S. . . . It sure is nice having your own colors and message on the screen on power up.'

MASTER LOCK

HerBn 3t l^st. ^s a. program that will protect your software programs l^om unauthorised
duplicating, i to i miUjon copies can be protecled. last and easy.

• SpeciaMy designed tor t^e 0-64 and 1541 Disk Drive.

• Compietety encrypis and protects your programs.

• Fully compalilJiB with almost all machine language and basic programs — can even
suppofi chained programs

• Contains a special feature which protects your program from being broken '

• Incorpofales all the Jatesl techniques m program encryphon and prelection.

• Each system has been specially prepared and is untque from all other systems — onEy
you are able to make working duplicates of ypur owri protecled programs.

• Simple and easy to use — eniireiy menu drive with prompts.

• Will stop Virtually all software copiers from duplicating your programs.

• Fast and reliable protection (ouline does not take away any useable space ffom your
disk — all 664 blocks are available lor use

» Easy to follow step by step mstructions are included on tt^e disk

• A miust lor all pi>ogrammers who do not want thei/ programs to be in pubhc domain!

Even ttie "nidblefs" can't copy Ihem l^oteven 'Disk Maker. 'Mister Nibbles. *CQpy 11. 'UUra
Byte or *Fasi Hackem. The time to protect you disk ss only 5<five) seconds and each Master
Lock makes a different protection scheme. Onty

*Oisk MakerTM, Basix $0095

•Mrster Nibbles"""^. Full Circle

'Copy fl^'*^. Central Point Software

•Ultra Byie^*^. Ultra Byle

-Fast Hackem^'*', easement Boys Software

'29*

TOOL BOX

This disk has over lOO toutines, some of them aie routines for protection. smoott> sctoJImg,
moden^ routines, and sound and color routines. QootmaHer, paddle and [oystick, read te:-
minaU auto dial, auto answer. Ttiey can easily be incorporated into all of your programs. It is
also fully documented. With this djsk aifone you couid buitd your own program. This disk has
a Jot of triicks that are used in commercial software,

95

M9

SWIFTERM AND MODEM

This is the best package anywhere!

SWIFTERM:

is absolutely tl^e easiest terminal program available anywfiere.

• Works with the 1&60, and Westridge Moden^

• New printer and midweslern ptotocal

• Printer dump

• DOS commarids acsess from menu

• Phone book

• Auto dial (with auto redial)

• 29K storage buffer
« Save to disk

« Standard ASCII up/down loadmg

• 300/1200 Baud

This is an eiccellent easy to use program for a very reasonatjie price,

THE fUODEM:

Auto dial, auto answer. 300 Baudf modem that ts iOOVo compatible with Commadors 1650

modem, so all our software will run wMh i|. <% A PQA

ALL THIS FOR ONLY OO

So why buy iusi another f^tminst program when you can get a modeiTji, too'"^'

300/1200 BAUD

Modem lor the 0-64

Witl^ SWIFTERM

,1169

00

GRAPHIC LABEL MAKER

Give your Jabets the professional touch. With Hi Rez Graphics make your own design or use
one ou! 60 pfemade labels with easy to use on screen editor. You car. msert up to three lines
of text then choose Itie picture you want to put on the left hand side of the label Ttien you
can priTil out as many fabels as you want. This has got to be the neatest label program out
there and it's only C A M QC

'24*

mj^^-

l-fe-l

wm-bh-

[■^'\

[^^ I'';"""""

^.H

^^r ":;^::

□e

> -:

'Aiso dvatlabie — the xfated GfapMc psckags tor fhe 64 and
you/ print shop. There 's 60 H> Rex pictures

524^5

1541 M.A.S.H.

Now you can service your own 15^1 disk drive using I5i! M A S.H Save big bucks on repair
bMIs Rate the performance of yourdfive, Test and adjust flPM's Test and adjusi head align-
ment. Step by step instructions that anyone can follow, Pays for ifseil the first lime you use
it loadjusl a misbehaving drive. No knowledge o' electronics is necessary. All you needs is a
screwdriver and 20 minutes. ^ - /\a|:

NOW ONLY ^19"^

DISK TRACKER

Now you can log all of your disks into a neat IHing system. Automatically record disk names
and program titles. Allows you to quickly scan what you've got. Sorts titles; piinls jacKet
covers: store up to 1600 disk directories on one disk. Search quickly through youi entire disk
collection for a mJsplaced program. Works with one drive or two. Fast, easy operation. This
program is a must for everyone!

ONLY

$1995

THE XXXXXXXXXX

X-RATED GRAPHICS LIBRARY

Your Print Show May Never Be Ttie Same!

X-Rated Graphics guaranteed to spice up your special ielterheads, greeting cards, signs and
banners! Everything from mild to Look Out Nelly! 60 Erotic additions to fieat up your print
shop graphics library, plus & ribald Screen Magic additions! ^ #) A QR

Prrnt Shop is a trademark of Brodef^bund. fc^

GRAPHICS & GAME DISK

X-Raled adventure like you have never seen before Complete with graphic simulations

S2495

Plus: X-Rated Cartoons

HAVE WE GOT A MESSAGE . . . FOR YOUI

M^ssaga ... is a unique graphics integration package which allows you to continoousty display hiresotution and mullicolDriiles. Up to li2 files* maybe stored in memory and displayed from l to 59
seconds each.

Mesaags . . . can use Print Strap Screen Magic' fifes, Flenidraw files. Doodle*, Koala Painter, and more! Message , , . even comes with a "Screen Maker' program to create your own message files!

Use Mesaag*. . . tor advertising displays, titles for home videos, art shows, etc Message .. . even plays background music to accompar>y displays and you can create your own music files with

the Music Maker' program,

Also Included »» 'Graphic Aids' utilities for conversion of different file types. Including conversion of Koala Painter fifes to Doodlel or Prfnt Shop!

The price for all this? Just 19 incluiding shipping and handling

'Actual number of Hies dependent on file complexity.

82 COMPUTEI December 1985

MAGNUM LOAD

Programed by Jtm Drew .^ _

SI IT' nAQ.

MAGNUM LOAD is a new replacement KERNAL{Qpera!ing system) ROM chip for your Com- Progfam Do* Load

modoreSor 12B computer ihat will ioad and verify programs up to 6 times faster Ihan before. PitstoplL ............... ? 144 sec

The lape routines have been removed from the oJd chip and in their place have been put a Music Stiop '^ t05 sec

high-speed loader, high-speed verHyn 3.nd disk driver no'headrattfe rouline- Unlike the o*der .... ■ f 'ri i fh r i 'i 7n

cartridge tas( loaders, no ports aie tied up at the rear ol the computer, the screen is not Hitchhiker s trnide \a me Caaiaxy /u sec,

blanked during loading and there is r>o wear-antttear on the ejcpans^on port. For maximum On-fleld Foolbali ? 149 sec.

convenience and performance, the chip is instaKed difeclly in the circuit board, Geneially a EASY FINANCE I ? 58 sec.

.soci^el has already been provided to make the operation easy,, but occasionally somesotcfer- G#\ MOti

ing may be required. Now you car^ give your 1541 disk drive "1571 speed." ^2 A

Rather than give you more exagerated claims aboyt how many times faster our HOM chip is _ ,* ., ucin u

compared to the slower cartridge versions, a comparison chart is supplied listing ^ ^^ °^ ersion

MEASURED loading times. 'Will not fast load ■ defaulted back to regular ioad

Mach

Fftvt

MAGNUM

5 Load

LOAD

i3sec. Ji sec.

31 s«.

05 sec.- 105-

21 sec

70 sec- N.G."

ea sec.

66 sec. 63 SBC.

seiec.

;3 sec 13 sec.

11 uc.

S3995

for Combo version

■•Failed loioadal all

D-CODER

■ Translates any machjne language program into easy-lo-ready English descriptions with
complete explanations of each command.

• Makes complete notations of all important memory localions accessed by Ihe program
(SID, VIC. MOS, KERNAL etc.)

' Gives you three ways of accessing programs:

1. Will r««d «nd lUt programs from DISK

2. Will mad and Msl progrsmft from MEMORY

3. Pir«ct u«er Input {from m«gazlneft, ate.)

• Can be used to locate and examine any machine language program's protection
routines!

• Can be used to easily break apart machine language programs for study and
examinatlDn!

• Printer option tor complete hard copy listings! g-J Q95
You no [ongar naed lo t» an EGGHEAD (o raad Mactitna Languiga. I v

NCODER

THE PERFECT COMPANION PROGRAM TO D-CODER!

Allows you to easllv make changei In machine language programs . ■ - right on the disk!

• Rewrite abilily allows code to be allered and then rewritten directly to the disk!

• Features seclor-by sector scrolling assembly language display ot machine language
prog ram sf

• Notalion of ASCII text equivaJents for easy spotting of embedded lexl strings!

• Handy reference c5isplay of all assembly language commands and their ML numerical
equivalents!

• Byte splitter for easy splitting ol decimal $H Q95
addresses into low byte-high byte formal! I v

SOFTWARE PROTECTION HANDBOOK
Third Edition! Now Available!

If youVe lirad o( being harassed by protected software and too many copy programs, then
tnis is the book for you! Tfiis 224 page manual covers the gamut from legalities to protection
methods to step by step back up procedures, iSFow you can learn t>olh how to protect and
unprotaci software! The techniques covered include copying cartridges to tape or disk, tape
protection, and disk protection. Disk protection covers errornumbers 20, 21.22.23. 27 and 29
plus single track formatting, header modilication, header swapping, half track rea^Jing and
writing, feacJing and modified tJit densities, formatting illegal track/sectors, sync writing and
morel The Third edition explains, tells hew to detect and how lo write them with mcluded
soltware.

M9«'us

52999^,

"Shipping: $2 00

C-64 Book Only .

Book & Disk of 31I Pragrams

This manual daaa not condone piracf

TRACK TRAP' The 1541 Disk Expander!
• Supplement to the Software Protection Handbook •

The most unusual and innovative protection analysis tool for the Commodofe yet! — Not For
Be{}lnner9 — This system expands your 1541 drive giving capability otherwise only possible
tor profasslanal disk duplication equipment. Now you can create or analyze enotic forms ol
disk protection. 'D.O.S. Kings' Take Note!" — Entire tracks ot data can be read and written
without regard to "slandard' sync and format. You are not longer llmrted to sector by sector
searches. Whole track readouts reveal hidden data even when all or most ol the sectors have
been erased. Uncovers and writes data under erro/s. pulse coded sync or dala, hidden data
and access codes, multiple track densities and more^ This supplemental manual covers tne
complete implementation of the track trap system including necessary software and
hardware documentation.

$Q95

Top Secret Stuff I and Top Secret Stuff II

Pfogramecf by Jim Drew

Are t>oth collections of 20 programs per d^iskette (that works out toatx^utSt.OOper program!)
that help you explore and enhance yoor Commodore 64 artd/or 128 and t54i disk drive. Now
you can unlock many secrets formerly t^nown only to top machine language pfogrammefs by
using these sophisticated "tools." If you have ever been curious about the inner workings of
your computer system, now Is your chance to dig in and find answers with the help of these
programs. Ttiesecollectlons of programs have gotten rave reviews from actual useis, and
we are sure that you. loo. will be pleased.

Ttit proQrafnB include on evch dlakvtle art Hitftd below

TOP SECRET STUFn

The Dock (view/repair disft contents)

Sync Cti»chtr (diskette)

Imbedded Track Number Creator

Disk Minlpuletlon Syitem

3 Minute Copy (backup program)

Diskette Matcher [compare sectors)

Unscralch A File (recover hie)

View BAM [bloc^ ahocatior map]

1&41 flead/Wrlle Test

Vi Track Reader

Header Reader {display disk header)

Sync Maker

Device Number Change (disk drivel

Electronic Arti Becltup

Drivb Mon (dhSk drive m/1 monitor)

Diskette File Log (start-end address)

WrlteProlect Sensor Teet

Repair A Track (recover data)

Fast Format {10 seconds)

Y) Trach Formettar

TOP SECRET STUFF II

RAM T«sl ItesI Compuler RAMI

Copy SAOOO-tFFFF (undef nOMSl

Oliplay G.C.R. (Atl sector data)

Un-WrllB ProiKl (tfiskeile)

UrtnAW Program

Wadga . MOOO

Smoflth Scroll (messages up screen)

Koala Dump (koala pad screen dumpj

Disk Manipulation Syatam

Disk Erasw (20 second clean wipe!

Spill Screen (TWO screen colors!

Disk Protaction Syatern [slops copies)

Wrila Protect (diskelle)

Boot Maker (auiobooK BASIC programs)

Wedge - «C000

Dlskmatctier It (high speed versionl

Nq Drive Rattle (an reading e/rors)

3 Times Disk Drive Heaii Speed

Monitor Test (ct^eck video monilcr)

•19

85

>19

95

WAR GAMES AUTODIALER

1. Auto Dial wi'l automatically dial a set of numbers you choose,

2. Review Numbers wiH review numbers that were answered by a
computer.

3. Save Numtwrs will save numbers where a computer answered.

4. Herdcopy of Numbers will print out list of numbers where a com-
puter answered.

5. LOAD Numbers will ?oad in numbers lo continue where it left off.

6. Continue will pick up dialing where it was interrupted.

$OQ95

>29

Track Trap disk expanded manual ,,

US

BBS

• 300^1200 Sand

• Remote access for sysop

• 2 levels of security lor up and down load

• 7 rooms (read and wfite) with 4 security levels

• Secret highest level

• Open chalk boaj'd

• Auto message cycling

• Printer option

Plus the only BBS with all three (3) proticals X modem.

new punter and midwest term, so anyone can up/down

toad.

Dont he fooled by cheap imitations. This ts the most

comprehensive system available anywhere. Now at a

new low price.

S0095

»39

Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or
Personal Check. Allow 14 days (or delivery.
2 to 7 (Jays for phone orders. Canada orders
must be in U.S. Dollars. VISA — MASTER
CARD — C.O.D.

Programs lor C.64 t2-00 S 4 H on all orders

Sotlware Submissions Invited

MegaSof t Limited

P.O. Box 1080, Battle Ground, Washington 98604

Phone 800-541-1541 'BBS 687-5205 After Homs Computer 10 Compuler (BBSI

December 1985 COMPUTEI 83

One or two people can play Mud-
pies, with two players alternating turns.
The graphics are entertaining, as is the
music (up to a point, when you might
prefer to turn it off with a press of a
function key). Looking like an IBM PC
game more than anything else, down to
the typeface of the display, Mudpies
doesn't take full advantage of the ST.
No menus, no icons, and you can't
return to the GEM desktop without re-
booting— but the game is still a tent full
of fun.

Pesky downs swarm foicarrf Arnold as he
defends himself by flinging mudpies,

Mouse Or Joystick?

The only way to score points is to splat-
ter clowns. Advancing to the next room
or level changes neither the scoring nor
the speed or intelligence of the clowns.
It makes for a repetitive game, and you
can get good at it in a short time. One
interesting feature is something called
the Mudslinging Round, where the
clowns don't chase you and don't
throw things. You've got 30 seconds to
mudpie as many of the purple-wigged
clowns as you can, racking up bonus
points left and right. It's great revenge.

Though you can control Arnold
with the mouse, try a joystick instead.
Mouse controllers may be great for ma-
nipulating Macintosh-style graphics, but
for anyone who's arcade-trained, a joy-
stick will probably feel more natural. In
a fast game like Mudpies, you need
every edge you can get.

If you rack up one of the highest
scores, you can type your name on a
vanity screen. However, the screen is
not saved on disk. Unfortunate, for the
game is addicting enough to make you
want to beat whatever score was last
posted. Function keys let you pause the
game and turn off the music (though
not the sound effects).

A few bugs cropped up while play-
ing Mudpies. Several times the game
paused on its own, the music suddenly
turned itself on, and once the game
stopped altogether and flipped back to
the title screen, MichTech attributes all

these bugs to the 520ST's operating
system, saying that erratic control codes
are being read from the joystick. The
bugs are irritating, but not disastrous.
Keep an eye on this computer — its
wide selection of colors, large memory,
and speed make it a potentially great
game machine. Mudpies, first out of the
blocks, is a good beginning.

Mudpies

MichTron

567 S, Telegraph

Pontiac M! 48053

529.95

BASIC XB

For Atari XL & XE

Robert L. Riggs

Requirements: Atari XL or XE computer
with at least 64K RAM. Disk drive
recomriiended.

About two years ago. Optimized Sys-
tems Softi-vare brought out an extended
BASIC cartridge for Atari computers.
As a sequel to OSS's disk-based BASIC
A+ introduced back in 1981, the
BASIC XL cartridge was fantastic. It
added 45 new commands and wrapped
up Atari BASIC, BASIC A + , and Micro-
soft BASIC in one neat package. Fur-
thermore, BASIC XL was made
upwardly compatible with Atari
BASIC, so it would run existing Atari
BASIC programs, I discovered that
games previously typed in from maga-
zines— and abandoned because of their
sluggish pace — ran at near-arcade
speeds with BASIC XL. And it still of-
fered Microsoft-style string handling,
auto line numbering, block line dele-
tions, and a host of other features.

When Atari introduced its 130XE
this year, OSS upgraded BASIC XL for
the new 128K machine. The result,
BASIC XE, runs on all the XL computers
but also adds commands to take advan-
tage of the 130XE's expanded memory.
The most important new command is
XTEND. After you've typed or loaded a
program into memory on the 130XE,
you can use this command to move the
program into the alternate 64K bank. At
that point, your program and data
space are separate — the former occupy-
ing the alternate 64K, and the latter
occupying the main 48K (leaving about
35K free for data and strings). An op-
tional third parameter for PEEK and
POKE statements gives you access to
any section of the 130XE's memory —
the four extended banks of 16K or the
main 48K RAM.

Of course, the XTEND command
works only on the 130XE, not on the XL
computers. Also, if you save a BASIC
XE program which has been XTENDed,
you can't load it back with either BASIC
XL or Atari BASIC.

Like its predecessor, BASIC XE
offers several additions to the Atari
BASIC vocabulary, including ELSE,
WHILE, ENDIF, ENDWHILE, PRINT
USING, TAB, and TRACE/TRACEOFF.
Atari's player/missile graphics are made
easier to use via commands like
MISSILE, BUMP, HITCLR, PMCOLOR,
PMGRAPHICS, PMMOVE, PMWIDTH,
and PMCOLOR.

Another extremely powerful in-
struction is SET. It lets you exercise
control over a variety of system-level
functions. You can quickly and easily
disable or enable the BREAK key,
change tab stop settings for the comma
in PRINT statements, alter the prompt
character for INPUT, automatically
DlMension strings, and instruct the
LIST formatter to indent structured
statements. BASIC XE also has DOS
commands, including DIR (directory),
ERASE, PROTECT, UNPROTECT, and
RENAME.

Memory Magic

There's much more. You get commands
like DPEEK/DPOKE (for PEEKing and
POKEing double-byte values), ERR (for
reporting errors), FIND (a search com-
mand), HSTICK/VSTICK (for the joy-
sticks), and SYS (for jumping directly to
a memory address). And unlike Atari
BASIC, BASIC XE lets you type your
programs in lowercase or reverse char-
acters. No more hitting the CAPS or
reverse key after an annoying syntax
error!

Normally you'd expect such a
powerful BASIC to consume much
more memory than standard 8K Atari
BASIC, But the 16K BASIC XE cartridge
cleverly bank-selects its ROM so that it
displaces only 8K of RAM. Also, some
of the commands (such as most of those
for player/missile graphics) are stored
on a disk that comes with the cartridge.
Although you don't absolutely need a
disk drive to use the BASIC XE car-
tridge, you won't be able to use these
extra commands without one.

Among the extended commands
on disk are a SORT statement that ac-
cepts numeric arrays as well as string
arrays; a FAST command that tells
BASIC XE to precompile the program
currently in memory, so programs run
several times faster than with Atari
BASIC; RENUM, for renumbering
BASIC programs; LVAR, to list variable
names; RGET and RPUT, for reading or
writing whole records with devices;
and MOVE, a block memory transfer.

84 COMPUTEl December 19S5

The manual thoroughly explains
BASIC XE and is carefully indexed. The
more you use BASIC XE, the more you
realize it should have been built into
the 130XE in the first place. If you
intend to do much BASIC program-
ming, especially on the 130XE, BASIC
XE is a must.

BASIC XE

Optimized Systems Software

1221B Kcntu'ood Avenue

San Jose, CA 95129

$79

Rescue Raiders
For Apple

James V. Trunzo

Requirements: Apple ll-series computer
with at least 48K RAM, a disk drive, and «
joystick.

Rescue Raiders is more than a little remi-
niscent of Brederbund Software's pop-
ular ChopHfier, yet easily stands on its
own as an arcade game, It offers suffi-
cient varieties of play and objectives to
challenge even skilled arcade enthu-
siasts.

The theme is rather mundane, but
the implementation contains a number
of innovative elements. It seems that
futuristic terrorists have time-warped
sophisticated weapons into the middle
of World War II and into the hands of
the Germans. Fortunately, you, too,
possess several of these "ultimate"
weapons, and if you have the skill to
use them, you can prevent history from
being changed.

Controlling a command helicopter
equipped with the latest in weaponry
and radar technology, you can attack
the enemy, observe the battlefield,
transport troops, and attempt to destroy
the enemy's helicopter — a clone of
your own craft. The game demands
solid arcade skills to manipulate your
chopper and carry out these missions.

To add an element of strategy, you
must win battles as economically as
possible and learn how to employ your
troops to their best advantage. Rescue
Raiders definitely places more emphasis
on arcade action than on strategy, how-
ever; except for a few prehistoric see-
em blast-em games, nearly every
arcade game has at least some element
of strategy. A few factors do set Rescue
Raiders apart, though. Economics enter
the picture when you decide how to
purchase men and equipment with
funds earned by time spent in battle.
Your score is partly determined by the

amount of money you've spent and the
number of lives lost in combat.

Other nice touches include excel-
lent graphics and animation, plus cap-
sule histories of European cities
involved in World War II. {The histories
appear after you win one of eight in-
creasingly difficult battles in the game.)
However, the game is almost totally
devoid of sound effects. The omission is
so noticeable that I first assumed the
program disk was defective.

Overall, Rescue Raiders is a good,
very challenging arcade game that
could be even better with a frill here
and there.

Rescue Raiders
Sir-Tech Software, Inc.
96 Maiii Street
Ogdenbiirg, NY 73669
SM.35

Field Of Fire
For Atari & 64

James V. Trunzo

Requirements: Commodore 64 or an Atari
400/800, XL, or XE computer with at least
48K RAM. Both versions also require a
disk drive and a joi/stick. The Atari ver-
sion was reviewed.

Sarge, Freda, Billings, and Wild Bill are
pinned down behind the seawall. The
English Channel is at their backs and
the buildings in front of them are full of
Germans. Angry Germans. It's June 6,
1944 — Omaha Beach — and the enemy
machine gun and artillery fire is in-
tense. Casualties mount. Finally Sarge,
a veteran from the 1st Division's days
in North Africa, remembers something
he once heard. "What do you guys
want, to live forever?" he shouts, and
leads his rifle team over the wall.

The rest is history, or in the case of
this World War II simulation, just part
of the game. Field of Fire, written by
Roger Damon, the creator of Breder-
bund's Operation Whirlwind, is an en-
thralling game of computer combat.
Eight separate scenarios, ranging from
the 1942 campaign in Tunisia to the
spring 1945 crossing of the Roeher River,
and every major battle in between, puts
you in command of Easy Company,
part of the 1st Infantry Division, the Big
Red One.

As the company commander, you
give orders to the six-man teams armed
with rifles, machine guns, bazookas, or
mortars. Each team's abilities, such as
weapon range and firepower, are based
on true-life factors, and managing the

various teams is a large part of a suc-
cessful battle.

Separate game phases let you ob-
serve the battlefield, lay down fire,
move, and assault nearby positions. All
commands are selected by manipulat-
ing the joystick controller or pressing
one of three keys on the keyboard.
Three levels of difficulty, the eight sce-
narios, and an extended Campaign
Game make Field of Fire a game you'll
play more than once.

Stealth Makes Health

As in actual World War II battles, win-
ning at Field of Fire requires attention to
detail and a bit of luck. Maneuvering
and firing — a phase in which some of
your men move from one place of cover
to another while others fire at suspected
or known enemy positions — is a vital
tactic to master. Charging blindly only
brings immediate enemy response, pin-
ning down your men. A few minutes of
this could disintegrate your company.
You have to make use of woods, ridges,
hedgerows, streams, buildings, and
roads. To be caught in the open is to
risk annihilation.

Efficient use of your weapons
teams is also important. Machine guns
wreak havoc with enemy infantry, but
against armor they'll merely force the
tanks to "button up," just slightly re-
stricting their movements. You must
keep a few bazooka teams ready when
the German panzers make an appear-
ance. And your forward observers
(when attached to your company) must
be protected from all danger— placed at
the tops of hills, their ability to call
down artillery fire can turn the tide.

Field of Fire is quite good. You
quickly get the flavor of combat and
command. Some problems do crop up,
however, Compared to the Germans in
most scenarios, your men are just too
good. Close assaults, in which your
teams toss grenades and overrun a
neighboring position, almost always re-
sult in a victory. Also, games sometimes
seem to end abruptly. In one scenario,
"Forever Road," you're supposed to
move your company off the top of the
map. But if you eliminate all the enemy
units beforehand, the game ends with a
less than acceptable victory level.

The bottom line is that Field of Fire
is a sweaty palms kind of game. You
won't smell the cordite or see the de-
struction, but your imagination fills that
in quite sufficiently. Try it — but keep
your eyes on that next treeline.

Field of Fire

Strategic Simulations, Inc.

833 Stierlin Road, Building A-200

Mountain View, CA 94043

S39.95

December 1985 COMPUTEI 85

NEC PC-8401A Portable Computer

Gregg Keizer, Assistant Book Editor

Lap-sized portable computers are every-
where. You see them under the arms of
business people, students, journalists,
lawyers, and writers. It's almost impos-
sible to board a jetliner without seeing
one or hearing the clack of its keys. No
wonder, for a lap portable lets you take
your work virtually anywhere. And
with the internal modems built into
most lap portables, it's simple to com-
municate with other computers thou-
sands of miles away.

The NEC PC-8401A portable com-
puter is no exception to all of this. With
four programs permanently stored in
Read Only Memory (ROM), the NEC
offers word processing, personal filing,
spreadsheet analysis, and telecommu-
nications— anywhere, anytime.

Like most lap portables, the NEC
contains internal nickel-cadmium bat-
teries which continuously trickle cur-
rent to the Random Access Memory
(RAM) chips, thus maintaining your
data even v\'hen the power switch is
turned off. The NiCad batteries, in turn,
are continuously recharged by either
four C batteries or an optional AC
adapter. A low battery indicator warns
when you're down to your last 30 to 60
minutes of power. The C batteries last
three to eight hours, depending on their
type. Even if the batteries fail and an
external power supply isn't connected,
the NEC retains saved files for up to
five days.

The NEC has a full-stroke key-

board and a larger screen than most lap
portables — 80 columns by 16 lines. It
has a total of 64K RAM and 96K ROM,
plus a built-in operating system, CP/M
(Control Program/Microcomputers).
The package includes a phone cable for
the modem and a cassette recorder
cable for storing files on tape.

Onboard Software

Wordstar-to-Go, the word processing
program, is a truncated version of the
popular Wordstar. If you already know
Wordstar, moving to the NEC's smaller
version is a snap. Most of the com-
mands are retained, and the ones that
aren't, such as soft hyphenation and
on-screen file directories, aren't really
missed. Writing on the NEC is a plea-
sure. The keyboard has a solid feel and
the screen is fast enough to keep pace
with your typing.

Calc-to-Go is the NEC's spread-
sheet program. You can create up to 64
columns and 256 rows, though the win-
dow on your screen is only 80 charac-
ters wide by 14 rows (a status line takes
up the other two rows). The program
has most standard spreadsheet fea-
tures, such as entering data and formu-
las, arithmetic and logical functions,
and editing or deleting data, rows, and
columns.

Personal Filer lets you design cards
and files which contain information
such as addresses, phone numbers, and

client notes. You can search and sort
these cards, even use them to automati-
cally dial phone numbers. Modifying,

viewing, and entering new cards is fair-
ly simple.

The fourth program included in
the NEC is a telecommunications pack-
age called Telecom. Using the internal
300 bits-per-second modem (an exter-
nal 1200 bps modem is optional), you
can access information services, elec-
tronic bulletin boards, and almost any
other computer connected to a modem.
Telecom can upload and download files,
dial numbers, and automatically log on
to services. You can set up directory
files and build log-on sequences. Both
no protocol and Modem7 protocol are
supported, and Wordstar-to-Co files can
be converted to straight ASCII for up-
loading to other computers.

Documentation for these programs
is extensive. Three manuals plus a gen-
eral User's Guide come with the corn-
puter. Examples are easy to follow, for
the most part, and cover almost all
commands and features.

NEC offers a wide range of acces-
sories, including an externa! SVi-inch
disk drive (320K), a battery-powered
32K RAM cartridge, and cables for par-
allel printers, monochrome monitors,
and RGB color monitors.

For the price, the NEC has much to
offer. Word processing, spreadsheet
management, filing, and telecommu-
nications— all at your fingertips.

NEC PC-SiOTtA

NEC Home Etecfroiiics (USA) Inc.

1407 £s/t'S Al'cmtc

Elk Grove Viltai^e, IL 60007

$999

MouseWrlte For
Apple lie And lie

Gregg Keizer, Assistant Book Editor

Requirements: Apple lie zuith extended
memory 80-column card and a disk drive
or an Apple lie. Mouse recommended.

Pull-down menus, overlapping win-
dows, mouse-driven commands, and
clipboards — seems like they're every-
where. The Macintosh, Amiga, Atari
520ST, and even the IBM PC with the
GEM operating system take advantage
of these tools, offering programs easy to
learn and use. Word processing pro-
grams such as MacWrite and Microsoft's
Word on the Macintosh, for instance,
are built around this type of user inter-
face. Now, with a program called

MouseWrite, you can point and click
your way through your prose on an
Apple lie or enhanced Apple He.

MouseWrite is a full-featured word
processor, complete with all the stan-
dard text entry, editing, and formatting
functions people have come to expect.
What makes it different is not so much
what it does, but how it does it. If
you're able to point and click a button,
you can delete text, change margins, do
boldfacing or underlining, justify, and
search and replace.

The program looks and works
somewhat like a Macintosh application.
The AppleMouse — though not re-
quired— is used to move the cursor,
display menus, and select options. If
you're not using a mouse, keyboard
commands are available. A bar at the
top of the screen contains eight menus,
ranging from Windows and Page to
Edit and File. Everything is within easy
reach. A ruler showing margins and
tabs can be displayed or hidden. Two

windows can be open at the same time,
letting you cut and paste sections of text
from one version of a document to an-
other. Printers can he selected and text
formatted with a click.

Familiarity Breeds Content

If you've used a Macintosh word pro-
cessor such as MacWrite, acclimation to
MouseWrite is simple. Its operation is so
comfortable that you can be up and
writing within a few minutes of loading
the program. Since the menus and com-
mands are all just a click away, there's
little need to pore over the manual. If
you're unfamiliar with Macintosh-like
programs, the documentation quickly
gets you started, though many of
MouseWrite's features and commands
will seem intuitive. Choosing the Find
menu, for instance, leads you to three
choices: Find Next, Replace Then Find,
and Replace All. The text you want to
find and replace is simply typed in.
Even file and disk management, such as

86 COMPUTEI December 198S

formatting disks, and opening, closing,
and deleting files, is done with only a
simple command or two.

Other MouseWrite features include
automatic page numbering, headers,
footers (both of which can display the
current time and date), an optional on-
screen clock (which unfortunately must
be reset each time the program is boot-
ed), centering and justifying text, and
three spacing options. Scroll bars let
you move quickly through a long docu-
ment, and windows can be resized by
moving the mouse pointer.

MouseWrite makes writing what it
should be — fun. With virtually no com-
mands to memorize (at least when you
use the mouse), you can concentrate on
the words, not how the words get into
the computer,
MouseWrite

Roger Wagner Publishing
P.O. Box 582
Saittee, CA 92071
$125

Phantasie

For Apple & 64

James V. Trunzo

Reciuirements: Apple Il-series computer
with at least 48K RAM and a disk drive; or
a Commodore 64 with a disk drive. The
Apple version ivas reviewed.

I have a strong predilection toward fan-
tasy role-playing games, and when one
comes along that seduces me into hour
after hour of play, it's hard to keep from
sounding overenthusiastic. But such a
game has come along. Phantasie, from
Strategic Simulations, may be the best
fantasy role-playing game to come
down the silicon pike since Sir-Tech
conjured up Wizardry. As a matter of
fact — at the risk of sounding blasphe-
mous— in some ways Phantasie sur-
passes Wizardry.

Phantasie contains all the typical
ingredients that go into a top-notch
role-playing game: multiple characters
derived from various races, standard
professions (such as wizards, warriors,
thieves, and so on), magic, monsters,
and mayhem. However, the ways in
which Phantasie combines these ele-
ments sets it apart from typical adven-
ture games.

First, Phantasie employs a vertical
split screen, the left side showing the
area in which the party of adventurers
is traveling and the right showing the
party itself. During combat (a frequent
occurrence in Phatttasie), the enemy ap-
pears in front of the adventurers on the
left, and the fight evolves into a

semianimated affair. Spells hurl up and
down the screen, striking each oppo-
nent. Swords, stingers, fangs, and claws
are thrust in the direction of the enemy,
with appropriate sound effects accom-
panying hits and misses. Of course,
combat isn't always a must: You can
greet an enemy, flee, accept a surren-
der, or attempt a bribe. Strategy is vital,
especially early in the game when the
adventurers are weak.

Phantasie keeps you in the dark,
never showing you what's ahead until
you explore the area. However, once
you've explored the territory or dun-
geon (there are ten, all large and dan-
gerous), the program "remembers" and
displays the area when you reenter it
later. There are 16 screens of territory in
Phantasie's land of Gelnor, so this elim-
inates the drudgery of painstakingly
mapping a large area on paper, while
retaining the game's mystery. In addi-
tion to saving lots of time, this feature
emphasizes one of Phantasie's major
strengths: It is exceedingly playable, yet
exceptionally challenging.

An Unfolding Story

Phantasie is aided tremendously by a
strong story line that actually develops
as you play. With help from 20 scrolls
scattered throughout Gelnor, the party
of adventurers is guided in its quest to
defeat the Black Knights and their sor-
cerer master, Nikademus. These scrolls,
hard-earned for the most part, contain
hints that are necessary to emerge vic-
torious. And don't be surprised if you
notice a resemblance to J.R.R. Tolkien's
Lord of the Rings.

The program allows a tremendous
amount of interaction between charac-
ters and, even more importantly, be-
tween the player(s) and the game itself.
It asks you to make choices often
enough to involve you in the action
without slowing up play, and the
choices directly affect the course of the
game. Too often in games of this sort,
the choices are gratuitous, negating
their value.

It's easy to go on about Phantasie
because there are a tremendous number
of facets to this program. Eighty differ-
ent monsters, more than 50 spells, 100
pieces of equipment, plus potions,
scrolls, rings, and other details make
the game fascinating to play. Whether
you're visiting a town or a dungeon,
fighting a troll or a swarm of killer bees,
or hiking through the mountains or the
deserts, your persona will be chal-
lenged both physically and mentally
throughout a game of Phantasie.

Phantasie

Strategic Simuialions, Inc.

8S3 Stierlin Road, Building A-200

Mountain View, CA 94043 ^

S39.95 ^

MW"^

[WORID

23 PARK ROW, NEW YORK, W.Y. 10038

800-221-8180 tl

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■<F-'0 5i

™. .T lUA- .a ^- «- .■ .-E .^ ■■ ■. " , ",; ■i.-T*«l

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•A(riMO'»TDeO'

• JUCOJU. CAMCTTZ
AAD CD CAMUH

■ viDta wonr catalcn;

i 23 PARK ROW. DBT, C12, NYC. NY 100S8

1 NAME: _^

I ADDRESS; _^ _^

I CITY:

^ nXAH ■ENtl II HI PI

I

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>K ATARI /K apple COMMODORE

SCARBOROUGH (Atari)

NET WORTH (AT/C-64)... 48.75

Masienype 22.75

Improved Mastertype 23.75

Mastenype Filer 22.75

800XL CALL

130XE (NEW) CALL

520ST (NEW) CALL

1050 Drive 165

1010 Recorder 42

igi pJir;::;;;;::::;::::;;;:-iil personal peripherals

J 1027 Primer 179

1850 Interlace 109

ATARI SOFTWARE (NEW)

Codewriter 35.75

iFilewriter 20.75 cunFiio t-i Ti

Reportwriter 20.75 SinrlirVitir mV Hit

Menuwr.ter 20.75 l^"?^^ '*"^""> ?i?i

Home Integrator 19.75 SnTro^7 Ik?!

Small Bus.^lnvenlory 11.75 |Xnrh,nn 3K7^

Salesman Expenses' 11.75 linstock Ifi?!

Aces Rec/Pay 11,75 !>y"^'o™ "^S-^s

Retail Invoice 11.75 ._,,_.,_,,__ ,i„,, ,., .,

Final Legacy 15.75 ADVENTURE NT'L Atan)

iture Wr<=' iovk _ i 1

Super Sketch C-61 29.95

Primer Ulilily C-64 14.99

Super SKeich Aran 25.95

Super Sketch Apple/lbm 55.00

SYNAPSE (Atari)

I Adventure Writer.. 18.75

Star Voyager 11.75

ATARI

XMM-801 Printer i77

XDM.121 Daisywtwfll ,, 196

XM301 Modem 39

SF35i SSDD Dnve 166

SF3K DSDD Drrvo 207

BRODERBUND (Atari)

The Print Shop 28.95

Graphics Library 18.95

Diskey 32.75

Ultracfissambler 32.75

Uaxi Golf 18.75

Ralley Speedway 26.75

Whomper Stomjer 18.75

Adventures 1-12 each. ..14.50
Adv. Hint Book 5.50

SCARBOROUGH (Apple)

NET WORTH 48.75

Improved Mastertype 22.75

Mastertype Filer 22.75

BRODERBUND (Apple)

The Print Shop 31.50

Graphics Library 18.50

Graphics Library II 18.95

Paper Refill 11.95

Bank St Writer 64K 41.50

Bank St Wriler 128K 42.75

Bank S! Filer 42.75

Bank St Mailer 42.75

Bank St Speller 42.75

Carmen Sandiego 22.75

Karateka 22.75

Captain Goodnight 22.75

Muppey Cruise 25.75

SUB LOGIC (Apple)

Flight Simulator 11... .32.75

Ni#it Mission Pinball 20.75

TRONIX

S.A.M.- Atari 38.50

3.A.M. -C-64 -.38.50

CONTINENTAL

I Graphics Library II 19.50 Home Accountant 44.75

Bank St. Wriler 42.75 1985 Book oi Alain Software 16 95

Whistler's BrOlhsr 16.95

ie'»^::::::::::;;;:::;;;:::]i:ii „ , spinnaker ^^^

Serpent's Star ........24.95 Delta Drawing Room 19,95

I f^^=^ °' '^« Sun 24.95 gg^sU^Lte:::::;:?!!

MICROPROSE (Atari) INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS

gra'^d'e^^K^ ::::::l4:?l ^"^-"-^"^ ^°

Decision in Desen , 24.75

Soio Flight ..20.75

Nato Commander ...20.75

Spitfire Ace 18.75

F-15 Strike Eagle 20.75

Hellcat Ace 18.75

COMMODORE

C-128 NEW CALL

1571 Drive CALL

1572 Drive CALL

1902 Monitor CALL

1670 Modem....,...., CALL

C-64 Computer CALL

1541 Drive 189

MPS801 Printer LOW

1702 Monitor .,.199

Simon's Basic 24.75

Assembler' 64 34.75

Super Expander 22.75

Logo 64 49.75

Pilot 64 38,75

Easy Cale 34.75

Easy Script 38, ''5

CARDCO

Digitizer Camera 169.95

32'K Printer Buffer 59.95

Numeric Keypad 34.95

CB/5 5-s!ot Board(64).... 54.00
CB/2 2-slot Boardt64}.,., 25,00

S'More Basic Rom 49.95

Write Now-64 35.00

Mail Now-64 29.00

Speli Now-64 29.00

File l^ow-64 29.00

Paint Now-64 29.00

Calc Now-64 29.00

Tax Survival 29.00

Super Printer Utiiity 27.95

Write Nnw-Vrc-20 29.95

.B.25

MICROPROSE (Apple)

Crusade in Europe 25.75

Decision in Desert 25.75

F-15 Strike Eagle 21.75

Nato Commander 21.75

SSI (Apple)

fi^ech Brigade 36.75

Norway f985 22.75

fvlarket Garden 29.75

Six Gun Shootout 24,75

50 Mission Crush 24,75

Phantasie 24,75

Spinnaker

Alphatjet SI 6.75

SSoryMachine S19.75

Kids on Keys $1675 QR & D

Grandma ■...■ ...S19.75 Copy 0 27.95

Snooper TrooB S22 75 GPC Printer Interface. ..65-00

EASTERN HOUSE

Rabbit C-64 19.95

Rabbil VIC-20 19.95

MAE C-64 27.95

Telsfar 64 19.95

M.L. Monitor 64 18.95

SUB LOGIC (Atari)
Flight Simulator II. ...32.75

Night Mission Pinball 20.75

SSI (Atari)

Colonial Conquest 24,75

Field of Fire 24.75

Kampfgruppe ,...36.75

Objective: Kursk 24.75

Market Garden 29.75

Six Gun Shootout 24.75

War in Russia 49.75

Computer Baseball 24.75

Computer Quarterback. .24.75

Gemstone Warrior 22.75

50 Mission Crush 24.75

Questron 29.75

US ROBOTICS

P35!*ni[)lJ0OM !J9

Pass»[lral2DCF 229

Pa5Smfn3MM 139

PassftQiaSCCF 139

lu:M)ijr5i?s 359

PCM5 319

PCV64 519

PCW256 769

S 100 379

CO'ifi^i 469

vc-:',nk jeg

•?iar Vs-DCS 79

RACAL-VADIC

?JOOPC 5<9

2400PA 799

P400V 559

•JCOPC 329

iJOV 205

lOOPC 190

Of^'q? Snf i^aie B9

MODEMS

HAYES

SmanmcxJem 3C)0
Smarlnxxtefn 1 200
SmanmaJem 1200B
SfTiannxxJefn 2400
MtcronvxJem I IE

Westndge (C-64)
Miley Mo Modem
CompuServe , .

ANCHOR

Vdksnxxjem
VolksTTTOdem 12
t^ark 12

133
377
347
598
135

55

186
229

TELE LEARNING

Total Telecommuncatons
(C*«| 29.95

AP.250 (300 Baud Apple) 69,95
18-250 (300 Baud !BM) 69,95

NOVATION

iBM-SCC 1200 fJ.S-DOSeil 319

IBM 300,1200 CPM-eG 0.1 319

IBM 3CDI?D0 2400{>I 529

IBI' SOO'i 2,11(1(2400 MS- DflS 57g

iBt.' r/S-QOSir 325

:eH CPV.BE tit 325

Mac^odtm 3(!0,-1 200 315

P.fl,icTj)dem 300,') 200.2100 585

Apple Call! 2t9

UDI)'.!i1( *i[lle Cal II 235

C31 30C Acouni r ■ 30

JCa!RS232 ?o

MICROBITS

SPINNAKER (C-64R0M)

Cosmic Life ROM 19,75

Jukebox 19,75

Alphabet Zoo 17,75

Alt in Color Caves 19,75

Up for Grabs 19.75

Delta Drawing 19.75

Kids on Keys 16.75

Kindercomp 14.75

-acemaker 17.75

Fraction Fever 17.7J

BATTERIES INCLUDED

Paper Clip 59.95

Spell Pak 34.95

Consultant 59.95

Paper Clip

w/Spell Pak ...75.95

Home Pak 34.95

Bus Card 129.95

80 Column Board ,109.95

SSI (C-64)

Colonial Conquest 24.75

Wings of War 24.75

Computer Ambush 34.75

Field of Fire 24.75

Fighter Command 36.75

Kampfgruppe ...36.75

Mech Brigade ,36.75

l^arket Garcfen 29.75

Six Gun Shootout., 24.75

Computer Baseball- 24.75

Computer Quanerback.,24.75

Imperium Ealactum 24.75

Phantasie.,.., 24,75

Cartels & Cutthroats 24.75

50 Mission Crusti 24,75

Questron 24,75

SYNAPSE-64

Essex 23.95

Brimstone 23.95

Lode Run Rescue 18.95

Syncalc ., . . , 33.75

Syncalca Ttmp 12.95

Mindv^heel 23.95

SCARBOROUGH (C-64)

Build A Book 24.75

Iniproved Mastertype 23.75

fJET WORTH 48.75

Mastertvoe Filer 22.75

Boston 64 Diet 27,75

CONTINENTAL

(C-64)
Home Accountant 44.75

1984 Tax Advantage 35,75

1985 C-64 Book Of Software 16 95

PERSONAL PERIPHERALS

Super Sketch 64 32.75

Printer Ulillty .....18.75

SUB LOGIC (C-64)

Flight Simulator II. ...32.75

Night Mission Pinball 20.75

MONITORS

SAKATA

SGlOOO 12" Gre«n 99

SAiOOO 12" Amber ,109
SGlStB 12' Green TTL 119
SA)50Q 12' Amber TTL, 12?
SC1(X) 13 ■ Color Comp, 20=
SC200 13" RGB 38S

NEC

JB- 1260 Green 95

JB-1201 Green , ,135

JC 1215 Color 235

JC 1216 RGB 376

JC1460 Color 265

JB-1205 Amber 139

ZENITH

ZVM 122A Amber 75'

Zjn* 123G Green 7S

ZVM 124 Amb«r IBM 129

fvM 133 Roi': -::;-!!;:.!. !!!389

ZVM 135 ComposJW 449

ZVM 136 Hi HniCotor 5«9

:2?0 1230 '240 CALL

TEKNIKA

rAl-lO CornposKB 179

MJ-22 RGB 255

TAXAN

Green Comoosne CALL

■ Amber Composile CALL

Green TTL 135

4miJe? TTL U5

Color Coniposrle 259

RGB Hi nes IBM 3»

RGB Super H. IBM 403

RGB Ullra Hi Res 555

Till Slara J5

X-THON

Comcalor I ComDOMle Green 177

lis 12
116 tj"

121 12'

122 12'
223 ■
•:-Q ■
42u -2
440 12

PANASONIC

DT13OOD 13' RGBftmposte
DTM140 14- RGaOmposte
D"Hi03 10 RGB H Res
DTSiQi IP Cornpcs.ie
D'lOOOG 10 RGB
TXiJHJP 12 caff
TR120M1P4 12- Green
TR120MBPA '.r Ambei
TR:221v19P 1!' Gieen IBM
'R122VVP i;- Amber IBV

247
323
395
175
166
419
109
109
148
146

AMOEK

300 Gr*«n IIB

300 Amber 128

310 Ambef IBM 155

Color 300 Audio 234

Cotor SOO Composite SOS

Color 600 W>

Coiof 7T» 4K

PRINCETON GRAPHICS

MAX-12 Amber 185

HX-12 RGB 465

SR-12 RGB 595

AMERICA'S MAILORDER HEADQUARTERS

LYCO COMPUTER

WORLD'S LEADER IN SALES & SERVICE

TO ORDER

CALL TOLU FREE

800-233-8760

\n PA1 717-327-1824

Lyco Computer

P.O. Box 5088

Jersey Shore, PA 17740

^o^mfiM^e/i ^M€t/tA€444^a 9P ^o/nMtMam^

SAVE r.s PRINTERS

CARDCO

SG-W. $208.00

32K SUFFER lC-64)

S9

AXIOM SEIKOSHA

CORONA

GP550AT Atan} 222

LP300 Laser Pnnler -

■im,

GP550CD.C-64 222

200361 Toner Cartribge

.aa

GP700AT lAlan) 439

GP7D0AP Apple) «9

ELITE5CD (0-64) 229

EPSON

C. ITOH

FX65 ItJew)
UX80

333

?1?

B510AP* -399

Fxtaa (New)

464

1550P «7

LX90 (New)

226

1550BP 437

SQ20(XI (fJew)

liibS

^ 56UEP 437

jxeo

46/

1550BCD 4*9

Homewnler 10

193

FIMO 859

CR-20-Alan

153

F1D-S5 1039

CR-22&C-64

153

75O0AP 204

DX-10 (New}

207

7500AP . . 244

DX-20 (New)

297

HS-flO (New)

288

LQ1500P

qTi

TOSHIBA

LQisons

1039

Ml 3-10 557

HX-lOO

356

P351 1286

FX-lOO*

CALL

CITIZEN

IVISP-IO - 269

l\flSP-15 358

MSP-20 33'

MSP-25 495

Sheetidr (10/20), 1S9

SHeeildi (15/251 199

OKIDATA

OI<imate 10 179

Okimaie 20 CALL

182 214

192 348

193 563
92P 349
93P 565
84P 645
92 imaoBwriter 349

"IBM vetsions also

BROTHER

HR-15XL-P 359

HR-ISXL-S 359

HR-35P 839

HR-35S 839

2024L-P 949

M1009-P 189

JUKI

Juki 6100 .347

RS232 Serial Board 55

6100 Tractor 119

6100 Sheel Feeder 209

Juki 6300 757

LEGEND

880 ise

1080 - - 222

13B0 -- 262

1385 296

DIGITAL DEVICES

IGK BUFFER 76

32K BUFFER 89

64K BUFFER 125

DIABLO

336

630API

630ECS

D801F

P32CQ1

P3S

C150

.549
1599
1759
2395

699
I74i>

999

tfl9t...$233.00

PANASONIC

TOST 233

3131 (NEW) 269

1092 ^'3

1093 426

3151 Leller... 426

4K Blj(fer 6b

SILVER REED

EXP400 249

eXPSDO 295

EXP550 399

EXP770 749

STAR MICRONICS

SG-tO 208

SG-15 373

SD-IO 336

SD-15 442

SR-10 463

SR-15 583

Powerivpe 303

SB-10 . CALL

SG.lOC-64 (NEW) CALL

LOWEST PRICES

i^i4y ^y^ ant/ Sr^oif:

"C ^^ii. 0°OEf*- Uf.'E'

'•JO DepG$.t en u^S COD Mets'
•OfoersCt^sotPj: SA/c SrawSste Tat'
'Fu'< fi^anutactuter % 'Asf.'S^fy A^oif'

'Fu.'} Accezsofy Lj.ie m Sfocli-'
'Purzr^ass Ortffifs AccGpteo

IrofT Educatcoa snstiMions'
'We C/Jec^ h' Ssaer O&ir, Ca'tJs,'
' f ot- ■'■■ io<^ Ojr Couneou$ Safes SiaH!
■ We Sfirp re 0[>i Se^/ceme'i Gt^/seasl

FINEST QUALITY

PRINTING
PAPER

3000 SHEETS

FANFOLD . S42 75
1000 SHEETS

FANFOLD J19 75

lOOOSHEETLETTER $21.95

200 SHEETS LETTER S8.99

1 50 RAG STATIC NARY SI 0 99

MAILING LABELS (1<n) K9S

WICO Joysticks

15-9714 Sat Handle 16.75

50-2030 Boss 1 1 99

50-2002 Super 3-Wav ., 19,99

PRINTER
INTERFACING

AXIOM

AT846 (Atari) 65

Parallax (C-64) 65

MICROBITS

MPP-1150 (Atari) 54

MPP-1150)a (Aiari) 59

MicroPrint (AtariJ 39

64K RAIVl Boartf (600x1) 65

DIGITAL DEVICES

ApeFace XLP (Alari) 49

ApeFace 12XLP (1200x1) ...49

U-Print A (Atari) 54

U-Print C (C-64) 49

U-Print AlfeK Buffer 74

U-Print A64K Buffer 99

U-Print AP16K (Apple) 99

U-Print AP64K Apple 139

U-CALL RS232 (AfEri) 37

MICROTEK

Durnpling GX (Appla) 59

DuTiplinq 16K (Apple) 89

RV-61lCf (Apple) 49

TYMAC

Connaction (C-64) 55

Tackier (Apple) 49

PPC-lOO (Apple) 39

ORANGE MICRO

GRAPPLER+ (Apple) 85

Grappler 16K (Appre) 149

ORANGE (Apple) 59

Grappler CD (t-64) 79

CARDCO

G-Wiz(C-64) 54

C/?-fG (C-64) 45

C/?PS (C-64) 49

C/?B.,(C-64) 39

C/7AT (Atari) 49

C/7AP (Apple) 49

C/7IBM (IBM) 29

DISKETTES

{Box 10)
DENNISON

ELEPHANT 6' ; ' SSSO 1199

ELEPHANT 5 i SSDD 12 99

ELEPHANT 5--i- DSDD 14.99

PREMIUM 5V SSDO- 13.99

PREMIUM 5'i" DSDD. 15.99

SUNKYONG

SKC 5V<- SSOD
SKC 5'«' DSDD

11 99
1399

MAXELL

S'-.," MDl 13 99

5'.. MD2 19 99

VERBATIM

SV«- SSDO 1399

SV»- DSDD 1999

BONUS

5Vi" SSDD 9 99

5' J- DSDD 12 99

NO LABEL DISKETTES

NL 5V»" SSDD. .10.99 (Box 10)
NL 5V." DSDD. .15.99 (Box 10}

•Free Disltefte Writer Pen!

•Free Storaqe Case!

DRIVES

INDUS

GT ATARI 199

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REVISITED

Charles Brannon, Program Editor

Since its publication in the March,
April, May, and June 1985 issues of
COMPUTE!, response to the Speed-
Script 3.0 ZL'ord processor for the
Commodore 64, VlC-20, Atari, and
Apple computers has been tremen-
dous. Hundreds of readers have writ-
ten to comment on SpeedScript, ask
questions, and report minor bugs.
This article shows how to fix a few
bugs confirmed in the Commodore
and Apple versions, including the
versions on the March, April, and
June COMPUTE! Disks.

Considering its size and the con-
straints under which it was devel-
oped and distributed, SpeedScript
3.0 is remarkably bug-free. We
made every effort to fully test
SpeedScript; however, any sophisti-
cated program is bound to have a
few nooks and crannies where
problems lurk. Even if you haven't
encountered any of these bugs, you
may want to make the following
corrections to ensure that you have
the most reliable word processor
possible.

Corrections are much harder to

make with an all-machine-language
program like SpeedScript than with

a BASIC program. You can't just
Insert or delete a line of machine
language. You wouldn't want to
type in SpeedScript all over again,
either. Instead, corrections to ma-
chine language programs are
usually in the form of a patch — a
section of new code which replaces
some existing code. Programming a
patch properly is no small feat, es-
pecially if you need to add addi-
tional code. The patch must be
merged with the original program
to create a new, debugged program.
Check the notes below for your
computer to see how to enter the
corrections.

If you have an Atari, you'll no-
tice there aren't any corrections list-
ed for your version of SpeedScript.
The Atari version does have the
same bug that afflicts the other ver-
sions: an odd character. is printed
whenever the underline toggle
command is used. Fortunately, this
odd character is a null (CHR$(0)) on
the Atari, so nothing is printed, and
no harm is done. Therefore, there's
no need to make a correction.

Commodore 64 And
VIC-20

These are known bugs in Commo-
dore 64 and VIC-20 SpeedScript 3.0
that these corrections fix:

The buffer should be preserved
after an Erase All, but a change to
one program module caused the
buffer to be cleared with the rest of
the text. The fix causes the Erase All
routine to skip past the buffer clear-
ing routine.

Sometimes the cursor does not
appear when you first run Speed-
Script, but this problem is also easi-
ly fixed with the changes below.
Also fixed is a bug that prevents
owners of dual disk drives (such as
the MSD) from accessing drive 1 for
loads and saves. (These bugs were
first noted and corrected in the May
1985 "CAPUTE!" section of

CO.MPUTE!.)

Recently confirmed and fixed
is the underline bug, which prints
an extraneous character whenever
the u format command (CTRL-£, u)
is used.

The RUN/STOP key behaves
strangely when you use it to stop
printing. Sometimes it works fine.
Other times RUN/STOP does stop
printing, but when you return to
edit mode, it starts inserting five-
space tabs. The printer handler is
supposed to wait for vou to release
RUN/STOP before 'returning to
edit mode. At worst, this bug causes
your printer to continuously eject
paper until you stop it.

90 COMPUTEI December 1965

Follow these steps to make cor-
rections for all these bugs:

1. Load SpeedScript, but do not
run it.

2. When you see the READY
prompt, enter the following POKEs
for your version of SpeedScript. Be
extremely careful when typing
these lines. If you enter any of these
numbers incorrectly you may create
new bugs that will be difficult to
find and fix. Enter the POKEs with-
out line numbers and press RE-
TURN after typing each line:
Commodore 64:

POKE 2547,96:POKE 4316,200:POKE

4946,234:POKE 4947,234:POKE 7716,50
POKE 5785,234:POKE 5786,234:POKE

5787,234:POKE 7581,ll:POKE 7590,76
POKE 7591,86:POKE 7592,29:POKE

7593,201:POKE 7594,35:POKE

7595,208: POKE 7596,23

VIC-20:

POKE 4625,l:POKE 5095,96:POKE

7370,234;POKE 7371,234;POKE 10054,50
POKE 8J45,234:POKE 8146,234:POKE

8147,234:POKE 9937,ll:POKE 9946,76
POKE 9947,138;POKE 9948,38:POKE

9949,201:POKE 9950,35:POKE

9951,208:POKE 9952,15

3. Save the modified Speed-
Script by entering SAWE"filename"
for tape or S/WE"Q:filenaiiie" ,8 for
disk. Be sure to use a different file-
name than the original SpeedScript.

Interface Confusion

Many Commodore SpeedScript us-
ers have reported problems that are
not really the fault of the program
at all. Instead, printer interfaces are
to blame. The interfaces used to
connect Commodore's serial pe-
ripheral bus to non-Commodore
parallel printers are usually small
computers in themselves. They
have their own microprocessors,
RAM, and ROM. Unfortunately,
this intelligence sometimes makes
the interfaces too smart for their
own good.

For example, many readers
complain of bizarre output when a
printed line contains an odd num-
ber of quote marks ("). This is not
the result of anything SpeedScript
does; rather, your interface counts
the occurrences of quotes in the line
and turns C)n its own interpretation
of Commodore's infamous quote
mode when the count is odd. Other
than the tugs described and cor-

rected above, most of the other
complaints about SpeedScript are
actually the result of interface
problems.

However, there is a way to get
around this. Most printer interfaces
have a setting called transparent
mode, in which they pass all codes
along to the printer unaltered. If
your interface has such a setting,
switch to that mode before printing.
This may require changing your
formatting commands — for ex-
ample, when printing in transpar-
ent mode you may have to add the
a (CTRL-£, a) command to change
the output to true ASCII.

Apple II +, lie, lie

Apple SpeedScript 3.0 has two bugs:
the underline bug, which prints
garbage characters whenever the
underline toggle (CTRL-V, U) is
used; and the header bug, which
shifts the first header on a page to
the right of its proper position.
Also, Apple SpeedScript assumes a
variation of the normal SHIFT key
modification on the Apple II and
in- (this is the same variation used
by Apple Writer). If you're having
SHIFT key problems with Speed-
Script on a II or II + , you'll either
have to rewire the SHIFT key modi-
fication or make the program
changes below. See your dealer for
help on installing or changing a
SHIFT key modification.

These corrections apply only to
the DOS 3.3 version of SpeedScript.
If you ^vant to use this corrected
SpeedScript with ProDOS, you must
use the ProDOS Converter (COM-
PUTE!, July 1985).

The following program frag-
ments should be typed in with
"Apple MLX." Before you can load
Apple MLX, you must reconfigure
memory with the following POKEs.
These POKEs prevent memory con-
flicts between MLX and SpeedScript:

POKE 104,32:POKE 8192,0:NEW

These are the same POKEs
used to type in SpeedScript with
Apple MLX, and must be used ever)'
time you wish to edit SpeedScript
with Apple MLX.

After typing these POKEs and
running Apple MLX, enter the fol-
lowing starting and ending ad-
dresses in response to the prompts:

STARTING ADDRESS? 0800
ENDING ADDRESS? 1E45

Next, press L to select (L)OAD
FILE from the menu, and give the
filename of the original SpeedScript
file.

To make the first correction,
press E to Enter Data, and enter
1C58 for the address. Type in these
seven lines:

1C58: D0 10 38 fiD D7 IE ED 53 45

1C60: IE 38 ED D6 IE flS A9 fl0 68

1C6S: D0 £0 C9 55 D0 0fi AD EC C6

1C70: IE 49 01 8D EC IE 10 Bl B4

lC7a: C9 63 D0 11 8C E5 IE AE 80

1CB0: DD IE AD DE IE 20 24 ED 7A

1C88: flC E5 IE D0 7D AE E6 IE F4

When you've finished this
block, press RETURN on the next
line to get back to the menu. Press E
to select Enter Data, then enter
IDEO and type in this last line:

1DE0: D4 C9 CE C7 AE AE 80 00 f?

Press RETURN on the next
line, then press S for (S)ave Data to
save your modified copy of Speed-
Script. Use a different filename than
that of the original SpeedScript.

If you need to modify your ver-
sion of SpeedScript for the Apple
II/II-F SHIFT key problem de-
scribed above, make the following
corrections before saving to disk.
(Do not make these corrections if
you aren't having SHIFT key prob-
lems or if you have an Apple
Ile/lIc) The following ten lines of
corrections must be made one line
at a time. In other words, for each
line, you must select option E (En-
ter Data) from the main menu, type
the memory address preceding the
colon, enter the numbers, and then
press RETURN on the next line to
return to the main menu. Then re-
peat the process for the next line of
corrections. When you're done, save
the corrected program to disk.

0A00: AD 61 C0 0D 44 IE 0D 63 4C

0CDa: 0D 44 IE 0D 63 C0 10 55 B0

0CE8: 0C AD 61 C0 0D 44 IE 0D 6D

0D98: 0D 44 IE 0D 63 C0 30 03 60

0E0a: 0C AD 61 C0 0D 44 IE 0D 90

1068: 0D 44 IE 0D 63 C0 30 03 36

UEa: 0D 44 IE 0D 63 C0 10 03 78

1688: IE 0D 63 C0 10 03 4C D5 7fi

lABa: C0 0D 44 IE 0D 63 C0 30 A2

1B60: aD 44 IE 0D 63 C0 30 23 64

December 1985 COMPUTEI 91

COMMODORE 64
COMPUTER

(Order Now)

•C128 Disks 79' ea.*

• Commodore Graphics Printer S99.95

• 13" Zenith Color AAonitor S139.95

CALL BEFORE YOU ORDER

COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER (139.95

Vou pay only Si 39.95 when you order Ihe powerful
S4K COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER! LESS the value of
Ihe SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT COUPON we pock
with your compuier rhot allows you to SAVE OVER
S250 oli soflwore sole pricesi' With only SlOO ot
sovrngs applied, your net computer cost is S39.95! !

■ CT18 DOUBLE SIDED DISKS 79' EA.

Get these 5'*" Double Sided Floppy Disks speciolly
designed for the Connmodore 12B Computer (157) Disk
Drive), lOO'i Cerlilied, Llfatime Warranty.
Automatic Lint Cieoning Liner included. I Box oM 0 ■
S9.90 (99' eo.), 5 Soxes of 10 - 54450 (89' ea.). 10
eo«eso) 10 -579.00179' ea.).

13" ZENITH COLOR MONITOR S139.95

You poy oniy S139.95 when you order this 13 ZENITH
COLOR MONITOR. LESS the *alue o) the SPECIAL
SOFTWARE DISCOUNT COUPON we pack with your
monitor that allows you to sove oyer S250 off softwore
sale prices!! With only SlOO of sovings oppiied your
net color monitor cost is only S39.95. (16 Colors).

80 COLUMN
COMMODORE GRAPHICS PRINTER $99.9S

You pay only S99.95 when you order the 803
Commodore Grophics Printer, 60 CPS, Dot Matrix, Bi-
Direclional. Prints 8'j full size paper. Plug in direct
inierfoce included! LESS the value of the SPECIAL
50FTWA)?E DISCOUNT COUPON we pack with your
printer that allows you to SAVE OVER 5250 off
software sole prices! ! With only 5100 of savings
applied your net printer cost is ZERO!

4 SLOT EXPANDER & 80 COLUMN BOARD SJ9.95

Now you progrom 60 COLUMNS on the screen at one
time' Converts your Commodore 64 to 80 COLUMNS
when you plug in the 80 COLUMN EXPANSION
BOARD I ! PLUS 4 slot exponder

SO COLUMNS IN COLOR
PAPERBACK WRITER 64 WORD PROCESSOR S39.9S

This PAPERBACK WRITER 64 WORD PROCESSOR is the
finest avoiloble for the COMMODORE 64 computer!
The ULTIMATE FOR PROFESSIONAL Ward Processing,
DISPLAYS 40 or 80 COLUMNS IN COLOR or black and
white! Simple to operate, powerful text editing,
complete cursor ond insert' delete key controls line
and parogroph insertion, automatic deletion,
centering, morgin settings and output to all printers!
List S99.0O. SALE «3«.95 Coupon S29.95.

COMMODORE 64
SYSTEM SALE

Deal 1 '■™* ^^'^' Deal Z

Commodore E4 Commodore 64

Com. 1541 Disk Drive Com. 1541 Disk Drive
Com. 8D3 Printer 13" Zenith Color Monitor

407

457

PLUS FREE S49.95 Oil Barons
Adventure Program

SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON

Wb pack a SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT {
COUPON with every COMfVIODORE 64 i
COMPUTER, DtSK DRIVE, PRINTER, .
MONITOR we sell! This coupon allowf you !
to SAVE OVER S3S0 OFF SALE PRICES!!

(Examples)

PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE

COMMODORE 64

I Nam« List Sale Coupoit

I Paperback Wrirer 6d S99 00 S39,95 S29 95

Popcrback D!ilobase64 S69 00 534 95 52J "JS

I Paperbock DictionOfv 5?a,95 St.l.'JS SIOOO

I The Print Shop 5JJ 95 537,95 526 SS

I Holley s Proiecl 539 95 525,95 524 95

Protiitolc Isprend sheet) 559,95 519.95 514,95

I Pragiammers Reference 524,95 516,95 512,50
I Guide

Nme Princes in Amber 532,95 524.95 521.95

I Super Bowl Sunday 530,00 519.95 5T7.95

I Flip S File Disk Filer S24 95 SU.95 ST2 95

I Deiuire Tape Cassete (plus SB9 00 544. 9S 534,95

1 FREE gome)

Pro Joystick 519 95 512.95 510.00

Computer Care Kit 544 95 S29.9S 524.95

Dusi Cover 5 B 95 5 6 95 5 4 60

Iniuied Engine S39 95 S37.9S 524 95

Pitstop II lEpynl 539 95 521.95 519 95

Mos.t Cole 559.95 514.95 512 95

I File Writer (by 539.95 529.95 524 95

Codewriter]

(See over 100 coupon Hems in our catalog)

Write or call for

I Sample SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON!

ATTENTION

Computer Clubs

We Offer Big Volume Discounts
CALL TODAY!

PROTECTO WARRANTY

AH Pj-oiecto 1 products carry □ minimum 90 tjay v/orranfy.
If onyfhirig lails wifhin 90 days from ihe dote ci purchase
Simply send your product to us via United Parcel Service
prepaid, We will IMMEDIATELY send you 0 replacement at
no charge via United Porcel Service prepoid. This wcrronty
proves once again that W& Love Our Customers,

CI 28 COMMODORE
COMPUTER

(Order Now)

Lett ^30 FREE Software, your choice from
our catalog (See Catalog Page 13)

• 340K 1571 Disk Drive $259.00

• Voice Synthesizer S39.«
•12" Amber Monitor S5MS

PRICES MA YBE LOWER

C12B COMMODORE COMPUTER S289.95

We expect o limifed supply for Christmas. We will ship
on a tirst order bosis. This all new revolutionory 1 2flK
compoter uses all Commodore 64 software and
accessories plus all CPM progrorns formotfed for the
disk drive. Lexi S30 FSEB Software, your choice
from our catalog (See Catalog Page fj)
list S3J9.00, SALCSM4.9S.

340K 1571 COMMODORE DISK DRIVE 5359.00

Double Sided, Sirigle Disk Drive For C-12a allows you
to use C-12B motlB plus CPM mode. 17 limes Faster
thon I5dl. plus runs all 1541 formats.
listS3J9.00, Solet2S4.00.

SUPER AUTO DIAL MODEM $37.95

Easy to use. Just plug into your Commodore 64
computer and you're ready to transmit and receive
messages. Eosler to use than dialing your telephone
|jsl push one key on your computer! Includes
eieclusive easy to use progrnm lor up ond dovvn
loading to printer and disk drives. Bett m U.S.A.
ListS]29.00. SALE$J7.45.

VOICE SYNTHESIZER $34.95

For Cammodore+64 computers. Just plug it in and you
can program words ond sentences, adjust volume and
pitch, make talking odventure games, sound action
gomes ond customized talkies! ' EOfi ONLY S19.95 you
con add TEXT TO SPEECH, just typo □ word and heor
your computer tolk — ADD SOUND TO ■ZORK". SCOTT
ADAMS AND OTHER ADVENTURE GAMES! 1
{Disk or iQpe.) List 589.00. SALE »3».95

12" AMBER MONITOR «S9.f5

Your choice of green or amber screen monitor, top
quality 80 columns * 24 lines, easy to read, onti
glore! PLUS S9 95 lor connecting coble. Com-64 or
VIC-20. List SI 59.00. SALE ti9,95.

PRINTER/TYPEWRITER COMBINATION SM9,9S

'JUKI" Superb letter quality, dolsy whee
printer typewriter combinotion. Two machines in one
— just □ flick of the switch. 12" extra large carriage,
typewriter keyboard, automatic margin control and
relocate key, drop in cassette ribbon! (90 day
warronty) Centronics parallel or RS232 serial port built
in (Specityl. List $349.00. SALE S249.95. (Lid. Qty.)

13" RGB & COMPOSITE COLOR MONITOR S259.t5

Wust be used to get BO columns in color with 8C
column computers [C128 - Atori ST ■ IBM - Apple].
(Add 511.50 shipping)
List 5399,00, $ALES1S9.9>.

• LOWEST PRICES • IS DAY FREE TRIAL

• BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. • ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL

PHONE ORDERS

8 o.rri. - 8 p. in. Weekdays

9 a.m. ■ 12 noon Saturcfays

• 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
• OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS

Adff 510-00 for shipping handling and insurance. Illinois resicJents
please odd 6°. tox Add S20.00 lor CANADA PUERTO RICO. HAWAII.
ALASKA APOFPO orders. Canadian orders must be in U.S. dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Personal Check. Allow \4
days for delivery 2 to 7 days for phone orders 1 day express moil '
VISA - MASTER CARD - COD No COD. to Conodo, APO-FPO

We Love Our Customers

Box 550, Barrington, Illinois 60010

312/382-5244 to order

6IANT PRINTER SALE!!

List $399.00

10" Printer

M79

00

E

I Year Warranty

120-140 CPS

Premium Quality

10" Comstar lOX — This Bi-directional
Tractor/Friction Printer prints
standard sheet 8iy6"xll" paper and
continuous forms or labsis. High
resolution bit image graphics,
underlining, horizontal tab setting, true
lower descenders, with super scripts and
subscripts, prints standard pica,
compressed, expanded, block graphics,
etc. Fantastic value. (Centronics
parallel interface.)
List $399.00. Sale S179.00.

List $499.00

10" Printer

$229

00

I Year Warranty

150-170 CPS

High Speed

10" Comstar 160+ High Speed - This
Bi-directional Tractor/Friction Printer
combines the above features of the 10"
Comstar lOX with speed (150-170 cps)
and durability. Plus you get a 2K buffer,
96 user definable characters, super
density bit image graphics, and square
print pins for clearer, more legible print
(near letter quality). This is the best
value for a rugged dependable printer.
(Centronics parallel interface.)
ListS49S.O0. Sale $239.00.

List $599.00

10" Printer

^259

00

E

Lifetime warranty*

165-185 CPS

Higli Speed & Letter Quality

10" Comstar 2000 — The ultimate printer
has arrived! This Bi-directional
Tractor/Friction Printer gives you all
the' features of the Comstar 160 plus
higher speed (165-185 cps), 256
downloadable characters, proportional
setting, external dark printing mode and
a 'lifetime printhead warranty. PLUS ...

List $599.00 iSYz" Printer

$

239

00

E

151/2" Comstar 15X - Has all the

features of the 10" Comstar lOX plus a
wider 151^" carriage and more powerful
electronics to handle large ledger
business, forms! (Better than FX-lOO).
The 151/4" Comstar 15X also prints on
standard size paper and continuous
forms and labels. Fantastic value.
(Centronics parallel interface.)
List $599.00. Sale $239.00.

List $699.00 ISVa" Printer

$

E

289

OOi

E

151/2" Comstar 160+ High Speed - This
Bi-directional Tractor/Friction Printer

has all the features of the 10" Comstar
160+ High Speed plus a wider 15W
carriage and the heavy duty electronics
required for today's business loads. You
can use large ledger business forms as
well as standard sheets and continuous
forms and labels. This is the best wide
carriage printer in the U.S.A.
(Centronics parallel interface. )
List $699.00. Sale $289.00.

List $599.00

10" Printer

E

$259

00

E

With the flip of a switch you can go into
the letter quality mode which makes all
your printing look like it came off a
typewriter. Turn in term papers, do
articles or just print programs. Have the
best of letter quality and speed in one
package. Fantastic printer (Centronics
parallel interface.)
List $599.00. Sale $259.00.

• 15 Day Free Trial — I Year Immediate Replacement Warranty
Parallel Interfaces

Commodore-64, VIC 20 - $39.00 Atari - $59.00 Apple II. II + , He - $59.00

Add SIO.OO (SH.50 for IS'.i" Printers) for shipping, handling Qnd
insurance. Illinois residents please add bVe tax. Add S20,00 for
CANADA. PUERTO RICO, HAWAII, ALASKA, APO-FPO orders.
Conadian orders must be in U.S. dollors. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO
OTHER COUNTRIES. EXCEPT CANADA.

Enclose Coshiers Check. Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14
doys for delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1 day express mail I
VISA — MASTER CARD — C.O.D. No CO. D. to Canada, APO-FPO,

COMPUTER DIRECT

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Borrington, lil. 60010

312/382-5050 to order

Apple Disk Booster

This unusual program increases the
amount of storage space on Apple
disks in DOS 3.3. It runs on any Apple
Il-series computer ivith a disk drive.

If you use a disk drive, you know

that disk space is a precious com-
modity. One way to increase disk
storage is to buy special hardware.
But that's a costly proposition.
"Apple Disk Booster" offers a sim-
ple, inexpensive alternative. It lets
you format new disks with up to
five extra tracks, creating more than
21,000 bytes of extra storage space
per disk.

Type in Apple Disk Booster
and save a copy before you run it.
The program is written entirely in
Applesoft BASIC. First the program
prompts you to insert a blank disk
in drive 1, and then it initializes the
disk. Because different drives allow
a different number of extra tracks,
Apple Disk Booster will format only
as many extra tracks as your drive
can reliably use. The program auto-
matically reads and verifies each
extra track. If a track cannot be
used, restart the initialization using
the next lower track value. When it
finishes the initialization, the pro-
gram displays the number of tracks
formatted on that disk.

Since Disk Booster is now the
HELLO program on the disk, delete
it by typing DELETE DISK BOOS-
TER,D'i and pressing RETURN.
(This prevents you from acci-
dentally running it again.) The disk
is now ready for normal use,

As noted above, different
drives may not be able to use the
same number of extra tracks. If you
want to use your modified disk on a
different drive, it's a good idea to

D,W. Hoover

determine beforehand whether the
drive can access the extra tracks. To
do this, simply run Apple Disk
Booster on the second drive and
note the number of tracks displayed
when the program ends. Once you
know the number of tracks that
both drives can access, substitute
that number for 40 in line 60 of the
program, and run it again as needed.
If you later need to transfer
files to a normal disk, use the DOS
FILEM utility on the Apple System
Master disk.

Extra Tracks

Squeezing extra tracks onto an
Apple disk is surprisingly easy to
do. This program modifies values
used by the DOS routines that ini-
tialize the disk and create its Vol-
ume Table Of Contents (VTOC).
Apple disks are normally formatted
with 35 tracks. The first POKE in
line 130 forces DOS to format more

Byte

Description

00

Not used

01

Track of first catalog sector

02

Sector of first catalog sector

03

DOS release number (3.3, etc.)

04-05

Not used

06

Volume number

07-26

Not used

27

Max number of track/sector

pairs

28-2F

Not used

30

Last allocated track

31

Direction of allocation

32-33

Not used

34

Number of tracks per disk

35

Number of sectors per track

36-37

Number of bytes per sector

38-3B

Bit map of track 0

3C-3F

Bit map of track 1

40-43

Bit map of track 2

BC-BF

Bit map of track 33

C0-C3

Bit map of track 34

C4-FF

Bit maps of additional tracks

(if desired)

tracks by substituting a larger
number-of-tracks value.

The remaining POKEs in that
line adjust the VTOC and bitmap
accordingly. The bitmap is a por-
tion of the VTOC that shows where
free sectors are located on the disk.
Each track has four bytes in the
bitmap (two bytes are never used),
and each bit represents a corre-
sponding sector in the track. If a bit
is off (set to 0), the sector is already
allocated. If a bit is on (1), the sector
is free. Here is the general format of
the VTOC and bitmap.

To ensure that the VTOC and
bitmap accommodate the extra
tracks, the last two POKE state-
ments in line 130 set new values
for the number of tracks on the
disk and the size of the bitmap. If
40 tracks are formatted, the bit
map is 160 (40 X 4) bytes in size.
Of course, it's important to be
sure the disk drive can use the ex-
tra tracks reliably. Lines 440-510
of Disk Booster contain data for a
machine language routine that
checks the new tracks. It reads a
random sector from each extra
track and checks for read-back
errors. If an error occurs, we as-
sume the track cannot be accessed
and reinitialize the disk without
that track,

Apple Disk Booster

For inslrudions on entering this listing, please
refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" published bimonthly in COMPUTE!.

«5 100 TRACKS = 40: REM # OF TR

ACKS VALUE
F5 110 BITMftPSZ = TRACKS « 4: RE

M BIT MAP SIZE
53 120 FOR ML = 768 TO 829: REM

LOG DF ML ROUTINE
58 130 READ BYTE: POKE ML, BYTE: C

HKSUM = CHKSUM + BYTE
Bl 140 NEXT

94 COMPUTE! December 1935

240K Apple Compatible
# Computer System •

APIus 3000 computer system includes 192K RAM, 48K ROM
(32K Microsoft Basic plus 16K ROM Emulator), 160K Laser
5%" Disk Drive (Runs Apple II Software), Magic Window
Wordprocessor, MogiColc spreadsheet. Magic Memory
Database. All for only $499.00

Complete System

• 15 Day Free Trial

"Aplus 3000"
System

$499

00

4j6!!SGIC MEMORY ^.|
MAGICAi '-

•tP/M CARTRIDGE
PORT

' DISK OfllVE
CONTROLLER INTERFACE

SOUND I \ -RGB '"ESET ^^„f.^

VOLUME \ \ouTPLrr

COMPOSfTE VIDEO
CASSETTE
INTERFACE

Double Immediote Replacement Warranty

If any of the Aplus 3000 computer system
equipment fails due to faulty workmanship or
material within 180 days of purchase we will
REPLACE it immediately with no service charge! !

RGB (80 columns in color) and composite included

• Over 10.000 existing Apple' programs • Centronics printer interface included

240K (192K RAM, 48K ROM) • ArtSci's Magic Window 11, Magic Memory, and MagiCalc included

• 160K Laser 5%" Disk Drive (Runs Apple II softwore)

SPECIFICATIONS

A plut 3000 is a complete, self-contained computer based on
the popular 6502A microprocessor and can tap into the
iremendous software librory of Apple II. Features include
I92K Bytes RAM. 32KB Enhanced Microsoft BASIC, 80 column
text, 560H X 192V color graphic display, 81 key sculptured
keyboard and high efficiency switching power supply. Also
included as standard ore Centronics bus printer interface,
Cossette interface, 4 channel sound generator, and S'A"
Apple Cornpatible Disk Drive.

• TEXT

— iO columns X 24 rows or 80 columns X 24 rows software
seiectable.

— 5X7 cfioracters in 7 X 8 matrix,

— Upper ond lower case characters.

— One of Eight colors tor charQcters/'grophics and background.
Red. Green. Blue. Cyan. Magenta, Yellow, Black and White.

— Character set with normol, inverse ond floshing capabilities.

• GRAPHICS

^ 2eOH X 192V 6 colors — Block, White, Violet, Green, Blue, Oronge.

— 280HX 192V 8 colors bit image— Block, White, Red, Green. Blue, Cyan,
Magenta, Yellow.

— 560H X 192V 5 colors — Black, White, Violet, Green, Blue. Oronge. (High
resolution color monitor required)

Afore Features than Apple

for lets than Commodore-

Commodore

Features

Aplu$ 3000

Apple lie

C-128

RAM

142K

64K

128K

Runs Apple II Software

Vef

Yes

No

Function Keys

14

None

16

4 Voice, 6 Octove Sound

Toi

No

Yes

Composite Video

Yei

Yes

Yes

Disk Drive

Included

Extro Cost

Extra Cost

Numeric Keypad

Included

Extro Cost

Included

Video Cable

Included

Extra Cost

Extra Cost

RGB Color Card

Included

Extra Cost

Included

ao Column Cord

Included

Extra Cost

Included

Centronics Printer Interface

Included

Extra Cost

Extra Cost

Drive Controller

Included

Extra Cost

Included

$150 Wordprocessor (Magic Wine

ow)

Included

Extra Cost

Extro Cost

$150 Spreadsheet (MogiCok)

Included

Extra Cost

Extra Cost

$60 Dotabose prg. (Magic Memor

Your Cost

y)

Included

Extra Cost

Extra Cost

$499.00

$1745.00

$1117.90

Super Apple Compatible Disk Drive Sale $149.95.

Quieter, Cooler, Better Disk Drives for your Apple II plus, lie, lie
(specify when ordering) , List $299.95. Sale S149.95.

15 Day Free Trial — If it doesn't meet your expectaf torn

within 15 days of receipt, just send it back to us UPS

prepaid and we will refund your purchase price!!

ACCESSORIES

LIST

SALE

2nd Disk Drive

$299.95

S149.95

2 professional analog joysticks

$ 39.95

$ 24.95

Z-80 carl, allows CP/M use

$ 99,95

S 59.95

RS232 adopter

$ 99.95

S 59.95

R/F Modulator (TV hookup)

$ 29.95

S 19.95

RGB coble (RGB Monitor hookup)

$ 24.95

$ 19.95

Centronics cable (for Centronics printer)

$ 34.95

S 24,95

Technical reference manual

S 29.95

S 19.95

Comstar lOx 120-T40 CPS dot matrix printer

$399.00

$179.00

80 columns Hi-Res Amber Monitor

$199.00

S 89.95

80 column Hi-Res RGB Monitor

S399.00

$259.00

Add $25.00 for shipping and hondling!!

Enclose Coshiers Check. Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14
days for delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders. 1 day express mail I
We accept Viso and MasterCard. We ship C.O.D. to continentol
U.S. oddresses only. Add $10 more if C.O.D.

APPU ond COMWQDOHE ore legtVvtid Kodefnopki ot Apple Computer K. and CommodoiB Buurwss WochinfJ. Inc., rejp*cti.Bly

COMPUTER DIRECT

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, HI. 60010

312/382-5050 to order

il

150

IS

160

Al

170

is

1S0

F7

190

C9

200

SB 210

E5 220

BA 230

Bl 240

IF CHKSUM < > 991 1 THEN H
GME : PRINT "ERROR IN DfiT
A STATEMENTS": GOTO 260
POKE 216,0: ONERR GOTO 27
0i REM RESET ONERR FLAG
POKE 48894, TRACKS: POKE 4
6063, TRACKS: POKE 44725, B
ITMAPSZ

HOME : PRINT "FORMATTING
"; TRACKS ; " TRACKS ... "
PRINT CHR* (4);"INIT DISK

BOOSTER, Dl"
CALL 760: REM CALL VERIF
Y TRACKS ML ROUTINE AT »0
300

PRINT "FORMATTING COMPLET
E... "; TRACKS;" TRACKS WR
ITTEN"
PRINT

PRINT "DON'T FORGET TD LA
BEL"
PRINT "YOUR NEW DISK WITH

9F 250 PRINT "THE NUMBER OF TRAC
KS INITIALIZED! "

H 260 END

78 270 A = PEEK (222) : REM ERRO

R CODE
7i 280 ERRL = PEEK (21S) + PEEK

(219) « 256! REM ERROR LI

NE
fS 290 IF A < > a THEN GOTO 350
B4 300 HOME ; PRINT "ERROR DETEC

TED. . . "
7fl 310 PRINT "RESETTING NEW TRAC

K VALUE"
Efl 320 PRINT "PRESS <RETURN> TD

CONTINUE"
IB 330 INPUT "";IN«: IF IN* < >

"" THEN SOTO 330
31 340 TRACKS = TRACKS - 1:BITMA

PSZ = TRACKS « 4: GOTO 16

0
E! 350 PRINT "ERROR NUMBER ";A;"

DETECTED IN LINE " ; ERRL
B3 360 PRINT "CHECK DOS PROGRAMM

ERS MANUAL"
45 370 PRINT "FOR ERROR TYPE"
IS 380 PRINT "AND CORRECT IT ACC

ORDINGLY"

25 390 GOTO 260

£2 400 REM ««ERROR CODES FOR AP

PLE DOS 3.3»«
87 410 REM
79 420 REM ERROR #4 = WRITE PRO

TECTED DISK (REMOVE PRDTE

CT TAB)
flE 430 REM ERROR #11= SYNTAX ER

ROR (CORRECT TYPOS)
(IF 440 DATA 169,0,141,235,183,14

1,240, 183
M 450 DATA 169,1,141,244,183,16

9, 16, 141
It 460 DATA 241,183,133,209,173,

254, 190
5E 470 DATA 141,236,183,56,233,

35, 144,22,133
9* 480 DATA 210,169,183,160,232,

32,181
IB 490 DATA 183,176,12,206,236,1

83,198
If 500 DATA 210,208,240,198,209,

208,224
81510 DATA 96,169,8,141,92,170,

76,213,166 0

Atari Keypad

Here's an alternative to buying an
add-on numeric keypad — simply em-
ulate one in software. This machine
language utility redefines part of your
existing keyboard as a numeric key-
pad which you can turn on and off at
will, n works on all Atari 400/800,
XL, and XE computers with a disk
drive.

Because I type in lots of programs
from magazine listings, I'm con-
stantly looking for shortcuts. Some
of the toughest programs to type
are those which consist of hundreds
of numbers — data for machine lan-
guage routines or character sets. Al-
though you can buy a plug-in
numeric keypad, there is a more
economical alternative.

The solution came to me when
1 first saw a TRS-80 Model 100
computer. Pressing the NUM key
on that portable lap computer turns
part of the keyboard (keys M, ]-K-L,
and U-I-0) into number keys (0, 1-

R. Alon Beike

2-3, and 4-5-6, respectively). Since
keys 7-8-9 lie right above U-I-O,
this lets you enter numbers 0-9 and
press RETURN using only the fin-
gers on your right hand. The make-
shift keypad is a little slanted, but
it's easy to adapt to, Also, notice
that the D, A, and T keys are unaf-
fected. You can type DATA state-
ments all day without having to
switch off the keypad to type the
keyword DATA.

"Atari Keypad" duplicates the
Model lOO's arrangement on Atari
computers. The program works by
intercepting the keyboard interrupt
routine and redirecting it to a new
routine. You can toggle the keypad
on and off by simultaneously press-
ing SHIFT-CTRL-N.

There was one major problem
with carrying out this idea. Since
Atari Keypad is most useful when
entering BASIC programs — or when
used in combination with other
programs — it has to sit somewhere
in memory without interfering with

anything else. My original version
of Atari Keypad locates itself in the
upper half of page 6, a fairly safe
section of memory which starts at
location 1536 (hex $600). This pro-
tects it from the meanderings of
Atari BASIC. But realizing that
page 6 is used by a host of other
programs and routines, including
COMPUTERS "Automatic Proofread-
er," I've provided another version
that hides in low memory, One ver-
sion or the other should cover most
situations.

Automatic Keypad

Program 1 creates an AUTORUN
.SYS file on disk that loads Atari
Keypad into page 6 when you boot
the system. Program 2 creates an
AUTORUN. SYS file that loads
Atari Keypad into low memory
when you boot. Since the exact lo-
cation of MEMLO, the low-memory
pointer, can vary, the version of
Atari Keypad created by Program 2
automatically modifies itself for

96 COMPUTEI December 1985

240K Apple Compatible
# Computer System •

APlus 3000 computer system includes 192K RAM, 48K ROM
(32K Microsoft Basic plus 16K ROM Emulator), 160K Laser
5%" Disk Drive (Runs Apple 11 Software), Magic Window
Wordprocessor, MagiCalc spreadsheet, Magic Memory
Database. All for only $499.00

ComplefG System

15 Day Free Trial

$499

00

a

1%
4.^%ICMEMORy 1^

Aplus 3000'*
System

:P/M CARTRIDGE
PORT

: DISK DRIVE

CONTBOLLER INTERFACE

„^= .RESET -POWER
SOUND \ \ _'^°_ ^ SWITCH

VOLUME

" COMPOSflTE VIDEO
CASSETTE
INTERFACE

Double Immediate Replacement Warranty

If ony of the Aplus 3000 computer system
equipment fails due to faulty workmonsfiip or
materia! wittiin 180 days of purchase we will
REPLACE it immediately with no service charge! I

• Over 10,000 existing Apple' programs • Centronics printer interface included

• 240K(192KRAM, 48KROM) • ArtSci's Magic Window II. Magic Memory, and MagiColc included

• 160K Laser 5%" Disk Drive (Runs Apple II software) • RGB (80 columns in color) and composite included

SPECIFICATIONS

A plut 3000 is d complete, self-contained computer based on
the popular 6502A microprocessor and eon tap into the
tremendous software library of Apple II. Features include
I92K Bytes RAM, 32KB Enhanced Microsoft BASIC, 80 column
text, 560H X 192V color graphic display, 81 key sculptured
keyboard and high efficiency switching power supply. Also
included as stondard are Centronics bus printer interface,
Cossetle interface, 4 channel sound generator, and 5%"
Apple Compatible Disk Drive,

• TEXT

— 40 columns X 24 rows or 80 columns X 24 rows software
selectable.

— 5X7 charocters in 7 X 8 motrix,

— Upper ond lov/er case characters.

— One of Eight colors for characters/graphics ond background.
Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Mogenta, Yellow, Black and White.

— Chorocter set with normal, inverse and flashing capabilities,

• GRAPHICS

— 280HX 192V6colors — Black. White, Violet, Green, Blue, Orange.
^ 280H X 192V 8 colors bit image — Black, White, Red, Green, Blue, Cyan,

Magenta, Yellow.

— 560HX 192V 6 colors — Black, While, Violet, Green, Blue, Orange. (High
re soiution color monitor required) .^_^^^

Alore features than Apple -■ for less than Commodore'

Commodore

Features

Aplut 3000

Apple lie

C-128

RAM

192K

64K

l2eK

Runs Apple II Software

y«»

Yes

No

Function Keys

14

None

16

4 Voice, 6 Octave Sound

rei

No

Yes

Composite Video

Vei

Yes

Yes

Disk Drive

included

Extra Cost

Extro Cost

Numeric Keypad

Included

Extra Cost

Included

Video Coble

included

Extra Cost

Extro Cost

RGB Color Card

Included

Extra Cost

Included

80 Column Card

Included

Extra Cost

Included

Centronics Printer Interfoce

included

Extro Cost

Extro Cost

Drive Controller

included

Extra Cost

Included

S150 Wordprocessor (Magic Window)

included

Extra Cost

Extra Cost

SI 50 Spreadsheet (MogiCalc)

included

Extra Cost

Extra Cost

$60 Dotobase prg. (Magic Memory)

Your Cost

included

Extra Cost

Extra Cost

$499.00

S1745.00

$1117.90

Super Apple Compatible Disk Drive Sale S149.95.

Quieter, Cooler, Better Disk Drives for your Apple II plus, lie, lie
(specify when ordering) . List $299.95, Sale *149.95.

15 Day Free Trial — If It doesn't meet your expectotions

wttliin 15 days of receipt, just send it back to us UPS

prepaid and we will refund your purchase pricell

ACCESSORIES

LIST

SALE

2nd Disk Drive

$299.95

S149.95

2 professional analog joysticks

$ 39.95

S 24.95

Z-80 cart, allows CP/AA use

$ 99.95

S 59.95

RS232 adopter

$ 99.95

$ 59.95

R/F Modulator (TV hookup)

$ 29.95

$ 19.95

RGB cable (RGB Monitor hookup)

$ 24,95

S 19.95

Centronics cable (for Centronics printer)

$ 34.95

S 24.95

Technical reference manuol

$ 29.95

$ 19.95

Coreistor lOx 120-140 CPS dot matrix printer

$399.00

$179.00

80 columns Hi-Res Amber Monitor

$199.00

$ 89.95

80 column Hi-Res RGB Monitor

$399.00

S259.00

Add $35.00 for ihipping and handling!!

Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14
doys tor delivery. 2 to 7 doys for phone orders. 1 doy express mail!
We occept Visa and MasterCord. We ship C.O.D. to continental
U.S. oddressesonly. Add SIO more if C.O,D,

APPlt ond COMWOOOflE ar » rffg^ittrsd liddon^Qfkl ol Appis Computer :ne . and Commodoru Business Machinas Int r«p<Ktivel»

COMPUTER DIRECT

We Love Our Customers

22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barringlon, III. 60010

312/382-5050 to ord

il 150

Be 160

B! 170

EB 180
F7 190
C? 200

SB 210

E5 220
BA 230

BC 240

IF CHKSUM < > 9911 THEN H
OME : PRINT "ERROR IN DAT
fl STATEMENTS": EDTD 260
POKE 216,0! ONERR GOTO 27
0: REM RESET DNERR FLAG
POKE 48894, TRACKS: POKE 4
6063, TRACKS: POKE 44725, B
ITMAP5Z

HOME S PRINT "FORMATTING
";TRACKS;" TRACKS..."
PRINT CHR« C4);"INIT DISK

BOOSTER, Dl"
CALL 768! REM CALL VERIF
Y TRACKS ML ROUTINE AT *0
300

PRINT "FORMATTING COMPLET
E... "; TRACKS;" TRACKS WR
ITTEN"
PRINT
PRINT
BEL"
PRINT

'DON'T FORGET TO LA

'YOUR NEW DISK WITH

9F 250 PRINT "THE NUMBER OF TRAC
KS INITIALIZED!"

H 260 END

76 270 A = PEEK (222): REM ERRO

R CODE
7i 280 ERRL = PEEK (218) + PEEK
(219) t 2561 REM ERROR LI
NE

> 8 THEN GOTO 350
PRINT "ERROR DETEC

F5 290
B* 300

'RESETTING NEW TRAC

IF A <

HOME :

TED. . .
7B 310 PRINT

K VALUE"
EA 320 PRINT "PRESS <RETURN> TD

CONTINUE"
IB 330 INPUT "";IN«: IF INS < >

"" THEN GOTO 330
31 340 TRACKS = TRACKS - liBITMA

PSZ = TRACKS » 4: GOTO 16

0
E3 350 PRINT "ERROR NUMBER ";A;"

DETECTED IN LINE " ; ERRL
33 360 PRINT "CHECK DOS PROGRAMM

ER3 MANUAL"
65 370 PRINT "FOR ERROR TYPE"
« 380 PRINT "AND CORRECT IT ACC

ORDINGLY"

23 390 GOTO 260

E2 400 REM »« ERROR CODES FOR flP

PLE DOS 3.3tt
B7 410 REM
79 420 REM ERROR #4 = WRITE PRO

TECTED DISK (REMOVE PRDTE

CT TAB)
flE 430 REM ERROR #11= SYNTAX ER

ROR (CORRECT TYPOS)
AF 440 DATA 169,0,141,235,183,14

1,240, 183
fit 450 DATA 169,1,141,244,183,16

9, 16,141
K HbB DATA 241,183,133,209,173,

254, 190
!E 470 DATA 141,236,183,56,233,

35, 144,22,133
94 480 DATA 210,169,183,160,232,

32,181
IB 490 DATA 183,176,12,206,236,1

83,198
JF 500 DATA 210,208,240,198,209,

208,224
an 510 DATA 96,169,8,141,92,170,

76,213,166 ^

Atari Keypad

Here's an alternative to buying an
add-on numeric keypad — simply em-
ulate one in software. This machine
language utility redefines part of your
existing Iceyboard as a numeric key-
pad which you can turn on and off at
will. It works on all Atari 400/800,
XL, and XE computers with a disk
drive.

Because I type in lots of programs
from magazine listings, I'm con-
stantly looking for shortcuts. Some
of the toughest programs to type
are those which consist of huncireds
of numbers — data for machine lan-
guage routines or character sets. Al-
though you can buy a plug-in
numeric keypad, there is a more
economical alternative.

The solution came to me when
I first saw a TRS-80 Model 100
computer. Pressing the NUM key
on that portable lap computer turns
part of the keyboard (keys M, J-K-L,
and U-I-O) into number keys (0, 1-

Q. Alan Beike

2-3, and 4-5-6, respectively). Since
keys 7-8-9 lie right above U-I-O,
this lets you enter numbers 0-9 and
press RETURN using only the fin-
gers on your right hand. The make-
shift keypad is a little slanted, but
it's easy to adapt to. Also, notice
that the D, A, and T keys are unaf-
fected. You can type DATA state-
ments all day without having to
switch off the keypad to type the
keyword DATA,

"Atari Keypad" duplicates the
Model lOG's arrangement on Atari
computers. The program works by
intercepting the keyboard interrupt
routine and redirecting it to a new
routine. You can toggle the keypad
on and off by simultaneously press-
ing SHIFT-CTRL-N.

There was one major problem
v«th carrying out this idea. Since
Atari Keypad is most useful when
entering BASIC programs — or when
used in combination with other
programs — it has to sit somewhere
in memory without interfering with

anything else. My original version
of Atari Keypad locates itself in the
upper half of page 6, a fairly safe
section of memory which starts at
location 1536 (hex $600). This pro-
tects it from the meanderings of
Atari BASIC. But realizing that
page 6 is used by a host of other
programs and routines, including
COMPUTEi's "Automatic Proofread-
er," I've provided another version
that hides in low memory. One ver-
sion or the other should cover most
situations.

Automatic Keypad

Program 1 creates an AUTORUN
.SYS tile on disk that loads Atari
Keypad into page 6 when you boot
the system, Program 2 creates an
AUTORUN.SYS file that loads
Atari Keypad into low memory
when you boot. Since the exact lo-
cation of MEMLO, the low-memory
pointer, can vary, the version of
Atari Keypad created by Program 2
automatically modifies itself for

96 COMPUTE) December 1985

Jk 152K Lowest Price In The USA! 152k

ATARi^ Computer System Sale

• Students • Word Processing • Home • Business

$399

LOOK AT ALL YOU GET FOR ONLY

LIMITED OUANTITieS SYSTEM PRICE

©Atari 130XE 1 52K Computer

©Atari 1050 127K Disk Drive

©Atari 1027 Letter Quality 20 CPS Printer

Letter Perfect Word Processer

Atari BASIC Tutorial Manual

All connecting cables fi T.V. interface included. ^^

Monitors sold seporetly, T^^TALS

LIST PRICE

S249.00

299.00

299.00

59.95

16.95

INDIVIDUAL

SALE PRICE

$134"

179"

199"

39«

12"

$923.90 $567.75

SAVE
OVER $100

All 5 ONLY

$39900

SYSTEM
SALE PRICE

Oth^r Accessories List sale

12" Hi Resolution Amber Screen Monitor $199.00 $59.95

13" Hi Resolution Color Monitor $399.00 $159.95

Add S9,95 for

Connection Cobles

(Monitors Only)

(Ltd. Qfy)
Add SIO for UPS

IS DAY FREE TRIAL. We give you 15 days to try out tfiis ATARI COMPUTER SYSTEM! > If it doesn't mee) your expectations, just send it bock to us prepoid
and we will refund your purchase price! I <I0 DAY IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY, If any of tfie ATARI COMPUTER SYSTEM equipment or
progrorfisfail due to faulty workmonsfiip or material within 90 days of purchase we will replace it IMMEDIATELY with no service charge! !

Best Prices * Over 1000 Programs and 500 Accessories Available * Best Service
• One Day Express Mail * Programming Knowledge * Technical Support

Add $25.00 for shipping and handling!!

Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14
days for delivery. 2 to 7 doys for phone orders. 1 day express moil !
We accept Viso and MasterCard. We ship C.O.D. to continental
U.S. addresses only. Add SIO more if C.O.D.

COMPUTER DIRECT

We Love Oar Customers
22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, III. 60010

312/382-5050 to order

any value of MEMLO. That ex-
plains all the IF-THEN statements
which make the program look so
strange.

To use Atari Keypad, try the
version created by Program 1 first.
If that doesn't ufork, try the other
version. Use the second version
with the Automatic Proofreader.

If you already have an AUTO-
RUN.SYS file on your disk that you
regularly use, you can append it to
the Atari Keypad AUTORUN.SYS
file so both will boot automatically.
Follow these steps:

1. Boot up Atari DOS 2.0 or
2.5.

2. Rename your existing AUTO-
RUN.SYS file. For example, call it
OLD AUTO.

3. Exit to BASIC and run either
Program 1 or Program 2 to create
the keypad AUTORUN.SYS file on
disk.

4. Enter DOS and select the
COPY option. When the prompt
appears, type OLDAUTO,AUTO-
RUN.SYS/A. Don't forget the /A
or you'll end up with your old
AUTORUN.SYS file and have to
start over again.

If your existing AUTO-
RUN.SYS file happens to use the
same memory as Atari Keypad, it
would be overwritten when the
keypad is booted. Another problem
could crop up if your present
AUTORUN.SYS file installs a rou-
tine at MEMLO and the routine
isn't relocatable. If the keypad is
installed at MEMLO first, the sec-
ond routine would wind up at a
different address than it was de-
signed for. This would most likely
cause the system to crash. Most of
the time there's no trouble,
however.

If you can touch-type on a key-
pad, you'll find Atari Keypad a
great aid when entering DATA
statements. But don't forget it can
also be useful with other programs
that call for numeric input.

For insinjctions on entering these listings,
piease refer to "COMPUTEi's Guide to Typing
in Programs" published bimonthiy in computei.

Program 1 : Atari Keypad
For Page 6

P( 10 OPEN #1 , B, 0, "D: AUTGRUN
.SYS"

U20 FO
LE 30 RE
PL 40 NE
CP 50 CL
DN 60 EN
AJI 1000

HS 10 10

OE 1020

JK 1030

KN 1040

AH 1050

EJ 1060

KJ 1070

m 1080

HE 1090

NK 1100
CO 1 1 1 0

Dl 1 120

DK 1 130
HF 1140

DI 1 150
IH 1 160

R X=l TO 170
flD fi:PUT #1,A
XT X
QSE #1
D

DATA

38, 6

DATA

,6,1

DATA

41,8

DATA

,72

DATA

3, 25

DATA

6, 20

DATA

74,2
DATA
, 201
DATA

DATA
, 208

DATA
,20 1

DATA
4, 64
DATA
9,6,

DATA

2, 16
DATA
,6, 1
DATA
41,8
DATA
, 227

255

,,32,

\ 173

73,9

166

2, 1

9,2
169,

8,8
2,2,

208
8,3,
1 202
38, 6

37

1,2

31,

30, 2

2, 1

, 255,

128, 6

>8,2,

2, 14

t , 6 , 16
69, 6

:,BB,9
167, 7

t, 76, 1(

201 , 2:
1, 12, r

232, 2
,142,
,240,
208, 2
08, 2

201 , 5

101 , 0

,2,1
13,,

8, 2i
27,
0, 0

69, 26

69, 24

208, 2

08,2,

141,2

6, 42

12B, 6,2

, 120

141 , 165

I

9, 156, 1

141

6, 169,6

2

64,6, 17

27

74,23B,
108, 1

238, 6, 1

42, 201
169, 50

169

, 20B, 2,

208
201 , 1 1

, 201

, 169, 29

169
152,2, 10

6, 165, 12, 141 , 1

165,

6, 1
9,6,
. 173
73,9

166
,2,1

9,2

2,0

13, 14

69, 121
133, 1

n , 130

;S, 133, 1

8,2

. 1'*
1,6, 16'
69, 6

3, 120
141 , 165
1

88, 9
6

1

9. 156. 1
141

6. 226. 2

Program 2: Atari Keypad
For Low Memory

KE 10
PB 20

DO 30
DG 40

hi 50
tX 60

EL 7 0
IN 80

CB 90
LF 100

EM 1 10

LI 120

FF 130
EH 140

lA 150

START
(744)
OPEN
.SYS"
FOR I
READ
TART-
6

IF 1 =

T/256

IF 1 =

20) -I

6) *25

IF 1 =

RT+12

IF !=■

47) -I

) «256

IF I-

ART + 4

IF I

+ 48)

56) t

IF I

TART

IF I

+ 3B)

56> *

IF I

TART

IF I

+ 128

/256

IF I

TART

=4+PEEK (743) +PEEK

«256

«1 , a, 0, "D: AUTQRUN

=1 TO 190

X; IF 1=3 THEN X=S
rNT(START/256) *25

4 THEN X=INT(STAR
)

5 THEN X= ( START+1
NT( (START+120) /25
6

6 THEN X=INT f (STA
0) /256)

15 THEN X=(START+
NT ( (START+47) /256

16 THEN X=INT ( (ST
7) /256)

=21 THEN X=(BTflRT

-INT ( (START+4a) /2

256

=22 THEN X»INT ( (S

+48) /256)

=24 THEN X=(START

-INT ( (START+38) /2

256

29 THEN X=INT t (S
+38) /2S6)
=35 THEN X=(START
) -INT ( (START+12B)
) (256

=40 THEN X=INT ( (S
+128) /256)

f) 160

M 170

UN 180

FA 190

HE 200

E6 210

EH 220

V.k 230

PA 240

U 250

fB 260

IJ 270

FE 280

JE 290

EP 300

LD 3 10

U 320

GA 330
GO 340
n 1000

HF 10 10

on 102 0

OJ 1030

CO 1040

LC 1050

DD 1060

Bd 1070

NK 1080

HI 1090

PH 1 100

NL 1110

U 1 120

JK 1 130

DK 1 140

HK I 150

PB 1 160

00 1 170

DN 1 180

IF 1=46 THEN X=1NT ( (5

TART+49) /256)

IF 1=49 THEN X=-(START

+49) -INT ( (START+49) /2

56) *256

IF 1=135 THEN X=(STAR

T+1)-INT( (START+1) /25

6) »256

IF 1 = 136 THEN X = INT ( (

START+1 ) /256>

IF 1=140 THEN X=(STAR

T+2)-INT ( (START+2) /25

6) *256

IF 1 = 141 THEN X=1NT ( (

START+2) /256)

IF 1=143 THEN X=START

-INT (START/ 256) »256

IF 1=147 THEN X=INT(S

TART/256)

IF 1=155 THEN X=(STAR

T+47) -INT ( (START+47 >/

256) *2S6

IF 1=156 THEN X=INT ( (

START+47) /256)

IF 1 = 161 THEN X=.(STAR

T+48)-INT((START+4B)/

256) *256

IF 1=162 THEN X=INT ( (

START+48) /256)

IF 1=164 THEN X=(STAR

T+3a)-INT( (BTART+38) /

256) »256

IF 1=169 THEN X=INT ( <

START+38) /256)

IF 1=175 THEN X=(STAR

T+12a)-INT( (STflRT+12a

) /256> »256

IF 1 = 180 THEN X=INT ( (

START+12S) /256)

PUT tt 1 , X! NEXT 1

CLOSE #1

END
DATA 255,255,0,29,12
0, 29, 32,0,29, 120
DATA 173, a, 2, 141 , 47,
29, 173, 9,2,141
DATA 48,29,169,38,14
l,a,2, 169, 29, 141
DATA 9,2, 88, 169, 128,
141,231 , 2, 169, 29
DATA 141,232,2,96,16
9, 29,72, 169,49, 72
DATA 8,8,76,46,29,17
3, 252, 2, 201 , 227
DATA 208, 12, 174, 120,
29,208, 3, 232, 208, 1
DATA 202,142,120,29,
174, 12 0, 29,24 0, 42, 20
1

DATA 37,208,2,169,50
, 201 , 1 , 20B, 2,169
DATA 31,201,5, 208, 2,
169, 30, 201,0, 208
DATA 2, 169, 26, 201 , 1 1
, 208, 2, 169, 24, 201
DATA 13,208,2,169,29
, 201 , 8,206, 2, 169
DATA 27, 141 , 252,2, 10
4, 64,0, 0, 6, 5 2
DATA 6, 165, 12, 141 , 1 ,
29, 165, 13, 141,2
DATA 29, 169, 0, 133, 12
, 169, 29, 133, 13, 120
DATA 173, 8,2, 141,47,
29, 173, 9,2,141
DATA 48, 29, 169, 38, 14
1,8,2, 169, 29, 141
DATA 9, 2, SB, 169, 128,
141 , 231 , 2, 169, 29
DATA 141,232,2,96,22
6,2, 227, 2,0,6

98 COMPUTE] December 1985

Million-Color Palette
For IBiVI PC & PCjr

It's amazing but true — with this stun-
ning technique you can generate more
than a uiillion apparent color varia-
tions on a PCjr. You can even display
256 colors simultaneously. The effects
are less dramatic on a PC, but it's still
possible to generate many more than
the standard 16 colors. The programs
require an Enhanced Model PCjr or a
PC with color /graphics card, plus a
TV set or composite color monitor.
The palette is more limited on an RGB
monitor, but still impressive.

No longer is your PC or PCjr re-
stricted to a palette of 16 colors and
the inability to display them all in
higher resolutions. Now you can
choose to display 256 colors from a
palette of over 1,000,000 colors in
high resolution, and display an en-
tire palette of 256 colors in medium
resolution. And each color is dis-
tinct and solid.

The secret is a combination of a
technique called tile painting and
the trick of fooling a TV or composite
monitor into displaying new solid
colors. To understand how it works,
let's examine the way graphics are
stored, changed, and displayed on
the IBM video screen.

A Byte Of Pixels

Graphics images are stored differ-
ently in the computer's memory for
each different graphics mode or
screen. In its simplest form, the
color of each pixel — the smallest
controllable dot on the screen — is
stored in a section of memory. This
video memory is arranged by its

John Klein ond Jeff Klein

location or coordinates on the
screen. The image you see on the
screen, therefore, is a copy of the
contents of video memory. (Actual-
ly, screens are divided into several
layers when stored in memory, but
that's not important for this discus-
sion; we're concerned with how the
colors of pixels are represented in
memory, not how each pixel is
arranged.)

To figure out how many pixels
can be represented in a byte of
memory, remember that a byte is
made up of eight bits, and a bit is
the smallest unit of memory (a bit is
either a zero or a one). Simply di-
vide the amount of memory re-
quired for a certain screen mode by
the number of pixels on the screen.
The memory requirements for each
screen mode are shown in Table 1.

Remember that RGB stands for
the three primary colors of light:
red, green, and blue. All colors can
be made by mixing these three pri-
mary colors. That's why RGB moni-
tors, color TVs, and composite color
monitors have three electron guns
inside their picture tubes, instead of
the single gun found in black and

white TVs and monochrome moni-
tors. There is a red gun, a green
gun, and a blue gun, all of which
are controlled by the computer to
produce color. If none of the guns is
lighting a pixel, the pixel appears
black.

Colors are represented in
memory by arranging bits to denote
which electron guns should be
turned on or off when lighting the
corresponding pixel, For instance, if
a certain pixel is supposed to be
blue, the group of bits representing
that pixel in memory shows the
blue gun is on and the others off. (A
bit set to 1 means on, and 0 means
off.) All the possible combinations
of the three electron guns account
for eight colors. To get eight more
colors, the intensity, also called lu-
?ninance, is varied by mixing a little
white with the first eight colors.
That's why the IBM PC and PCjr
have a total of 16 color variations:
two shades each of eight colors.

Table 2 shows how each of the
16 colors is represented. Remember
that each bit turns an electron gun
either on or off. Notice how many
bits it takes to represent all the

Table 1: Screen Mode Memory Requirements

Screen

Mode

1
2
3

4
5
6

Resolution

320 X 200
640 X 200
160 X 200
320 X 200
320 X 200
640 X 200

Number of
Colors

4

2

16

4

16

4

Memory
per Screen

16K-
16K

16K
16K
32K
32K

Pixels/Byte

4
8
2
4
2
4

Bits/Pixel

2
1
4
2
4
2

*1K = 1024 bytes

December 1 985 COMPUTEI W

possible combinations. It takes four
bits, or half of a byte (sometimes
called a nybble) to represent all 16
colors. So, all screen modes which
use four bits to represent a pixel are
16-color modes. Only four-color
combinations are possible with two
bits, and only two combinations are
possible with one bit. That's why
some screen modes can display
only four or two colors at a time.
The PCjr's PALETTE com-
mand can switch which colors are
being displayed, but it can't add
any more colors. You're still limited
to the maximum number of colors
for each screen mode.

Tile Painting

Once you're familiar with how pixels
are represented in video memory,
the technique of tile painting is eas-
ier to understand. Tile painting uses
the PAINT command found in PCjr
Cartridge BASIC and IBM BASICA
to fill the bytes of screen memory
with certain patterns of ones and
zeros. This pattern is programma-
ble, and it represents what is dis-
played on the TV or monitor.
Instead of painting with the actual
color, you paint with the bit pattern
of the color. By using bit patterns,
you can actually paint with more
than one color around some speci-
fied border color.

PAINT (x,y), CHR$(bit pattern) -^ CHR$
(bit pattern) + ... ,boundary color

The bit pattern consists of eight
bits, so its decimal equivalent can
range from 0 to 255 (integers only).
The bit pattern must represent the
colors of the pixels per byte of the
screen mode you're using. This
means four colors can be painted at
a time in SCREEN 4 and 6, while
only two colors can be painted at a
time in SCREEN 3 and 5. The color
patterns are put in memory next to
each other as vertical lines on the
screen. The following example
paints SCREEN 1 with vertical
bands of blue and green lines:

10 SCREEN 1;CLS

20 PAINT (1,1),CHRS(102),3

The reason why the lines are
blue and green can be seen when
the number 102 is expressed in bi-
nary, revealing the bit pattern:

102 = 01100110

Table 3 shows how decimal 102 is
derived from this binary number.

Table 2: Color Bits

Bits
Luminance Red Green Blue Color

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0

0

0

Black

0

0

Blue

0

Green

0

1

0

Cyan
Red

1
1

0

Magenta
Broum

1

0

0

Light Gray
Da.tk Grav

0
0
0

1

0

Light Biue
Light Green
Light Cvan
Pink

1
1

Light Magenta
Yellow

1

White

Table 3: Converting Binary to Decimal

Value for

each digit

128 64

32

16

8

4

2

1 01 = 0001 = blue
10 = 0010 = green

Binary

0 1

1

0

0

1

1

0

128 • 0 = 0
64 * 1 - 64

32 * 1 = 32
16 • 0 = 0
8*0= 0
4*1= 4
2*1= 2
1 - 0 - 0

SCREEN 1 stores four pixels per
byte, so the pattern works out to
these colors:

01 10 01 10

blue green blue green

But here's where things get
tricky. If the computer is plugged
into a color TV or composite color
monitor (not an RGB monitor), you
won't see the blue and green verti-
cal lines that are supposed to be
there. Instead, you'll see a solid bar
of color that's sort of blue. And the
blue is not one of the normal 16
colors available. It is a new color-
one of the 256 shades that can be
created this way on SCREEN 1 of
the PCjr, and one of the 16 shades
that can be created on SCREEN 1 of
the PC.

What's happening here is some-
thing called artifacting. This effect
takes advantage of the limited reso-
lution of TVs and composite color
monitors. When two very small pix-
els are placed next to each other on
these screens, there isn't enough

102

resolution to display them proper-
ly. As a result, the pixels tend to
blend together and create a false
color — an artifact color. The color
wouldn't be visible if the screen
had more resolution, which is why
you usually need a TV or composite
color monitor to observe this effect.
RGB monitors have enough resolu-
tion to display the pixels as they're
supposed to appear.

Creating New Colors

If the binary pattern 10 01 10 01 is
used in the above example instead
of 01 10 01 10, the shade is slightly
different — blue-green-blue-green
does not appear the same as green-
blue-green-blue on a color TV or or
composite monitor. They mix dif-
ferently to create an entirely new
shade of blue-green.

The PC can mix a fewer num-
ber of colors than the PCjr for two
reasons. The first is that the PC has
only two graphics modes, SCREEN
1 and SCREEN 2. Tile painting pro-
duces only 16 colors in SCREEN 1

TOO COMPUTEI December 1985

and five shades of gray in SCREEN
2, Still, these are more colors than
what are normally available in
these modes. The second reason is
that the PC does not have a PAL-
ETTE command as the PCjr does.
The PC does have a second color
palette in SCREEN 1, but the mixed
colors look the same as the first
palette on a color TV or composite
monitor.

On SCREEN 6, available only
in PCjr Cartridge BASIC, there are
four pixels per byte. Because the
pixels are very small (640 X 400
per screen), vertical bands of four
different colors can be mixed to
form shades of any color. In medi-
um resolution, 320 X 200, vertical
bands of two different colors form
new solid colors. Tile painting
doesn't work in low resolution, 160
X 200, because the pixels are too
large.

For a demonstration of hoiv
closely spaced vertical bands create
new colors, enter and run Program
1 (for the PCjr only). Using the
LINE command instead of PAINT,
line 20 fills the first 40 columns of
SCREEN 6 with purple bands on
every line that is a multiple of four;
0, 4, 8, 12, and so on. Line 30 fills
the next 40 columns with the same
color on every vertical line that is a
multiple of four plus one: 1, 5, 9, 13,
and so on. Then the program fills
the screen with lines of the other
two colors available in SCREEN 6,
The result, on a TV or composite
monitor, is 12 different colors in-
stead of the four you'd expect.

Adding up all the different
combinations of four colors results
in 256 shades, and all 256 can be
displayed on the screen at the same
time. When you take into account
that the PALETTE command can
change any of the four basic colors
into any of the other 16 colors,
there are 1,092,016 possible shades
in high resolution.

Program 2 (for the PCjr only)
proves it can be done. This program
displays 256 shades on the screen
by drawing the vertical lines using
only the first four colors. After
painting all the shades, it randomly
changes the palettes. If the colors
selected by the PALETTE com-
mand were never repeated, it
would take about an hour and a

half to cycle through all one million
colors.

Colors In Other Modes

In SCREEN 5, there are 256 possi-
ble colors, as demonstrated by Pro-
gram 3 (also for the PCjr only). In
SCREEN 4 and SCREEN 1, vvhich
are the same resolution, only four
basic colors are available, so tile
painting lets us display up to 16
hues simultaneously. With the
PALETTE command on the PCjr,
you can select these 16 colors from
256 possibilities. Program 4 dis-
plays 16 shades, then uses the PAL-
ETTE command to get the rest.
Vertical bands with four colors
don't blend in this mode, so some-
how bands of two must be painted,
The secret is in line 40. Since there
are four pixels per byte, the last half
of the byte has to be reflected in the
first half. This technique insures
that only two colors are in each
band of four. The first half is the
same as the last half, so the first
band of two will be the same as the
last band of two. Program 4 will
also work on the PC, but without
the PALETTE command (line 80)
you are limited to only 16 colors.

Tile painting doesn't work cor-
rectly in SCREEN 2, high resolution
with two colors, because this screen
is always in black and white. How-
ever, you can get five shades of
gray, as shown by Program 5 (for
PC and PCjr). Solid lines form the
brightest white. Lines separated by
one line of black give the next-
brightest white. Lines separated by
two or three lines of black yield the
next two shades. The middle gray
can't be displayed when using the
PAINT command, because it's not
possible to create a bit pattern that
represents two blacks and then a
white. Table 4 shows which bit pat-
terns generate the various shades of
gray.

Tile painting doesn't work at
all in SCREEN 3 because the pixels
are too large. To see a demo of tile
painting in SCREEN 1 for the PC or
PCjr, run Program 6. It fills the
screen ^vith circles, displaying up to
256 colors on the PCjr and 16 colors
on the PC.

Program 7, for the PC and PCjr
with an RGB monitor, demonstrates
the usefulness of the many new
colors in a fascinating experiment.

It uses SCREEN 1 and tile painting,
but in a different way than seen
above. Closely spaced vertical lines
don't blend together on an RGB
monitor, so the previous technique
won't work. So instead. Program 7
uses the second part of the PAINT
command. The first CHR$(bif pat-
tern) controls the horizontal line
above the second CHR$(i;[f pat-
tern). Now the PAINT command
can control the horizontal as well as
the vertical lines, forming a
checkerboard.

Although the checkerboard
blends the lines together to create
new colors, the colors aren't as solid
as those produced by vertical lines
on a TV or composite monitor. In-
deed, the effect won't look very
pretty on a TV or composite moni-
tor; it's passable on an RGB.

Program 8 (for the PCjr only)
employs the same technique as
Program 7, but uses SCREEN 5 on
the PCjr to create all 240 possible
colors on the RGB monitor at once.
The PALETTE command won't cre-
ate any new shades here, because
all 16 colors and their possible com-
binations are displayed.

Program 9 (for the PCjr only) is
the same as the last two, but uses
SCREEN 6 on the PCjr, It does a
much better job of blending, al-
though the colors still aren't per-
fectly solid. Ten shades are
displayed at once and the PAL-
ETTE command cycles through all
240 possible shades.

Painting Your Own
Programs

To use the new colors in your own
programs, simply choose one of the
following example programs which
uses the same screen mode. Table 5
summarizes the programs and the
number of color variations possible
in each.

If you're programming on a
PCjr, remove the lines that deal
with changing the palette. You can
change palettes on the PCjr in di-
rect mode until most of the shades
you want are on the screen. We
suggest not changing the palettes in
the 16-color modes, because the
unchanged palette creates the wid-
est variety of colors with the least
amount of extra work.

In four-color modes, the screen
displays 16 shades. Pick the color

December 1965 cOMPUTil lOi

you want, then refer to Table 6 for
the corresponding decimal and hexa-
decimal translations of the bit pat-
terns required.

If you're using a 16-color mode
with a TV or composite monitor,
the screen displays 256 shades and
the bit patterns can be figured as
follows: First choose the color.
Then, starting at zero at the upper-
left corner of the screen, count in
hex across the screen to the column
with the color you want. Remember
to count in hex (0 through 9, then A
through F). Then, still working in
hex, count the number of rows
down to the color you want. These
two numbers form the bit pattern of
the chosen color. Use them as
shown below:

PAINT (x,y),CHR$( &H row column),
boundary

Example: If row = A and column

= 2, then

PAINT (x,y),CHRS(&HA2),boundary

If you're using an RGB monitor
with a 16-color mode, choose
which two of the 16 colors to make
into the checkerboard. Then write
each of their numbers in hex (0-F).
Use these numbers as the bit pat-
tern as shown below. Switching the
first and second colors will create
the checkerboard.

PAINT (x,y),CHRS&H Isl color 2nd
color) -f-CHR$(&H 2nd color 1st
colar),boundary

Example: If 1st color = B (light

cyan) and 2nd color = 2 (green),

then

PAINT (x,y),CHRS(&HB2) + CHRS(&H2B)

IBM boasts of only the check-
erboard technique for shading col-
ors. I find the other method more
fascinating. Now you can enhance
your screens with a new palette of
bright, solid colors, which formerly
were thought to be impossible on
an IBM.

For instructions on entering these listings,
please refer to "COMPUTErs Guide to Typing
In Programs" published bimonthly in cowpute'.
A!5o. see Table 6 for o descrtption of the
progranns.

Program 1 : PCjr

i! 10 CLEAR, , ,327iB' : SCREEN 6: CL

S;KEY OFF
DJ 20 FOR X=0 TO 40 STEP 4 : L I NE

(X,0J-(>:,200) ,3:NEXT
,'H 30 FOR Xs-qi ID 80 STEP 4:LINE

<X,0)-U,200) ,3:NEXT
lA 40 FOR X=a2 TO 120 STEP 4-.LIN

E (X,ei)-(X,200) ,3:NEXT

Table 4: Gray Scales in SCREEN 2

Binary

Decimal Hex

color 1 =

color 0

1 ] 1 1 1 1 ] 1 = 256 = &.HVF =

010 10 10 1 = 85 = &H55 =

(Not accessible) =

00010001 = 17= &H11 =

000000 0 0 = 0= &H00 =

Shade

White
Dull White
Middle Gray
Dark Grav
Black

Table 5: Program Descriptions

Screen

Colors per

Program

Mode

Max Colors

Screen

PC or PCjr

Display Device

Program 1

SCREEN 6

1,092,016

256

PCjr

TV or CC*

Program 2

SCREEN 6

1,092,016

256

PCjr

TV or CC

Program 3

SCREEN 5

256

256

PCjr

TV or CC

Program 4

SCREEN 1 or

4 256

16

PCjr

TV or CC

SCREEN 1

16

16

PC

TV or CC

Program 5

SCREEN 2

5

5

PC/ PCjr

TV or CC

Program 6

SCREEN 1

256

16

PCjr

TV or CC

16

16

PC

TV or CC

Program 7

SCREEN 1 or

4 240

10

PCjr

RGB

SCREEN 1

20

10

PC

RGB

Program 8

SCREEN 5

240

240

PCjr

RGB

Program 9

SCREEN 6

240

10

PCjr

RGB

*CC = Composite color monitor

Table 6: Translations of Bit Patterns in Four-Color Modes

Shade Position

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9
10
11
12
13
14
15

TV or Composite
Decimal Hex

RGB
Decimal Hex

0

17

34

51

70

85

102

119

136

153

176

187

204

221

238

255

&H00

&Hn

&H22

&H33

&H44

&H55

&H66

&H77

&H88

&Hg9

&HAA

&HBB

&HCC

&HDD

&HEE

&HFF

0 + 0

&H00 + &:H00

17

34

51

70

85
102 +
119 +
136 +
153 +
176 +
187 +
204 +
221 —
238 +
255 +

70
136
204
17

85

153

221

34

102

176

238

51

119

187

255

&H11
&H22
&H33

&H44
&H55

&H44

&H88

&HCC

&H11

&H55

&H66 + &H99
&H77 + &HDD
&H88 + &H22
&H99 + &H66
&HAA + &HAA
&:HBB + &HEE
&HCC + &H33
&HDD + &H77
&HEE + &HBB
&HFF + &HFF

E: 50 FOR X=123 TO 160 STEP 4: LI

NE <X,0)-f X,200) ,3; :NEXT
■H 60 FDR X = 160 TO 200 STEP 4: LI

tME (X,0)-(X,200) , 1:NEXT
HS 70 FDR X=201 TO 240 STEP 4: LI

NE (X,0) -<X,200) , 1:NEXT
fO 60 FOR X=242 TO 2B0 STEP 4: LI

NE (X,0) ■(X,200) , 1 :NEXT
NH 90 FDR X=283 TO 320 STEP 4:LI

NE (X,0)-<X,200) , 1:NEXT
00 100 FOR X=320 TO 360 STEP 4:L

INE <X,0)-(X,200) ,2:NeXT
rN 110 FOR X-361 TO 400 STEP 4:L

INE (X,0)-(X,200) ,2:NEXT
5l 120 FOR X=402 TO 440 STEP 4:L

INE (X,0)-(X,200) ,2:NEXT
GE 130 FDR X=443 TO 480 STEP 4:L
INE (X,0)-(X,200) ,2:IMEXT

Program 2: PCjr

!■ 10 CLEAR, , ,32768 <: SCREEN 6:CL

S:KEY OFF
i.3 20 RANDOMIZE TIMER: Z—1 : A= INT

(640/ 16)

30 FDR Y=0 TD 15

40 FDR X=0 TO 15:Z=Z+1

50 LINE (X»A, Y«12.5) - (X*A+A, y

*12.5+12.5) ,3,B
60 IF Z<:-0 THEN PAINT (X*A+1,

¥*12.5+1 ) ,CHR*{Z) ,3
70 LINE (X«A, Y«12-5) - (X»A+A, Y

112.5+12.5) ,0,B
80 NEXT X,Y
90 PALETTE RND*3, RND* IS: BDTQ

90

Program 3: PCjr

10 CLEAR, , ,32768 ■: SCREEN 5:CL

S:KEY OFF
20 RANDOMIZE T IMER: 7=-l : A= INT

(320/16)
30 FOR Y-=0 TD 15
40 FOR X=0 TD 15:Z=Z+1
50 LINE (X»A, Y*12.5)-{X»:A+fl, Y

*12.5+12.5) ,3, 8
60 IF IO0 THEN PAINT (Xtfl+1,

Y»12.5+l I ,CHRt IZ) ,3

102 COMPUTEI December 1985

nh 7£l LINE (X*A,Y«12.5)-(X»A+A,y

♦12.5+12.5) ,0,8
J! 80 NEXT X,Y
tX 90 GOTO 90

Program 4: PC/PCjr

CA 10 SCREEN 1:CLS:KEY OFF: COLOR

,0
sn 20 RANDDMI2E VOL (RIGHT* (TIMES

,2) ) :Z=-t :fi=INT(320/16) : V=

13
OB 30 FDR X = fJ TO I5:Z = Z + !
II 40 LINE (X»A,0!-'.X*A+A,200) ,3

,B
Ki 50 IF Z >0 THEN PAINT :X*A+1,

1) ,CHR4(Z+Z*16) ,3
•li 60 LINE (X«A,a>-(X«A+A,200) ,0

,B
(M 70 NEXT X
ei. BPJ PALETTE RND*3 , RND* 1 5: BOTO

B0: ' Remove this line for

PC

Program 5: PC/PCjr

LF 10 SCREEN 2,1:CLS:KEY OFF

nj 20 FDR X=l TO 100: LINE (X,l)-

<X,200) , 1:NEXT X
DH 30 FOR X=101 TO 200 STEP 2tLI

NE (X, n-(X,200) , 1;NEXT X
HN 40 FDR X=201 TD 300 STEP 3:LI

NE tX, l)-(X,200) , 1:NEXT X
KD 50 FDR X=301 TD 400 STEP 4:H

NE iX, l)-(X,200) , 1:NEXT X
:E 60 GOTO 60

Program 6: PC/PCjr

Cm 10 SCREEN 1:CLS:KEY OFF: COLOR

,0
-0 20 RANDDMIZE WftL (RIGHTS (TIMES

,2))
GD 30 X=RNDt320: Y=RND«200:R=RND*

10+10:TILE=INT(RND»(15)+1)
31 40 CIRCLE (X, Y) ,R,3:PAINT (X,

Y) ,CHR*(TILE+TILE»16) ,3: CI

RCLE (X,Y),R,0
AE 50 IF RND»10>a THEN PALETTE R

ND»3+1,RND«15: ' Remove thi

5 line for PC
EA 60 BOTD 20

Program 7: PC/PCjr

en 10 SCREEN 1:CLS:KEY OFF: COLOR

,0
-O 20 RANDOMIZE VAL (RIGHTS ( T IMES

,2) > :Z=-1:A=INT(320/16) : Y=

0:C=0
03 30 FOR X=0 TO 15:Z=Z+1
m 40 LINE (XtA,0)-(XtA+A,200) ,3

,B: Y=Z + Z«16:0-Y*4:R=^INT (Q/

256) :Q=a-R*2S6+R
■■ 50 IF Z<;0 THEN PAINT (X«A+!,

1 ) , CHRS ( Y) +CHRS (Q) , 3
CD 60 LINE (X*A,0)-(X«A+A,200) ,0

,B
911 70 NEXT X
GL 80 PALETTE RND«3, RND* 15: GOTO

80:' Remove this line for

PC
if, 90 C=l-C: COLOR ,C:FQR Z = l TD

100:NEXT:GOTG 80:' Remove

this line far PC

Program 8: PCjr

''y 10 CLEAR, ,, 32768' : SCREEN 5: CL

5: KEY OFF
65 20 RANDOMIZE TIMER: Z=-l : A= INT

(320/16)
IB 30 FOR Y=0 TD 15
3E 40 FOR X=0 TO 15:Z=Z+1
JO 50 LINE (X*fi, Y*12.5)-(X*A+A, Y

«12.5+12.51,3,B:a=(Z)*16:R

=INT(Q/256) : Q=Q-R»256+R
[[ 60 IF ZO0 THEN PAINT (X*ft+1,

Y* 12. 5+1) ,CHRS(Z)+CHRS(C]) ,

rh 70 LINE (X*A, Y412.5)- (X*A+A, Y

*12. 5+12.3) ,0,B
v'l 80 NEXT X.V
?L 90 BOTO 90

Program 9: PCjr

!'£ it' CLEAR, , ,32768' : SCREEN 6: CL

S:KEY OFF
;": 20 RANDDMIZE T IMSR: Z=-l : A=INT

(640/16) :Y=0
GC 30 FDR X=0 TO 15:Z = Z+1
\n 40 LINE (X*A,0)-(X*A + A,200> ,3

,B: Y=Z+Ztl6:D=Y*4:R=INT(0/

256) :Q=Q-R*256+R
k: 50 IF Z:;0 THEN PAINT iX*A+l,

1) ,CHRS(Y)+CHRS(a) ,3
il) 60 LINE (X*A,0)-(X*A+A,200) ,0

,B
fi.1 70 NEXT ,.:
3! 30 PALETTE RND«3, RND* 15: GOTO

80

Computed GOTOs And GOSUBs
For Commodore 64

This short, relocatable utility permits
computed GOTO and GOSUB state-
ments in Commodore 64 BASIC.

You're probably familiar with
GOTO and GOSUB statements,
which pass control to another line
in a BASIC program. In Commo-
idore BASIC, these keyworcis can
only be followed by a line number,
as in GOTO 100. Some other ver-
sions of BASIC let you replace the

William M Wiese

line number with a variable, such as
GOTO X, or even a complex expres-
sion, such as GOSUB X+100*ABS
(Y). Since the line number is com-
puted from the expression, the term
computed GOTO or GOSUB is used
to describe this feature.

Computing the destination
from an expression offers two ad-
vantages. You can make your pro-
grams easier to understand by
using meaningful variable names
for subroutines instead of line num-

bers— for instance, replacing GO-
SUB 1000 with GOSUB DRAW.
And computed GOTO and GOSUB
statements offer a more flexible and
efficient means of controlling pro-
gram flow. For example, say that
you write a program with six sub-
routines: The first starts at line
1000, the second is at 2000, and so
on up to line 6000. The usual way
to direct the computer to the correct
subroutine would be with an ON-
GOSUB statement:

December 1 ijes computei 103

ON A GOSUB 1000,2000,3000,4000,
5000,6000

With computed GOSUBs, the
same thing can be accomplished
with the more compact statement
GOSUB A. If A = 1000, the com-
puter performs the subroutine at
line 1000. If A = 2000, then GOSUB
2000 is performed, and so forth.

The program below adds both
of these useful statements to Com-
modore 64 BASIC. Type in and
save a copv before vou run it. Enter
line 130 exactly as shown (do not
add an extra comma after the num-
ber 57812). The program automati-
cally saves a machine language
program named "CGO.ML" on
disk. If you're using tape, change
the ,8 to ,1 in line 130. Once the
program has been created, load it
with LOAD"CG0.ML",8,l for disk
or LOAD"CGO.ML",1,1 for tape.

Expressive Programming

Once the routine is loaded into
memory, you can perform a com-
puted GOSUB with the statement
SYS iBloliCxpression. Replace ex-
pression with any variable or ex-
pression that evaluates to a valid
line number (from 0-63999). Use
SYS 49179, expression to perform a
computed GOTO. For example, if
the variable DRAW equals 1000,
then SYS 49152,DRAW does the
same thing as GOSUB 1000, and
SYS 49179,DRAW does the same
thing as GOTO 1000.

It's usually advantageous to
substitute variables for 49152 and
49179 in such SYS statements. For
instance, your program might con-
tain the following lines:

10 CG = 49152

90 SYS CG,DRAW

In Commodore BASIC, using
variables in place of numbers
speeds up a program. It takes the
computer less time to find the value
of the variable CG than it does to
calculate the value of a constant
such as 49152.

In some cases, you may want
to use the memory locations start-
ing at 49152 for a different machine
language routine. If you use a disk
drive, you can move the computed
GOTO/GOSUB routine to the cas-
sette buffer, which begins at loca-
tion 828. Simply change lines 100,
140, 150, and 210 as shown here;

100 FOR 1=828 TO 878 :rem 234
140 POKE 1 93, 60: POKE 1 94, 3

:rera 39
150 POKE1.74, 1 10:POKE1 75,3

: rem 132
210 DATA 76,91,3,169,255,133

: rem 102

Before running the modified
program, replace the name CGO.ML
in line 130 with a new name
(CGML/828 or whatever) that re-
flects the alteration. Then load the
program as described above and
use SYS 828,expressioii for comput-
ed GOSUB and SYS S55, expression
for computed GOTO.

Occasionally, computed GO-
TOs and GOSUBs don't seem to
work correctly. For example, sup-
pose a program contains the state-
ment SYS 49179, 5*COS(X). If X
has the value 0, then this statement
should do the same thing as GOTO
5 (to confirm this, tvpe PRINT
5*COS(0) and press RETURN). In-
stead, the computer performs the
equivalent of GOTO 4. Such effects
are the result of slight rounding
errors caused when the computer
converts numbers from one format
to another. The 64 — like virtually
every other computer — stores and
manipulates numbers internally in
a different format from the decimal
numbers we ordinarily use. In this
case, the computer evaluates
5*COS(0) as 4.99999999, then
throws away the fraction, ending
up with the integer (whole) value of
4. To prevent such rounding errors,
add a small number (.00001 is a
good value) to the expression. For
instance, SYS 49179, 5*COS(0) +
.00001 correctly performs GOTO 5.

How It Worlcs

Computed GOTOs and GOSUBs
are surprisingly easy to add to
Commodore BASIC. When the
computer performs an ordinary
GOSUB, it "remembers" its current
place in the program by storing an
address and the current BASIC line
number in a special memory area
called the stack. An additional byte
is stored on the stack to show that a
GOSUB caused the stack entry.
This makes it possible for the com-
puter to find its way back to the
right spot when the subroutine
ends with RETURN.

From this point onward, GO-
SUB and GOTO share the same
code and work exactly the same.
The computer looks at the ASCII

line number stored in the BASIC
program text (if it finds anything
other than ASCII numerals, it stops
with an UNDEF'D STATEMENT
error). Then it converts the line
number to integer form and stores it
in locations 20-21. Finally, the
computer searches the program text
for the matching line number and
(if the line exists) continues
forward.

To make computed GOTOs
and GOSUBs possible, this utility
duplicates the way a GOSUB state-
ment stores return information on
the stack. But it adds something
new to the common routine that
retrieves the line number from the
program text. Instead of getting the
line number in the old manner, we
call BASIC'S main evaluation rou-
tine at memory address 44446. This
routine, usually labeled FRMEVL,
can evaluate any BASIC expression
(unlike the normal routine, which
accepts only numerals). After call-
ing a second routine at 47095 to
convert the number into a two-byte
address, the utility stores the line
number in locations 20-21. Since
this is exactly where the GOTO
routine expects to find the line
number, we then jump into the
computer's normal routine at ad-
dress 43171,

Computed GOTOs And
GOSUBs

For instructions on entering this listing, please
refer to "COf^^PUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" published bimonthly In compute!.

100 FOR 1=491 52 TO 49202

: rem 167
11.0 READ A: POKE I, A : rem 14
1 20 NEXT :rem 21 0

130 SYS 5781 2"CG0.ML",a

:rem 226
140 POKE 193,0 :POKE 194,192

:rem 1 40
150 POKE 174, 51: POKE 175,192

:rein 1 93
160 SYS 62954 :rem 1 60

170 DATA 169,0,133,2,169,3

:reni 250
180 DATA 32,251,163,165,123,72

:rem 193
190 DATA 165,122,72,165,58,72

: rem 1 5 6
200 DATA 165,57,72,169,141,72

:rem 1 32
210 DATA 76,31,192,169,255,133

:rem 201
220 DATA 2,32,253,174,32,158

:rem 90
230 DATA 173,32,247,183,32,163

:rem 1 95
240 DATA 168,165,2,240,1,96

:rem 47
250 DATA 76,174,167 :rem 176

104 COMPUTEI December 1965

Refurbish
Your

Richord Roffers And Jeffrey Hock

Enhance your Commodore 64 by mod-
ifying its built-in operating system.
This unusual program eliminates sev-
eral annoying bugs and adds conven-
ient new features as well.

While the Commodore 64 is n re-
markable computer, its operating
system, the Kernal, has a few noto-
rious shortcomings. Some 64s lock
up if you type a line more than 80
characters long at the bottom of the
screen, then delete a character.
POKEs to screen memory are in-
visible on some models, and none
of them handle the ASC value of a
null string ("") correctly. "Refur-
bish Your 64" corrects these prob-
lems and makes several other
improvements as well. Of course,
the changes are only temporary.
Restarting the computer returns it
to normal.

Type in and save the accompa-
nying program, and be sure to re-
move any cartridges from the
expansion port. When you run the
program, the computer behaves as
if you just turned the power on —
but with a difference. The startup
message reveals that the Kernal has

been modified. As you may know,
the 64 has programmable RAM
(Random Access Memory) "under-
neath" the ROM (Read Only Mem-
ory) addresses where BASIC and
the Kernal are stored. This program
works by copying BASIC and the
Kernal from ROM into the underlv-
ing RAM, modifying them, and
then turning off the ROM to make
the computer use the RAM-based
Kernal and BASIC.

Don't worry if that seems un-
clear, You can use this program
without knowing how all the de-
tails work. For now, notice that the
number of bytes free is shown as
51,216, far more than the usual
number (38,911). Since the 64 now
has RAM instead of ROM at loca-
tions 40960-49151, it thinks its
BASIC program space stretches all
the way from location 2048 to
53264. But that's just an illusion.
We can't use the RAM from
40960-49151 without destroying
the modified BASIC we just put
there. Before you do anything else,
reset the top-of-memory pointer to
its normal value by typing the fol-
lowing line and pressing RETURN:

POKE 55,0:POKE 56,160:POKE 643,0:POKE
644,1 60;NEW

This line must always be en-
tered immediately after you run the
program (or perform a cold start
with SYS 64738). Once that is done,
your modified 64 is ready to go.
Let's look at each modification in
turn and note how you can custom-
ize this program to suit your own
tastes.

Screen Colors

Everyone seems to have different
preferences for default screen col-
ors. If you don't like the usual col-
ors, they're easy to change. Lines
1460, 1500, and 1550 define the
default background, border, and
character colors, respectively.
Change the values in those lines to
whatever color numbers you like,
then rerun the program. The cho-
sen colors will reappear whenever
you press RUN/STOP-RESTORE
or cause a cold start with SYS
64738.

In this and other parts of the
program, you'll notice that each
group of DATA statements repre-
sents one change, with the first
DATA statement in each group
specifying the starting address and
the number of bytes to be changed
in ROM. The remaining DATA
statements in each group contain
the actual bytes that are POKEd
into RAM to make the change. The
REM statements in each section ex-
plain which values you may
change.

Default Device

Although most 64 owners use a
disk drive, the default device for
LOAD, SAVE, and VERIFY is the
Datassette. Lines 1600-1700
change the default device number
to 8 so that a command like SAVE
"FILE" (without the ,8) saves to the
disk drive rather than cassette. You
can still use tape by adding device
number 1 to vour commands (for
instance, SAVE"FILE",1). How-
ever, for nonrelocating disk loads
you must still add ,8,1 to the com-
mand (as in LOAD"FILE",8,l). Re-
place the 8 in line 1650 with a 1 if
you don't have a disk drive.

Auto Load/Run

When you press SHIFT-RUN/
STOP, normally the 64 loads and
runs the first program on tape.
Since the disk drive is now the de-

0ecemberl985 COMPUTei 105

fault device, the SHIFT-RUN/
STOP routine has been modified to
perform the equivalent of
LOAD"*",8 followed by RUN. This
was necessary because disk loads
(unlike tape) always require a file-
name. The command LOAD"*", 8
normally loads the first program
file on the disk. However, in some
cases the wildcard symbol * is equal
to the last filename used rather than
the first file on disk.

Screen POKEs

Depending on the age of your 64,
POKEs to screen memory (like
POKE 1024,42) may produce white
characters, invisible characters (the
same color as the background), or
characters the same color as the
cursor. This program makes all
screen POKEs appear in the cursor
color as on the newest 64s.

Moving CLR/HOME

This is a change you may or may
not find desirable, so we've made it
optional. Some people often hit the
CLR/HOME key by accident when
trying to press the INST/DEL key.
Instead of inserting a character in a
line that you're editing, the screen
clears and your work is lost. To
eliminate this problem, remove the
REMs from lines 2060-2280. This
modification exchanges the posi-
tions of the CLR/HOME key and
the £ key, moving CLR/HOME to a
less vulnerable position. If you
make this change and use this pro-
gram frequently, you may want to
exchange the keycaps for those
keys as well. The keycaps are easily
removed by prying them straight
up.

INPUT Prompt

As you probably know, INPUT per-
mits a prompt message (for ex-
ample, INPUT"YOUR CHOICE"
;A$ prints YOUR CHOICE?). If the
prompt message is longer than one
screen line, INPUT either tacks the
entire prompt message onto the
front of your response (when ac-
cepting string input) or causes a
REDO FROM START error (when
accepting numeric input). Lines
2310-2340 eliminate this bug.

LIST Freezing

The 64 normally lets you slow
screen scrolling (caused by PRINT-

ing or LISTing to the screen) by
pressing the CTRL key. In many
cases, it's more convenient to freeze
such displays rather than merely
slow them down. When the modi-
fied Kernal is installed, SHIFT (or
SHIFT-LOCK) will freeze screen
scrolling. Pressing CTRL while a
screen is frozen causes it to scroll at
the normal rate as long as both
SHIFT and CTRL are pressed.

Keyboard Buffer Option

Since this modification may not be
useful to everyone, we've made it
optional. The computer's keyboard
buffer stores keystrokes temporar-
ily. If you type faster than the com-
puter can digest the keystrokes, the
keyboard buffer remembers them
until the system is ready. The buffer
is normally ten characters long;
when you type more than ten char-
acters "ahead" of the system, the
extra characters are lost. There are
times when a longer buffer would
be useful — for example, to prevent
a fast typist from overflowing the
buffer or to let the computer exe-
cute long direct-mode commands
as if they were typed directly on the
keyboard.

If you remove the REMs from
lines 2530-2720, the keyboard
buffer is moved from its normal
location (631-640) to an 80-byte
area in the cassette buffer (starting
at 828). Note that many programs
expect to find the keyboard buffer
in its normal place and may misbe-
have or crash as a result of this
relocation. For this reason, be care-
ful to test the program after incor-
porating this change.

Power-Up Message

This message is displayed when
you first run the program, and
thereafter (as long as the computer
remains on) when you cause a cold
start with SYS 64738. After per-
forming a cold start, you must al-
ways reset the top-of-memory
pointer as explained above. Lines
3190-3220 contain the data for the
new startup message. The numbers
are ASCII character codes (listed in
your user's guide). To replace this
message with one of your own, re-
place these codes with ASCII codes
for the characters that you want. Do
not try to add any extra characters
(there's no room for them in the I

modified Kernal). Note that tlw last
ASCII code must be a 0. If you omit
the final 0, the computer may crash
when it tries to print the message.

Screen Lockup

Some early models of the 64 suffer
from the infamous bottom-of-
screen lockup bug, caused when
you type in a line more than 80
characters long at the bottom of the
screen, then delete a character. This
bug has been eliminated.

New Erase Key

Commodore computers provide ex-
cellent full-screen editing capabili-
ties. However, some people prefer
an "erase" key that acts like a mini
black hole. When you press it, the
character under the cursor disap-
pears, and everything to the right of
that character moves left one space.
This is the equivalent of pressing
CURSOR RIGHT followed by DE-
LETE. We chose to make the seldom-
used SHIFT-E combination into an
erase key. To erase a character, just
press SHIFT-£. The new erase key
repeats when you hold it down, just
like the cursor keys and INST/DEL
(SHlFT-9 now repeats as well, an
unavoidable side effect). If you
need the graphics character that
SHIFT-E normally prints, use
PRINT CHR$(169).'

Null String Fix

The 64's normal ASC function can't
handle a null string (two quotation
marks with nothing between them).
A statement like PRINT ASC("")
causes an ILLEGAL QUANTITY er-
ror. This is one of the easiest ROM
bugs to fix, requiring only a one-
byte change.

For most ordinary program-
ming, a RAM-based Kernal and
BASIC work just fine. However,
since other programs may use the
same RAM area (to store a high-
resolution screen, make other mod-
ifications to BASIC, or whatever),
3'ou must be alert for conflicts. If
another program POKEs into the
RAM where the modified BASIC
and Kernal are stored, the computer
may crash. As mentioned earlier,
turning the computer off and on
restores the original, ROM-based
versions of BASIC and the Kernal.
The only way to make these
changes permanent is to store the

106 COMPUTE! December 19S5

modified BASIC and Kernal in
EPROM (Eraseable Programmable
ROM) chips and substitute them for
the existing ROM chips — a job re-
quiring specialized equipment and
expertise.

Refurbish Your 64

For instructions on entering this listing, please
refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" publisned bimontfily in compute!.

1000 REM COMMODORE 64 KERNAL M

ODIFIER. irem 238

1030 rem(4 spacesIthis section

OF CODE IS A :rein 130

1040 rem{4 spaces] small MACHIN

E language :rem 91

1050 REM (4 SPACES] PROG RAM V/HIC

H DOVmLOADS : rem 224

1060 REM [4 SPACES JTHE KEfWJAL 1

NTO THE :rem 100

1070 REM{4 spaces} UNDERLYING R

AM AND THEN : rem 143

1080 REM {4 SPACES J t3ANKS OUT Til

E KERNAL ROM. : rem 206

1150 PRINT"(CLRj i9 DOIW )

[15 SPACEsiill ?§"

: rem 208
1200 PRINT" (15 SPACES] fRVS)PLE

ASE WAIT" :rem 149

1210 PRINT" J2 DOWN) {4 SPACESJD

ON'T FORGET TO RESHT THE

( SPACE iTOP OF" :reni 105

1220 PRINT"(D01/N] [7 SPACESjMEI^l

ORY POINTERS (SEE TEXT)."

: rem 149

1230 FOR 1=49152 TO 49212:READ

B:POKE I,B:NEXT 1 : rem 87

1240 DATA 169,0,133,251,1.69,16

0,133,252,76,24,192,234,1

69,0,133,251 :rem 226
1250 DATA 169,224,133,252,76,2

4,192,234,162,32, 160,0, 17

7,251,145,251 : rem 20
1260 DATA 200,208,249,230,252,

202,208,242,96,2 3 4, 120,16

5,1,37,253 :rem 118
1270 DATA 133,1,88,96,234,120,

165,1,5,253,133,1,88,96

: rem 54
1300 REM(4 SPACES] THIS DOV<-NLOA

DS BASIC. :rem 27
1320 POKE 253,l!SYS 49204 :SYS

[SPACE)49152 :rem 1(52
1350 REM (4 SPACES) THIS DOITOLOA

DS THE KERNAL. : rem 9 2
1370 POKE 253,2 :SYS 49204 :SYS

fSPACE}49164 : rem 111
1400 REM [4 SPACES) THE DATA BEL

OVJ MODIFIES :rem 109
1410 REM {4 SPACES jTHE DEFAULT

I SPACE ) BACKG ROUND ,

: rem 156
1420 REM{4 SPACES) BORDER, AND

( SPACE ]CHARACTER : rem 245
1430 REH[4 SPACES )COLORS (IN T

HAT ORDER) . : rem 65
1450 DATA 60633,2 : rem 68
1460 DATA 6; REM [3 SPACES }THE B

ACKGROUND COLOR : rem 121
1470 REM (10 SPACES }CODE OF YOU

R CHOICE :rem 90

1480 REH(10 SPACES) (VALUES 0 -

15) . ;rem 195

1500 DATA 6:REH(3 SPACES )THE B

ORDER COLOR : rem 62
1510 REM [10 SPACES ]CODE OP YOU

R CHOICE : rem 85

1520 REM[ 10 SPACES) (VALUES 0 -
15) . :rem 190

1540 DATA 58677,1 :rera 82
1550 DATA 14;REM[2 SPACES] THE
[ SPACE JCHARACTER COLOR

: rem 8 5

1560 REM[10 SPACES)CODE OF YOU

R CHOICE :reni 90

1570 HEHfl0 SPACES) (VALUES 0 -

15). :rem 195

1600 rem[4 spaces ithe default
(space)device number

: rem 10
1610 REM[4 SPACES)F0R 'LOAD',
(SPACE) 'SAVE' , AND

:rem 169
1620 REM(4 SPACES) 'VERIFY' .

:rem 254

1640 DATA 57818,1 : rem 79

1650 DATA 8:REM{3 SPACESJTHE D

ISK DRIVE WILL : rem 250

1660 REM [10 SPACES) BE THE NKW

(space) DEFAULT : rem 8
1670 REM(10 spaces) DEVICE.
(2 SPACES) IF YOU DO

: rem 175
1680 REHtie SPACESJNOT HAVE A

(space)disk drive,

:rem 218

1690 REMUS SPACES }REPLACE THE

a IN LINE irein 136

1700 REM[10 SPACES) 1650 WITH A

1. trem 84

1730 REM{4 SPACES)THE SCREEN P

OKE FIX. :rem 148

1740 REM(4 SPACES]THE SCREEN C

OLOR MEMORY : rem 169

1750 RSM(4 SPACES]WILL NOW BE

(space) FILLED WITH: rem 80
1760 REM[4 SPACESJTHE CURRENT

[ SPACE jCHARACTER : rem 67
1770 REM(4 SPACESJCOLOR.

; rem 96

17 90 DATA 58586,3 : rem 90

1800 DATA 173,134,2 : rem 160

1830 REM[4 SPACES} THE LOAD/RUN

MODIFICATION. : rem 121

1840 REMf4 SPACES) IF YOU DO NO

T HAVE A DISK : rem 81

1850 REM[4 SPACES) DRIVE, DELET

E LINES :rem 134

1860 REMC4 SPACES}iai0 THROUGH

1890. :rem 15B

1880 DATA 60647,9 : rem 87

1890 DATA 76,207,34,58,42,13,8

2,213,13 :rem 84

1920 REM|4 SPACES}THIS SECTION

OF CODE WILL : rem 229

1930 REM [4 SPACES) EXCHANGE THE

£ KEY WITH : rem 86

1940 REMU SPACES ]THE CLR/HOME

KEY. (2 SPACES) IF THE

: rem 83

1950 REH(4 SPACES )REMS IN LINE

S 2060 THROUGH :rem 229

1960 REM{4 SPACES) 2280 ARE REM

OVED THEN: : rem 211

1970 REM :rem 181

1980 REM (4 SPACES) 1) (2 SPACES)

THE TWO KEY CAPS MUST

: rem 68

1990 REM{B SPACES) BE PHYSICALL

Y EXCHANGED : rem 199

2000 REH{8 SPACES }AND : rem 121

2010 REM(4 SPACES)2)[2 SPACES)

THIS PROGRAM SHOULD

:rem 3 3

2020 REMiS SPACES )ALWAYS BE RU

tj : rem 245

2030 'rEM(8 SPACES) IMMEDIATELY

(SPACE) AFTER THE :rem 48

2040 REM[8 SPACES] COMPUTER IS

[ SPACE )TURNED ON. : rem 82
2060 REM DATA 60337,1 :rem 38
2070 REM DATA 19 : rem 49
2090 REM DATA 60340,1 : rem 3 5
2100 REM DATA 92 : rem 44
2120 REM DATA 60402,1 : rem 28
2130 REM DATA 147 : rem 96
2150 REM DATA 60405,1 s rem 34
2160 REM DATA 169 : rem 103
2180 REM DATA 60467,1 : rem 45
2190 REM DATA 147 : rem 102
2210 REM DATA 60470,1 : rem 33
2220 REM DATA 168 : rem 99
2240 REM DATA 60584,1 : rem 42
2 2 50 REM DATA 255 ; rem 99
2270 REM DATA 60587,1 : rem 48
2280 REM DATA 28 :rem 52
2310 REM(4 SPACES) INPUT PROMPT
MESSAGE FIX. : rem 54
2330 DATA 58918,2 : rem 79
2340 DATA 234,234 : rem 65
2370 REm[4 SPACES]THE FOLLOWIN

G CODE {WHICH : rem 248
2380 REM(4 spaces] will NOT BE

[SPACE] EXECUTED : rem 184
2390 REM[4 spaces] BECAUSE OF T

HE REM : rem 4

2 400 REM [4 SPACES] statements)

[SPACE) WILL RELOCATE

:rem 98
2410 rem[4 spaces]the keyboard

BUFFER TO : rem 58
2420 REM(4 SPACES}THE CASSETTE
BUFFER AND : rem 118
2430 REM(4 SPACES]WILL EXPAND

[ SPACE }THE KEYBOARD

: rem 215
2440 REM J 4 SPACES ) BUFFER TO 80
CHARACTERS. : rem 129
2450 REM[4 SPACES] IF YOU WISH

( SPACE )T0 HAVE THE: rem 30
2460 REM[4 SPACES} keyboard BUF

FER MODIFIED, : rem 40
2470 REM(4 SPACES ) REMOVE THE R

EMS FROM LINES : rem 70

2480 REM(4 SPACES] 2530 THROUGH

2720, AND :rem 103

2490 REM[4 SPACES) ALSO, THE RE

MS PRECEEDING : rem 252

2500 REM{4 SPACESJTHE DATA STA

TEMENTS IN : rem 69

2510 REM{4 SPACES)LINES 2930 A

ND 2940. : rem 197

2530 REM DATA 58669,1 : rem 55
2540 REM DATA 80: REM (2 SPACES]

NEW BUFFER LENGTH: rem 181
2560 REM DATA 58871,2 : rem 54
2570 REM DATA 59,3 : rem 153

25 90 REM DATA 585 69,2 : rem 61
2600 REM DATA 60,3 : rem 139

2620 REM DATA 58575,2 : rem 52
2630 REM DATA 60,3 :rem 142

2650 REM DATA 58805,2 : rem 51
2660 REM DATA 60,3 : rem 14 5

2680 REM DATA 58813,2 : rem 53
2690 REM DATA 60,3 : rem 148

2710 REM DATA 58810,2 : rem 44
2720 REM DATA 61,3 : rem 143

2750 REH[4 SPACESJSCREEN LOCK-
UP FIX. : rem 130
2770 DATA 58769,9 : rem 98
2780 DATA 228,201,240,3,76,237

,230,96,234 : rem 233

2800 DATA 58748,21 ; rem 131

2810 DATA 32,240,233,169,39,23

2,180,217 :rem 130

2320 DATA 48,6,24,105,40,232,1

6,246,133 :rem 121

2830 DATA 213,76,36,234

: rem 112

December 19B5 COMPUTEl 107

2860 REM(4 SPACES] THE ERASE KE

Y . : rem 28

2880 DATA 60220,3 : rem 69
2890 DATA 32,194,228 : rem 228
2910 DATA 58562,16 : rem 131
2920 DATA 201,169,208,8,169,29

,157,119,2,2 3 2, 169,20,157

,119,2,96 :rem 103
2930 REM DATA 58562, 16: rem 105
2940 REM DATA 201,169,208,8,16

9,29,157,60,3,232,169,20,

157,60,3,96 :rem 229
2970 REM{4 SPACES )THE FOLLOWIN

G PATCH CAUSES : rem 124
2980 REM{4 SPACESJTHE SHIFTED

[ SPACE )£ KEY TO t rem 135
2990 REM(4 spaces} auto REPEAT.

: rem 224
3010 DATA 60157,6 : rem 67
3020 DATA 32,183,228,234,234,2

34 : rem 3 5

3040 DATA 58551,11 : rem 119
3050 DATA 201,41,240,6,201,20,

240,2,201,32,96 : rem 130
3080 REM(4 SPACESJTHE CHANGE O

F THE COLD : rem 206
3090 REM[4 spaces JSTART AND WA

RM START srem 214

3100 REM{4 SPACES) routine.

: rem 252
3120 DATA 64932,1 : rem 74
3130 DATA 229 srem 126

3160 REMC4 SPACES iTHE NEW STAR

TUP MESSAGE. : rem 223
3180 DATA 58483,56 srem 137
3190 DATA 147,13,32,32,32,32,4

2,3 2,82,69,36,73,83,69,68

,32 srem 56

3200 DATA 82,65,77,45,82,69,83

,7 3,68,69,78,84,32,75,69,

82 :reit\ 47

3210 DATA 78,65,76,32,42,13,13

,32,67,79,77,77,79,63,79,

82 :ren 36

3220 DATA 69,32,54,52,32,32,0,

0 : rem 227

3250 REM[4 SPACES] this CHANGE

{ SPACE JALLOHS THE : rem 63
3260 REM[4 SPACES )SHIFT KEY TO
INHIBIT I rem 192

3270 REM{4 SPACES ) SCROLL I NG .

:rem 139
3290 DATA 59723,11 : rem 128
3300 DATA 173,141,2,201,1,240,

240,160 :trem 254

3310 DATA 0,132,198 : rem 161
3330 DATA 59710,4 : rem 73
3340 DATA 141,2,201,1 : rem 244
3354 REM[4 SPACES ] FIX ASCII NU

LL STRING :rem 21

3356 DATA 46991,1 j rem 85

3357 DATA 5 : rem 33
3370 REME4 SPACESJTHE END OF U

ATA MARKER : rem 213

3390 DATA 99999 : rem 6

342 0 REM (4 SPACES ]THE FOLLOV;iN
G CODE READS : rem 201

3430 REM (4 SPACES ]THE DATA STA
TEMENTS AND srem 132

3440 REMl4 SPACES] POKES THE DA
TA INTO THE srem 71

3450 REM{4 SPACESJKERNAL RAM.

srem 123

3470 READ A0:IF A0=»99999 THEN
{SPACE] POKE 2 5 3,253: SYS 4
9194 :SYS 64738 :REM COLDST
ART. :rem 50

3480 READ NsFOR I=A0 TO A0+N-1
:READ A%5POKE I,A%:NEXT I
:GOTO 3470 : rem 63

Apple ProDOS
Disk Menu

K. ^ylichoel ^arker

Here's a fast method of loading and
running programs at the touch of a
key. The program requires an Apple
lie or He with the ProDOS operating
system.

How many times have you found
yourself wishing for an easier way
to load and run programs? The pro-
cess of calling up a disk catalog,
looking for the desired pathname,
then typing (or mistyping) it can be
a frustrating experience — especial-
ly if the pathname is something
cryptic like FNINPT.BA0.2. Per-
haps a better alternative is to select
the program from a menu taken
from the disk directory.

That's exactly what you can do
with "ProDOS Disk Menu." To use
it, create a startup disk by saving
both ProDOS and BASIC. SYSTEM
on a disk. Then save Disk Menu
with the filename STARTUP,

When you boot this disk, a
menu containing the first 16 pro-
grams in the directory appears on
the 40-column screen. If more than
16 programs are on the disk, press P
to view the next page. Pressing P on
the last page returns you to the first
page. (Disk Menu accepts both up-
percase and lowercase commands.)

If you don't find the program
you want, press C. A screen prompt
asks you to switch disks, then Disk
Menu reruns itself.

To select a program, press the
up/down arrow keys to position
the cursor over the desired file-

name, then press RETURN. A screen
prompt offers three choices: (R)UN,
(L)OAD, OR (U)NDO. If you made
a mistake and selected the wrong
program, press U to return to the
menu.

Loading Multiple Programs

There are three ways to exit Disk
Menu: run any program, load a
BASIC program, or press Q to quit.
Notice that loading a machine lan-
guage program does not exit Disk
Menu. Therefore, if you have a
B.ASIC program that utilizes several
ML subroutines, you could load the
ML routines into memory one after
the other, then exit DISK MENU by
running the BASIC program.

The programming techniques
used in Disk Menu are quite simple.
The program retrieves the volume
name from the disk and opens the
volume directory. It reads the direc-
tory into an array, skipping all non-
program files (except the type
mentioned below). Then, depend-
ing on the current page, the pro-
gram reads the filenames into the
page array for display and
selection.

A few parts of the program
may need some explanation. For
example, line 325 skips past the
first few records on the volume di-
rectory, which do not contain infor-
mation essential to the menu.

Disk Menu does not list any
file types other than BASIC and
binary files (.BA5 and .BIN). Al-
though data is sometimes stored in
binary files, it is usuallv considered

108 COMPUTEl December 1 985

good practice to store data and pro-
grams on separate disks.

When writing Disk Menu, I
was tempted to make it include files
contained in subdirectories, but re-
frained because in mv experience
such files are usually chained to
other programs, and would there-
fore only clutter up the menu.
However, if you use subdirectories
differently, the necessary alter-
ations should be fairly simple.

Apple ProDOS Disk Menu

For instructions on entering this listing, please
refer to "COK/PUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" publistied bimonthly in compute!.

51 10 D« = CHRS (4)

53 12 L = 1

E2 20 PiS(20) = "":A*(21J = "PRES
S <RETURN> TO ACCEPT CHOIC
E":A$(22) = '"Q'-QUIT":fi$(
23) = "'P'-PAGINftTE 'C'-G
ET NEXT CfiTALOG"

» 100 HOME

54 110 INVERSE : PRINT " D I S

K MENU": NORMAL
34 200 REM GET VOLUME LABEL
81 210 PRINT D*; "PREFIX/"
3« 220 PRINT D«; "PREFIX"
15 230 INPUT VLS
F7 240 PRINT Dt
24 250 VTAB 2: PRINT VLS: REM DI

SPLAY VOLUME NAME
EE 300 REM GET DIRECTORY
C? 310 PRINT D$; "aPEN";VL»; ",TDI

R"
5? 320 PRINT D$; "READ"; VL«
31 325 INPUT Z*: INPUT ZS: INPUT

Z$
CC 330 INPUT L4(L)
5' 335 CHS = MID* <LS(L),ia,3)
4E 340 IF LSiL) = "" THEN 360
Ffl 345 IF CHt < > "BAS" AND CHS

< > "BIN" THEN 330
Sfl 350 L ° L + 1: GOTO 330
BF 360 PRINT D$; "CLOSE"
72 370 MAX = L - 1

75 400 PAGE = 0

F4 410 BDBUB 2000: REM LOAD PAGE
INTO ARRAY

52 420 GOSUB 3000: REM PRINT ARR

AY
FF 430 GOSUB 4000: REM ACCEPT IN

PUT
?! 440 GOTO 5000: REM RUN/LOAD
B6 2000 REM INITIALIZE ARRAY
6B 2010 FOR I = 4 TO 19: AS ( H =

■"•: HTAB 5: VTAB I: PRIN

T 5PC( 16) : NEXT
27 2020 REM LOAD PAGE INTO ARR

AY
64 2030 N = PAGE t 16: PAGE = PAG

E + 1
2( 2040 IF (MAX - N) > = 16 THEN
LIM = 16: IF (MAX - N)

= 16 THEN PAGE = 0
*D 2043 IF (MAX - N) < 16 THEN L

IM = MAX - N:PAGE = 0
A5 2047 A = 4
Al 2050 FOR I = (N + 1) TO (N +

LIM)
DB 2060 AS (A) = L4CI)
4B 2070 A = A + 1: NEXT
F: 20B0 RETURN
41! 3000 REM PRINT ARRAY
it 3020 FDR I = 4 TO 19

76 3030 HTAB 5: VTAB I

11 3040 PRINT MIDS (AS<I),2,16)

J7 3050 NEXT

C! 3060 FOR I = 21 TO 23: VTAB I

: PRINT AS(I) : NEXT
41 3062 CR = 4: INVERSE : VTAB C

R: HTAB 5: PRINT MIDS (A

«(CR),2,16): NORMAL
61 3065 VTAB CR: HTAB 4
EF 3070 RETURN
a 4000 REM ACCEPT INPUT
53 4010 GET CS
3C 4020 IF C» < > CHRS (10) AND

CS < > CHRS (11) AND C«

< > CHRS (13) AND CS < >
"Q" AND C* < > "C" AND

CS < > "q" AND CS < > "c
" AND CS < > "P" AND CS

< > "p" THEN 4010

as 4030 IF CS < > CHRS (10) AND

CS < > CHR* (11) THEN 45

00
n 4040 REM MOVE CHOICE
50 4050 VTAB CR: HTAB 5: NORMAL

: PRINT MIDS (A«(CR),2,1

6)
EF 4060 ON A5C (CS) - 9 GOSUB 41

00,4200
BF 4070 INVERSE : VTAB CR: HTAB

5: PRINT MIDS :AS(CR),2,

16): NORMAL
fi7 4075 VTAB CR: HTAB 4
74 4080 GOTO 4010
Di 4100 REM DOWN

Bfl 4110 IF CR = 19 THEN CR = 3
13 4120 IF CR < > 19 THEN CR = C

R + 1
n 4130 RETURN
77 4200 REM UP

60 4210 IF CR = 4 THEN CR = 20
CD 4220 IF CR < > 4 THEN CR = CR

- 1
E4 4230 RETURN

B2 4500 IF CS = "Q" OR CS = "q"

THEN HOME : END
2E 4510 IF CS = "P" OB CS - "p"

THEN PGP : GOTO 410
BD 4520 IF CS = CHRS (13) THEN R

ETURN : REM LOAD/RUN SU

BROTINE
n 4530 REM Ct MUST BE C OR c SO

CONTINUE
EC 4540 HOME : INPUT "INSERT NEW
DISK THEN PRESS <RETURN

>"; ANSS
7F 4550 POP : GOTO 10
21 S000 REM RUN/LOAD
» 5002 FILES = MIDS (AS<CR),2, 1

6): TYPES = MIDS (AS(CR),

IB, 3)
E« 5010 HTAB 5: VTAB 3
62 5020 PRINT " f R) UN, (L) OAD, OR

(U)NDO"! HTAB 28: VTAB 3
51 5030 BET ES

55 5040 IF ES < > "R" AND ES < >
"L" AND ES < > "1" AND

ES < > "r" ANTJ ES < > "U

" AND ES < > "u" THEN 50

30
Dft 5045 HTAB 5: VTAB 3: PRINT "

51 5047 IF ES = "U" OR ES = "u"

THEN PAGE = 0: GOTO 410
7F 5050 IF ES = "L" OR ES = "1"

THEN 5100
?E 5060 HOME : PRINT DS;"-";FILE

S
17 5070 NEW
E( 5100 IF TYPES - "BAS" THEN HO

ME : PRINT DS j "LOAD" j FIL

ES
44 5110 IF TYPES = "BIN" THEN PR

INT D»;"BLOAD"jFILE$
D9 5120 GOTO 420 ©

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Atari
Fine Scrolling

Karl E. Wiegers

Unlock the secrets of fine-scrolling
screen displays with this step-bif-step
tutorial, complete with example pro-
grams. Recommended for intermedi-
ate BASIC and machine language
programmers. The techniques work
on all Atari 400/800, XL, and XE
computers.

An especially powerful graphics
feature of Atari computers is their
ability to scroll all or part of a screen
display. Both text and graphics
screens can be scrolled horizontal-
ly, vertically, or diagonally by vari-
ous increments. Scrolling is seen in
such diverse applications as racing
games, in which the moving road-
way lends apparent motion to the
stationary cars, and in strategic war
games, in which players can manip-
ulate the screen as a "window"
over a much larger map.

There are two general types of
scrolling: coarse scrolling and fine
scrolling. Coarse scrolling moves
the screen in increments of eight
pixels (the size of one character);
fine scrolling moves the screen in
increments of one pixel and is much
more realistic. Earlier articles have
addressed the rudiments of coarse
scrolling (see "Fun with Scrolling"
by David Plotkin in COMPUTEl's
Second Book of Atari). As we'll see in
a moment, fine scrolling is actually
a combination of coarse and fine
scrolling. Since these techniques re-
quire machine language to work
properly, we'll present a vertical
blank interrupt routine you can add

to your BASIC programs to obtain
the smooth, continuous scrolling
effect seen in many Atari games.

Coarse Scrolling

Let's review some details about
how Atari computers display infor-
mation on the video screen. A spe-
cial microprocessor chip called
ANTIC governs the display pro-
cess. ANTIC gets its instructions
from a short program in memory
called the display list. The display
list tells ANTIC what kind of
graphics mode to use for each dis-
play line, how many lines to show,
where in RAM to find the data to be
dispUyed, and other information.
The -jtarhng RAM location of the
display list can be found using this
formula:
DL = FEEK(560) + 256*FEEK(561)

Ordinarily, the block of RAM
containing screen display data is
defined when -a GRAPHICS state-
ment is executed in BASIC. The first
byte of screen memory — which is
displayed in the upper-left corner
of the screen — is identified by the
fifth and sixth bytes in the display
list in the usual low-byte, high-byte
format:

MEMST = PEEK(DL-)-4)-t- 256* PEEK
(DL + 5)

An elegant feature of the Atari
operating system is that the section
of RAM to be displayed on the
screen can be altered simply by
changing the values in DL-i-4 and
DL-l-5, the pointers to screen RAM.
For example, consider a graphics
mode 2 display, with 20 characters

or bytes of RAM per line. If we add
20 to the screen RAM pointers, the
twenty-first byte of the original
block of screen RAM would appear
in the upper-left corner of the
screen. This causes every part of the
display to jump up by one mode
line: a vertical coarse scroll. Con-
versely, subtracting 20 from the
screen RAM pointers scrolls the dis-
play downward by one mode line
in graphics mode 2.

Program 1 is a simple vertical
coarse-scrolling routine written in
BASIC for graphics mode 0. (Type
this listing with the line numbers
shown; we'll be adding to it later.)
In line 150, the starting byte of
screen RAM is incremented by 40
to generate each step of the scroll.
Then the starting location is fac-
tored into its corresponding high-
and low-byte values (lines 160 —
170), which are inserted into the
display list (lines 180—190).
Coarse scrolling can only change
the position of display information
in relatively large jumps, equal to
the height of a character in what-
ever graphics mode is being used. It
yields a jerky, rough appearance
when scrolling a screenful of data.

These same principles apply to
the concept of horizontal scrolling.
However, horizontal scrolling is a
bit more complex because it in-
volves fooling the computer into
thinking that each mode line is wider
than the usual screen display. To
make things easier, we'll stick to
vertical scrolling.

Mixed Scrolling

The secret to fine scrolling, as men-
tioned above, is to mix coarse and
fine scrolling. Atari computers were
designed to allow vertical fine
scrolling in increments of one video
scan line (there are 192 in a normal
full-screen display). In graphics
mode 0, which has eight scan lines
per mode line, the fine scrolling
capability thus permits seven incre-
ments of vertical movement be-
tween mode lines. To scroll a
display by more than just one mode
line, your program must execute
seven fine scrolls, then one coarse
scroll. The final coarse scroll, in ef-
fect, appears onscreen as the eighth
fine scroll.

All of this requires two basic
steps. First, the program must in-

110 COMPUTII Decermber 1965

form ANTIC which mode lines in
the display are enabled for fine
scrolling. Second, the progrant must
store into an appropriate hardware
register an integer representing the
number of scan lines to scroll.

The first step, enabling the de-
sired mode lines for scrolling, takes
us back to the display list. We've
already seen how to find the dis-
play list in RAM and how to alter
the bytes pointing to the start of
screen memory. Most of the other
instructions in the display list iden-
tify the kind of graphics mode line
to display, (For a more detailed dis-
cussion of display lists, see Craig
Chamberlain's article "How to De-
sign Custom Graphics Modes" in
COMPUTEI's First Book of Atari
Graphics.) To enable a mode line for
vertical fine scrolling, you must set
bit 5 of its display list instruction.
This is equivalent to adding 32 to
the contents of the byte, and it must
be done for each mode line you
want to scroll. If you like, you can
define several blocks of scrollable
lines. Mode lines which don't have
bit 5 set can be coarse-scrolled, but
not fine-scrolled.

The second step, telling AN-
TIC how many scan lines to scroll,
requires a simple POKE into a regis-
ter caUed VSCROL at location 54277
(hex $D405). VSCROL affects all
lines which have been enabled for
vertical fine scrolling. For instance,
the statement POKE 54277,4 shifts
the display in each enabled mode
line upward by four scan lines. No-
tice that you can POKE only posi-
tive integers into VSCROL (or into
any other byte, for that matter). In
effect, this means you can scroll the
display upward but not downward.
To simulate downward scrolling,
you must start with the display
scrolled fully upward (store a 7 in
VSCROL for graphics modes 0 or 1,
or 15 for mode 2, and so on), then
POKE a smaller number into
VSCROL to move the contents of
each mode line downward by one
or more scan lines.

Here, then, is the procedure for
a complete mixed-scrolling routine:

1. Fine scroll a number of scan
lines which is one less than the
pixel height of the graphics mode.

2. Reset VSCROL to the start-
ing value (0 if scrolling up, the max-

imum value if scrolling down).

3. Coarse scroll by one mode
line.

4. Repeat the procedure.

A Fine Example

To add vertical fine scrolling to our
previous example of coarse scroll-
ing, merge the lines in Program 2
with those in Program 1. After run-
ning the program, you must press
SYSTEM RESET to restore the orig-
inal display list.

Notice that the bottom of the
screen moves up slightly after run-
ning this program. Because of the
way that ANTIC works, a block of
mode lines enabled for fine scroll-
ing results in a loss of one mode line
of display area. This shortens the
screen display.

To make this program scroll
downward rather than upward,
change the following lines:

80 POSITION 2,5
110 FOR S = 7 TO 0 STEP -1
ISO MEMST = MEMST-40
200 POKE 54277,7

As the display scrolls down-
ward, you'll see the display list it-
self come into view, since it's
normally found immediately before
the start of screen memory. The
display list appears mostly as a
string of uppercase Bs, That's be-
cause the internal character code
for an uppercase B is 34, the same
as the display list instruction for a
graphics 0 line enabled for vertical
fine scrolling. You'll also see the
fifth (and occasionally sixth) char-
acter in the display list change with
each coarse scroll. These are the
pointers to screen memory we dis-
cussed earlier.

To see a scrolling demo in
graphics mode 1 instead of graphics
0, press SYSTEM RESET, type
NEW, reload Program 1, and once
again add the lines in Program 2.
Then substitute these lines:

10 GRAPHICS H-16

60POKEDL + 6 + X,38

90 PRINT #6;"MODE ONE DEMO"

150 MEMST = MEMST + 20

220 GOTO 220

Now to convert it for graphics
mode 2, press RESET and make
these changes:

10 GRAPHICS 2-1-16

50 FOR X = 0TO9

60 POKE DL + 6 + X,39

80 POSITION 2,11

90 PRINT #6;"MODE TWO DEMO"

100 FOR D = l T0 9
110 FOR S = 0TO15

Scrolting Behind The
Scenes

As you run these demos, you'll no-
tice that they still suffer from some
unsightly flickers and jumps, even
though they're clearly a big im-
provement over simple coarse
scrolling. The problem is that
BASIC can't POKE the display list
and scroll registers fast enough to
synchronize with the TV or moni-
tor's electron beam which is dis-
playing the video image. To
achieve smooth, flicker-free scroll-
ing, your program must change all
the registers during the split-second
when the beam is displaying noth-
ing on the screen. This vertical
blank interval happens 60 times a
second when the beam returns
from the bottom to the top of the
screen to sweep another video
"frame." Since BASIC isn't nearly
fast enough for this job, a machine
language routine is required.

Program 3 is a BASIC loader
which incorporates such a routine.
(Program 4 is the source code for
machine language programmers;
don't type it in unless you have an
assembler.) Be sure to save a copy
of Program 3 before running it for
the first time. When you type RUN,
it stores the machine language rou-
tine in memory page 6 (starting at
location 1536, hex $600), then sets
up a vertical blank interrupt (VBI), a
mechanism which calls the routine
during each vertical blank interval.
The program also modifies the dis-
play list as described above and
initializes a few memory locations
(203-206) for the VBI routine.

After the screen clears, you'll
see it fill with a mass of apparently
random letters, numbers, and
graphics symbols. That's because
the program has scrolled the dis-
play past the end of usable RAM
and into the BASIC cartridge itself.
The scrolling continues until you
press SYSTEM RESET.

An apparent limitation of a VBI
scrolling routine is that it can't
scroll the display faster than 60
times a second, because it's called
only 60 times a second. If you want
to scroll faster, you can scroll more
than one scan line at a time — al-
though it won't appear as smooth.

December 1965 COMPUTE) 111

There's also a way to scroll

more slowly. This routine uses a
counter at location 203 to control
the scroll rate. It checks to see how
many vertical blank intervals have
passed since the last fine scroll,
then compares the result against a
preset limit to see if it's time for
another fine scroll. To make the
routine wait for more than one ver-
tical blank interval between fine
scrolls, change the 1 in line 60 of
Program 3 to a higher number.

The comments in Program 4
tell machine language program-
mers how to modify this VBl rou-
tine to work in other graphics
modes.

Program 5 is a BASIC loader
for a downward-scrolling VBI rou-
tine. It's not a stand-alone pro-
gram— it must be combined with
certain lines in Program 3 as de-
scribed in the REM statements.
(Program 6 is the source code for
Program 5 so machine language
programmers can study the tech-
nique. Again, don't type in Pro-
gram 6 unless you have an
assembler.)

So far we've seen simple demos
of the Atari's scrolling capabilities,
Now let's use them for something
fun.

Empire State Building

Scrolling is most often used in pro-
grams that have a larger display
than can be shown on a single
screen. By scrolling across parts of
the display data, you can use the
screen as a window onto other sec-
tions of RAM. Consider, for ex-
ample, that a graphics mode 2
screen has 12 lines of 20 bytes each,
or only 240 bytes of information.
That leaves enough memory in the
computer to create a display con-
taining thousands of bytes of
data — maybe a dozen or more
screens. This is the technique seen
in such classic Atari games as Cav-
erns of Mars and Eastern Front 1941.
Let's try a simple example.
Program 7 shows the Empire State
Building as it might appear to a
parachutist leaping out of a helicop-
ter over Manhattan. The building is
composed of redefined graphics
mode 2 characters. It took 1200
bytes of RAM to store the building
and background, which are conve-
niently located in a character string

called ESB$, The beauty of this ap-
proach to allocating memory is that
your program can easily find the
first byte of ESB$ with BASIC'S
string ADR function. Then it can
use this address as the upper-left
corner of the screen by modifying
the screen display pointers in the
mode 2 display list. The 1200 bytes
of ESB$ amount to five screens of
graphics mode 2 data.

The VBl routine used in the
Empire State Building example is
slightly different from that in Pro-
gram 4. First, it had to be modified
for graphics mode 2. Second, it has
a counter which is incremented
after each coarse scroll. When the
counter reaches a preset value (cor-
responding to street level in this
case), the scrolling stops. You can
change the 48 in line 150 of Pro-
gram 7 to stop the scrolling at some
other point. Press SYSTEM RESET
each time before running this pro-
gram to keep the redefined charac-
ters from getting messed up.

Just The Beginning

These examples illustrate the pow-
er of the graphics scrolling ability of
Atari computers, but they're just a
start. We don't have room in this
article to cover extensions of these
techniques, such as horizontal fine
scrolling; diagonal scrolling; joy-
stick-controlled scrolling; and al-
tered perspective scrolling, in
which cleverly designed character
sets are combined with scrolling
routines to create effecdve three-
dimensional effects. With the ideas
presented here, you can probe
some of these techniques on your
own.

For instructions on entering these listings,
please refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide 1o Typing
In Progranns" publistied bimonthly in COMPUTE!.

Program 1 : Coarse Scrolling
Demo

DC 10 SRAPHI
PH 20 DL = PEE

561) : R

lay 1 i
PN30 MEMST =

E E K ( D L
scree
i:3B£l POSIT I
ID 90 PRINT

OF COA
NP 100 FOR D

P ^°
5 1 in
L9 130 FDR D
T DLA

C5
K (
EM
St
RE
+ 5
n

ON
"T
RS
1
sc
es
LA
Y

5t0} +256tPEEK (
Star t af d i sp

EK (DL + 4) ^-256*P
) : REM Start of
meiTiDry

2,15
HIS IS A DEMO
e 5CRDLLINE"

TO 15:REM Lao
r Ql 1 t hrougti 1

¥=1 TO 100:NEX
REM Del ay 1 oap

GO 1S0 MEMST=>f1Ef1BT + 40
Kl 160 HI = INT (MEMST/256) : REM
New high byte -for sc

reen memory in displa

y list
nj 170 LD = MEMST-HI«256: REM N

ew law byte
HD 190 POKE DL + 4, LP
H5 190 POKE DL + 5, HI
B3 210 NEXT D

Program 2: Fine Scrolling
Demo

(Merge these lines with Program 1.)

1:40 REM Enable vertical fi
ne scroll on all mode
lines except first and

1 ast
FOR X=0 TD 21
POKE DL+6+X,34
NEXT X

PRINT "THIS IS A DEMO
OF FINE SCRDLLINB"
FDR S=0 TO 7:REM Fine

scroll 7 times
POKE 54277, S
FOR DLAY=1 TD 20:NEXT
DLAY
CH 140 NEXT B

BH 200 POKE 54277,0: REM Rese
t vertical fine scrol
1 r eg i s t er

BH 5 0
JB 6 0
PO 70
NI 90

JL 110

ir. 120

Ll 130

Program 3: VBl Routine
BASIC Loader

10 G
20 R

r
30 R

1

r
40 F

0
50 D

1
60 D

70 D

B0 D

1

90 D

100

1 10

120

130
140

150
160

170

180

190
200
210
220

Lf; 230

RAPH

EM R

out i

EM 1

i ne

ol 1

DR X

KE 1

ATA

69, 7

ATA

203,

ATA

169,

ATA

69, 0

ATA

4, 11

DATA

205,

REM

St i

scro

s

DL = P

(561

POKE

FOR

+ 6 + X

P05I

PRIN

TH V

PRIN

T "

REM

les

POKE

POKE

POKE

REM

ne;

T ta

A = U5

ICS
ead
ne

nqre
60 t
rate
= 1 T
535 +
104,
,76,
230,
20B,
165,
0,13
7, 19
, 141
204,
3, 20
7,2
145,
Modi
or V
1 1 i n

data for VBI

ase the

0 si <3M

Q 63:RE
X , A: NEX
160, 10,
92, 228
203, 169
42, 230,
204, 141
3, 2 03, 1

7. 204. 1
,5,212,
169,40,

5. 145. 2
00, 169,
205, 76,
f y d i sp
er t i c al
g on a 1

1 i n
the sc

AD A: P
T X
162,6,

, 1, 197
204

,5,212
69

76,25,
133

160, 4,
05, 144
0, 113,
9B, 22B
lay 1 i

fine
1 line

EEK 1560 J +256IPEEK
)

DL+3, 9a
X=0 TO 2 1: POKE DL
,34:NEXT X
TIDN 2,20
T "FINE SCROLL WI
ERTICAL"
T "BLANK INTERRUP

Initialize variab
f or VBI rout i ne
203, 0: POKE 204, 0
205, PEEK (560)
206, PEEK (561)
Turn an VBI routi
press SYSTEM RESE

make it stop
R ( 1536)

112 COMPUTE! December 1985

Program 4: VBI Routine
Source Code

(An assembler is required to enter
this listing.)

10 ; VBI rout i ne

20 ;fDr combined fine and

codrse scrolling
30 ;in graphics node 0.
40 ;

50 jChange the 1 in line
1B0 to scroll slower.
60 ;Change the 7 in line
2i0 to the number of s
can 1 i nes
70 jper mode line minus 1

for other graphics mo
des.
80 {Change the 40 in line

320 to the number of
90 ;bytes per mode line f
or other graphics mode
s
0100 ;
0110 (=£0600 ;Load

into page 6.
0120 PLft jRemov

e argument count.
0130 LDY #10 ;These

4 statements set up
0140 LOX #6 ;a def

erred vertical blank
0150 LDfl #7 sinter

rupt - use LDfl %b for
0160 JMP SE45C ;an in

medi ate VBI.
0170 INC «CB ;«CB i

s counter for number

of
01B0 LDfl #1 ;VB cy

cles before next scro

1 1 .
0190 CMP «CB ; I f no

t up to desired inter

val
0200 BNE EXIT ;then

exit VBI
0210 INC *CC ;$CC i

a counter far number
0220 LDfl »CC ;of fi

ne scr ol Is.
0230 STfl «D405 ; Store
in vertical fine scr

oil reg i ster .
0240 LDA #0 ;re5et

VB counter
0250 STA «CB
0260 LDA #7 ;Have

Me done 7 fine

0270 CMP sec ;scrol

Is yet?
0280 BCS EXIT ;Na, e

X it VBI .
0290 LDfl #0 jYes,

0300 ST(=i «D405 jreset
vertical scroll regi

st er ,
0310 STA «CC ;reset

scroll counter,
0320 LDfl #40 jand c

oar se scroll by
0330 LDY #4 jaddin

g 40 to low byte
0340 CLC ;of sc

reen memory pointer.
0350 ADC («CD) , Y
0360 STA <*CD) , Y
0370 BCC EXIT ;Ifca

rry not set then exit
VBI ,
0380 INV ;else

increment high byte

03?0 LDfl #0 ;of sc

reen memory pointer.
0400 ADC («CD> , Y
0410 STA (»CD) , Y
0420 EXIT JMP 4E462

Program 5: Downward VBI
BASIC Loader

(Combine with Program 3.)

REM This loads a VBI r

ou L i ne

REM for downward fine

scr ol ling

REM into page 6 (1536,

«600) .
REM Call it with fl=USR
t 1536) .

REM Initialize locatio
ns 203-205 as in Progr
am 3 before running,
REM but execute POKE 2
04,7 instead.
REM Don't forget to mo
dify display list for
REM fine scrolling bef
ore using this routine

FDR X=l TO 65:REftD A:P
DKE 1535+X, Aj NEXT X
DATA 104,160,10,162,6,
169, 7, 76, 92, 228, 23 0, 20
3, 169, 1 , 197,203,20B
0 DATfl 44,165,204,201,2

55, 240, 8, 141 ,5,212,19

8, 204, 76, 58, 6, 169,7, 1

33
0 DATA 204,141,5,212,16

0, 4, 56, 177, 205, 2 33, 4 0

,145, 205, 176, B, 200, 17

7
0 DATA 205,56,233,1,145

, 205, 169,0, 133,203,76

,98,228

DI 10

ec 2 0

fll 30

CH 35

NF 40

«F 50

PE60

OP 7 0

LC80

LF 90

EE 10

K 1 1

CP 12

Program 6: Downward VBI
Source Code

(An assembler is required to enter
this listing.)

J0 iVBI routine

2* ifqr downward fine scr

ol i ing.
30 I
40 «=«0600 ! Loa

d into page sin
50 PUA ! F?em

ove (urgument count
60 LDY #10 I Set

UJJ deferred VBI
70 LDX #6
80 LDfl #7
90 JMP »E45C
0100 INC »CP I Inc

rement VB counter
0110 LDA #1 |Cha

nge the 1 to scroll s

1 ower
0120 CMP •CB iTim

• to fine Bcroll yet?
0130 BNE EXIT (No,

exit VBI
0140 LDA «CC iVes

, see if time for coa

rme •crol 1
0150 CMP #255
0160 BEQ COARSE j Yes

, go to coarse scroll
routi ne
0170 STA «D405 ; No ,
then fine scr ol 1

01B0 DEC «CC {Dec

rement fine scroll co

unter
0190 JMP INCREMENT j Ex i

t via VB counter
0200 CDAR5E LDA #7 ; Coa

rse scroll routine
0210 STA *CC ;Res

et fine scroll counte

r
0220 STA SD405 ;Res

et fine scroll regist

er
0230 LDY #4 jGet

low byte of screen m

emory pointer
0240 SEC
0250 LDA («CD> , Y
0260 SBC #40

tract 40 from it
0270 STA (»CD) , y
0280 BCS INCREMENT

t via VB counter

ss
0290 INY

need to get the high
byte
0300 LDA (»CD> , Y
0310 SEC
0320 SBC #1 ;and

subtract 1 from it
0330 STA (*CD) , Y

0340 INCREMENT LDA #0 ; Re

set VB counter
0350 STA »CB
0360 EXIT JMP «E462 ;Exi

t from VBI

Program 7: Empire State
Building Demo

; Sub

;Exi

un 1 e

; you

U 30

LD 40

J6 50

HA 60

m 70

LD80

FF 90

K 100

PJ 1 10

NA 120

FP 130

NH 140

KI 1S0

NE 160

CH 170

m 180

REM R
rede
in QR
POKE
HBASE
GRAPH
: REM
splay
SETCO
een f

9

SETCO
e for
SETCO

low f
REM E
pi ay
ter f

DWS

DIM
A*"
1 -A»
ESB*

SB*

REM

POR

POKE

DATA

, 169

207,

, 203

DATfl

30, 2

212,

DATA

7, 16

,204

60,4

DATA

144,

0S, 1

e serve memory for
fined characters
. 2

106, PEEK ( 106! -2: C
=2S6»PEEK (106)
ICS ia:POKE 559,0
Turn off video di

LOR 0, 12,8: REM Br
or top of buildin

LOR 1,B,6:REM Blu

sky
LOR 3,1,8: REM Yel
or wi ndows
SB* is screen dis
RAM, A* is charac
or wall with wind

A* (16) ,ESB« (1200)
"" : A* ( 16) =A*: ft* (2

SB* ( 1200) =E

) -ESB*
ut i ne

71: READ fl:
X , A: NEXT X
60, 10, 162, 6
92, 228, 165,

, 240, 52, 230

""A": E
ESB* (2
VBI ro
X = l TO

1535 +

104,1
,7,76,
201, 4B
, 169,2

197,2

:04, 165

169, 0,

15, 19
9,0, 14
, 230, 2
,24

113,2
7, 200,
45,205

03, 208, 44, 2
, 204, 141,5,
133,203, 169
7, 204, 176, 2
1 , 5,212, 133
07, 169, 20, 1

05, 145, 205,
169,0,113,2
, 76, 98, 228

December 1985 COMPUTEl 113

EH 190

AB 200

U 210

OC 220
HH 230

CB240
M. 250
1X260
LP 270
FH 2B0
OS 290

HO 300

PC 310
IS 320

REM

ct»r

POKE

REM

arac

FOR

SET:

FOR

QKE

, A:N

DATA

3,25

DATA

2,25

DATA

,63,

DATA

,6B,

DATA

55, 2

REM

t> B

fin

FOR

20
ESB«

X
FOR

20

Tu
s
7

R

t

X

RE

J

CH

EX

1
5,

2
2,

3
63

4
0

3
55
Cr
ui
d
X-

rn
■ t
56,

»a

r»
1 T
M A

0 T
BAS
T J
.25
255
,25
252
,63
, 63
,0,

un new chara

CHBASE/256

redefined ch

0 5: READ OFF

,B,C,D

0 7:READ A:P

E+B»DFFSET+J

:NEXT X

5,253,255,25

,255,255

2, 252,252,25

, 252,252

, 63, 63,63,63

6S, 6B, 0, 0, 66

5, 255,255,255,2

, 255, 255,255

eate Empire Sta

Iding with rede

characters

230 TO 270 STEP

(X, X+1>»"BC" jNEXT
X-290 TO 330 STEP

LF 330 ESB»(X, X + 1)-"»«":NEXT

X
JD 340 FOR X-349 TD 429 STEP

20
IJ 350 ESB« <X, X + 3) -A* ( 13) : NE

XT X
J1360 FDR X-44a TO 5SB STEP

20
EL 37 0 ESB» (X, X + S> "A« ( 11 ) s NE

XT X
JL 3B0 FOR X-606 TO 9B6 STEP

20
C6 390 ESe« (X , X+9) =A« (7) :NEX

T X
OC 400 FOR X-1003 TD 1103 ST

EP 20
nE410 ESBS (X, X + 15)oA«:NEXT

X
OF 420 REM These are suppose

d to be doors
UK 430 ESB»(1 166, 1 166) = "[r":E

SB* ( 1 170, 1 170) -"[I":ES

B% ( 1 174, 1 174) ""rr"
NK 440 REM Set up BR. 2+16 d

Isplay list -for verti

cal fine scrolling
HL 450 DL = PEEK(S60) +25fi«PEEK

[561 )

m 460

POKE DL+3, 103

P6 470

FDR X=DL+6 TD DL+15:P

QKE X,39:NEXT X

LH 480

REM Start display RAM

at beginning of EBB*

JJ 490

HI=lNT(ADRCESB*)/256)

BI 500

LO=ADR(ESB«) -256 «H I

JE5 10

POKE DL*4,LD:PDKE DI.+

5, HI

GO 520

REM Initialize variab

les for VBI

Ht 530

POKE 203,0: POKE 204,0

: POKE 207,0

]n 540

POKE 205, PEEK(560)

JP 550

POKE 206, PEEK<561 )

tt 560

F?EM Turn video displa

y back on

HB570

POKE 559,34

JI5S0

REM Start VBI going;

it Mill stop automati

cally

D6 590

fl=USR( 1536)

61 600

REM Thia is needed to

keep BR. 2 display o

n the screen

£li 610

GOTO 610 @

Commodore
Program Chaining

Orlando Lee Stevenson

Take advantage of Commodore's
automatic chaining feature to link
two or more BASIC programs together.
The method illustrated here applies to
all Commodore computers.

Program chaining is a method of
linking separate programs together,
making them run, in effect, as one
large program. Why would you
need to chain? Some BASIC pro-
grams simply grow too large to fit
into memory: Chaining lets you
break them into two or more pro-
gram modules that work together
as one. This method also lets you
interconnect an entire group of pro-
grams, moving from one to another
whenever you like.

LOAD In Program Mode

Let's say you have two programs
you want to chain together. The
solution can be as simple as placing
LOAD "PROGRAM NAME", 8
(disk) or LOAD "PROGRAM
NAME" (tape) in place of an END
statement. In Commodore BASIC, a
LOAD command executed as part
of a program automatically loads
and runs the specified program. If
the programs are completely unre-
lated, nothing more needs to be
done.

However, if the programs are
related, you'll probably want to
pass variable values from one to the
other as well — a procedure that re-
quires some care. On all Commo-
dore computers except the 128,
variables and arrays are stored in
memory immediately following the
end of BASIC program text. Since
different programs are of different

lengths, the actual location of vari-
ables depends on the length of the
program. The computer uses two-
byte address pointers to keep track
of where everything is stored, and
updates the pointers as needed
while the program runs. When you
perform LOAD in program mode,
the computer does not reset the
pointers for variables, arrays, and
strings. Thus, after it loads a second
program, the computer still knows
how to find and use all of the first
program's variables.

The success of this procedure
depends on the relative length of
the chained programs. If the first
program is longer than the second,
all is well: When the second pro-
gram loads in, its shorter program
text doesn't extend as far as the area
where variables are stored. (Re-
member, the first program's vari-
ables are still located in the same

IM COMPUTEI December 1985

place). However, if the first pro-
gram is shorter than the second, you
have trouble. When the second pro-
gram loads, its longer text over-
writes the variables. Though the
pointers still point to the right area,
the variable data which used to be
there has been replaced with pro-
gram lines. Once that happens, the
variables are lost.

This is not a problem with
BASIC 7.0 on the Commodore 128,
because it keeps variables in a sepa-
rate 64K bank of memory. Thus,
128 programs can be chained freely
without worrying about overwrit-
ing variables, and all the following
discussion about preserving vari-
ables does not apply. However, you
should still read the section entitled
"Chain with Care," And don't for-
get that variables will be overwrit-
ten if you're running the 128 in 64
mode, just as they would be on a
64.

Changing The Signposts

The easiest solution is to make sure
the first program in a chain is longer
than all the rest. However, in many
cases the first program in a chain is
quite short. It may be a menu pro-
gram— one that simply lets you
choose among several programs to
load and run.

Fortunately, there's an answer.
By resetting the first program's
pointers, you can make it store vari-
ables in an area that won't be dis-
rupted by following programs in
the chain. Here are the steps to
follow (you can use any BASIC pro-
grams to practice this technique):

1. First, find the length of every
program in the chain. Load the
program and type the appropri-
ate line below in direct mode
(without a line number), then
press RETURN.

For the VIC, 64, 128 in 64 mode,
PIus/4, and 16:
PRINT PEEK(45)-fPEEK(46)*256

For PET/CBM (Upgrade and 4.0
BASIC):

PRINT PEEK(42)-I-PEEK(43)'256
This number is the location
where the program's text ends
and its variable storage begins.
Write down the end-of-text
number and note which pro-
gram it belongs to, then repeat
for every program in the cham.

2. Scan the list of numbers to find
the longest program: It's the one
with the highest end-of-text
number. Now reload that pro-
gram and find the contents of
the two addresses you PEEKed
above. For the VIC, 64, Plus/4,
or 16, type PRINT PEEK
(45),PEEK(46) in direct mode;
substitute the proper addresses
if you are using a PET/CBM.
Two numbers are printed. These
are the actual pointer values for
the longest program. Write them
down, labeling the first number
LO and the second HI. You now
know the lowest safe storage ad-
dress for variables in this chain.

3. Reload the first program in the
chain. Do not run it or enter any
direct mode statements that
would create variables. Enter
the following lines, replacing LO
and HI with the numbers you re-
corded in step 2. For instance, if
LO is 20 and HI is 9, you would
type the first line as POKE
45,20:POKE 46, 9 + 1, Don't for-
get to press RETURN after each
line.

For the VIC, 64, Plus/4, and 16:

POKE 45,LO:POKE 46,HI-I-1
POKE 47,LO:POKE 48,HI + 1
POKE 49,LO:POKE 50,HI + 1

For PET/CBM (Upgrade and 4.0
BASIC):

POKE 42,LO:POKE 43,HI + 1
POKE 44,LO:POKE 45,HI + 1
POKE 46,LO:POKE 47,HI-(-l

4. Finally, resave this program. Do
not delete the original version
(see explanation below). Step 3
sets the first program's end-of-
text and variable pointers to an
address 256 bytes above the end
of the longest program (the extra
bytes provide a margin for er-
ror). Though it artificially in-
creases the length of the first
program, this method lets you
run the entire package without
losing variables.

Chain With Care

This method of program chaining
has limitations. User-defined func-
tions— created with DEF FN() —
cannot be passed at all, since their
definitions are stored in program
text, not as variables. Such func-
tions must be redefined in every
program that uses them.

Strings may cause problems as
well. In the VIC, 64, and PET/CBM
versions of BASIC dytiamic strings
(which result from a string opera-
tion such as AS = "HELLO" + B$)
are stored outside the program text,
they can be passed like other vari-
ables. The same is not true of static
strings. Like a function definition, a
static string exists only in a program
line (10 A$ = "HELLO"). If you
need to pass a static string, simply
add a null string to it (for instance,
replace 10 A$ = "HELLO" with 10
A$= "HELLO" + ""). The string
operation { + ) turns it into a dy-
namic string, storing it outside the
program. This is not a problem in
the 128, PIus/4, and 16 versions of
BASIC, where all strings are effec-
tively dynamic.

Be careful when editing
chained programs. If you lengthen
a program, it may become the long-
est one in the chain and overwrite
variables when it loads. Do not edit
and resave a program after break-
ing out with RUN/STOP (since the
pointers are set at artificially high
locations, the program's length is
abnormal). Instead, reload the pro-
gram to set the pointers correctly,
then make the changes and save it
again. Whenever you edit any of
the programs in the chain, you
should also repeat steps 1-4, using
the original version of the first pro-
gram. It's critical that you know the
true length of this program, not the
inflated length it was given in steps
3 and 4.

There are other ways to pass
variables while chaining, but
they're inevitably cumbersome.
One approach is to store variable
data in a separate memory area
while one program loads another.
For instance, say that A=10. Just
before the first program loads the
second, it POKEs the value of A
into a safe memory location (say,
49152 for the Commodore 64). The
first thing the second program does
is retrieve A's value with a state-
ment like A = PEEK(49152). Since a
single memory location can hold
only a number from 0-255, it re-
quires multiple POKEs and PEEKs
to pass larger numeric values. Pass-
ing arrays, strings, or more complex
numbers (negative values, for in-
stance) takes even more work and
ingenuity. @

December 1965 COMPUTEI 115

Commodore
Dynamic Keyboard

Part 3

Jim Butterfield. Associate Editor

Parts 1 and 2 of this series shoived
how the dynamic keyboard tech-
nique— which alloios the computer to
seeminghf type on its own keyboard —
lets you do things that would other-
wise be difficult or impossible from
within a progrmn. Now loe'U look at
the trickiest application of this tech-
nique— 'writing a program that changes
itself as it runs.

Let's quickl)' review how the dy-
namic keyboard technique works.
First, the program prints the desired
command at a specific screen loca-
tion. Then a RETURN character is
placed in the keyboard buffer. Fi-
nally, the program stops with the
cursor flashing over the screen
command. The RETURN in the
keyboard buffer causes the operat-
ing system to read the command on
the screen and carry it out, just as if
you pressed the RETURN key.
Using the same principle, we can
put several commands on the
screen and make the program exe-
cute them all.

The following table shows the
location of the keyboard buffer
counter and the start of the key-
board buffer on most Commodore
computers:

Counter Buffer

VlC-20, Commodore 64

198

631

Commodore 16, Plus/4

239

1319

PET/CBM (Upgrade

and 4,0 BASIC)

158

623

Original ROM PETs

525

527

B128 (Model 700)

209

929

For a single-line command,
POKE a value of 1 into the counter
and a value of 13 (RETURN) into
the buffer. To execute more than
one screen line of commands, use a
higher count and more RETURN
characters. On the B128 computer,
it's wise to execute a BANK 15 com-
mand before the POKEs,

Self-Editing Programs

The usual way to change a program
is to type in a new line and press
RETURN. The line is either added
to the program or it replaces an
existing line with the same line
number. A program can do this,
too, using the dynamic keyboard
technique. But there's a hitch.
Whenever you enter a program
line, the computer performs a CLR
command, which closes all open
files and dears the contents of all
variables and arrays. This can be
annoying, since it's hard for a pro-
gram to continue running after its
variables are gone. But with some
careful programming, you can still
make things work.

The solution is to identify your
key variables, make the program
change itself, then reinstate the
variables with the dynamic key-
board technique. In effect, the vari-
ables are temporarily stored on the
screen and put back in the program
by the equivalent of a direct com-
mand. Tricky? Crude? Whatever
your opinion of this method, the
point is that it works. There are

other ways to do the job, but you
usually want to get it done in the
most direct way possible.

You might be wondering why
you'd ever need to design a pro-
gram that modifies itself, anyway.
Here's an example. Suppose you
have something in a special part of
memory — a machine language pro-
gram, a screen picture, or a data
table. Whatever it is, you want to
take the information and build it
into a series of DATA statements so
it can be reconstituted by a BASIC
program when needed. Perhaps
you'd like to publish a small ma-
chine language program in a news-
letter or magazine, and want
readers to be able to type it in as
DATA statements rather than the
more complex hexadecimal code.
How to do it?

First, let's write some data into
memory so that you'll have some-
thing to convert to DATA state-
ments. Here's a quick program to
put a series of prime numbers into
memory locations 828 to 881:

100 POKE S28, 2 srem 192

110 POKE 829, 3 irem 195

120 H=3 :rem 81

130 FOR A=830 TO 881 : rem 216
140 N=N+2 :rem 203

150 FOR M=3 TO SQR(N)+.l STEP2

;rem 106
160 T=N/M :rem 242

170 IF T=INT(T) GOTO 140

srem 22
180 NEXT M :rem 37

190 PRINT N; ireni 176

200 POKE A,N jrem 124

210 NEXT A :rein 19

116 COMPUTEI December 1985

That's not the most efficient
prime number generator, but it
does put the numbers into memory.
The last number should be 251.
Now, suppose you want these val-
ues in DATA statements so that a
different program will be able to
POKE them back at the start of the
run.

Frenzied Activity

Type NEW to make space for the
new program. The following pro-
gram is written for the Commodore
64. If you're using another com-
puter, refer to the table above to
find the right POKE values for lines
75 and 80.

10 L=100:A=a30

15 PRIt^T CHR$(].47)

20 PRINT

25 PRINT

30 PRINT L;"DATA";

35 D5=STR$(PEEK(A) }

40 IF N>0 THEN D$= "

2)
45 PRINT DS;
50 A=A+l:!:J=N+l :IF N

82 GOTO 35
55 PRINT
60 PRINT "L=";L+10;

65 PRINT "-.GOTO i5"
70 PRINT CHR5C19)
75 POKE 1 96,1: IF A<

KE .198,2
80 POKE 631,13:POKE

85 END

:rera 206

:rem 225

:rem 239

:rem 244

: rem 1 6

: rem 50

,"+MID5(D$,

:rem 51

: rem 1 53

<10 AND A<8

:rem 54

:rem 247

":A=",-A;

:rem 193

:rem 21

:rem 176

882 THEN PC

srem 224

632,13

:reni 35
:rem 68

Be sure to type the semicolon
at the ends of lines 30, 45, and 60,
and note that some of the strings
printed in lines 60 and 65 start with
a colon character. When you RUN
the program, you'll see a frenzy of
activity on the screen for a few mo-
ments. Then the action stops with
the cursor over a line which says
L = 160:A = 882:GOTO 15. Don't
execute this line. Instead, move the
cursor down, type LIST, and press
RETURN. You'll find that the pro-
gram contains six new lines of
DATA statements.

Start the new DATA lines at
line number 100 (variable L). Since
the data maker program ends at a
lower line number, there's no dan-
ger of replacing existing lines with
new ones. Never increase the line
number directly, Instead, print a
higher value onto the screen. When
the dynamic keyboard reinstates
the variable, it's ten higher than
before. There's no need to set vari-
able N back to zero. The CLR
caused by changing the program

effectively clears all variables to
zero.

After the DATA lines have
been created — you've generated
only a few — -you might want to get
rid of the program that made them.
You could do this manually by
clearing the screen and giving the
direct command:

FOR J = 10 TO 85 STEP 5:FRINT J:
NEXT J

This prints the line numbers on
a blank screen. You could then
move the cursor back and strike
RETURN 16 times, eliminating the
lines. It would take a little ingenu-
ity, but you could even cause the
program to wipe itself out using the
dynamic keyboard. (Hint: Crunch
the program into less than ten
lines— then stuff the keyboard
buffer with the same number of
RETURN characters.)

Convert ASCII To BASIC

Occasionally, you might have a se-
quential file on disk or tape that
contains a program, You'd like to
run this program, but LOAD can't
handle a sequential file. Dynamic
keyboard lets you bring the file into
memory and convert it to a regular
program file. How could this need
arise? There are several possibili-
ties. First, the program might have
been transmitted over a communi-
cations link. It's possible to down-
load a program in a form that's
ready to run, but it's common to
transmit a program in ASCII
form — as ASCII characters only,
rather than the usual mixture of
ASCII and BASIC tokens. Now,
however, you must change the list-
ing back into a working program.

Here's another way it might
happen. You want to transfer a pro-
gram between two slightly incom-
patible computers. Perhaps you
have a PET program that you'd like
to use on a Plus/4, or vice versa.
You ma\' be surprised to find that
the SCRATCH command used in a
PET program doesn't load correctly
on a Plus/4. Knowing the technical
reason for this (the computers use
different tokens for some com-
mands) doesn't help solve the prob-
lem. Since ASCII listings contain no
tokens, you'll find that they trans-
port more easily than ordinary
programs.

Another possibility is that you
want to merge two programs into

one. The dynamic keyboard offers
one way to do this. Note that we're
breaking down the distinction be-
tween data and programs — as per-
sonified by sequential and program
files, respectively. This opens the
door to such things as program-
analyzing programs and program-
writing programs.

Change A Program To A

File

Let's start by writing a simple pro-
gram. Anything will do, but let's
use the following:

100 FOR J = l TO 10
no PRINT J,SQR(J)
120 NEXT J

Remember to type NEW before
entering this program. Now store it
as a sequential file:
OPEN 1,8,6, "0:PROGFILE,S,W":CMD
1:LIST

After you press RETURN, the
disk drive operates briefly, then the
cursor returns. Now type:
PRINT#l:CLOSE 1

It is venj important to close the file
in exactly this manner.

The program is now stored as
an ASCII listing in a sequential file
named PROGFILE. If displayed on
the screen, it would look almost like
the original program. But it consists
of nothing but ASCII characters.
Thus, the first line contains the
characters 1-0-0 (the line number),
then a space, then the letters F-O-R,
and so on. This is quite different
from the tokenized form in which
programs are usually stored.

This file has a few oddities
caused by the way in which it was
stored. Unlike most data files, it
begins with two RETURN charac-
ters. And it ends with the word
READY (after all, when you LIST a
program to the screen, it always
ends with the word READY). None
of this is critical, but if you plan to
do advanced ^vork with such a file,
keep these things in mind.

Keep The File Open

However, there's another problem
to consider. Every time you enter a
new line with the dynamic key-
board, CLR closes the file you're
using. You've learned how to re-
create variables, but how do you
reinstate the file? You can use the
following fact: The file isn't really
closed, it's just "disconnected."

December 19S6 COMPUTEl 117

CLR signals that no files are open
simply by putting the value zero in
the computer's number-of-open-files
counter. If this is the only file you're
handling, you can reconnect it by
POKEing a 1 into the counter. The
counter is found at one of the fol-
lowing locations, depending on
your machine:

File Counter

VIC-20, Commodore 64 152

Commodore 16, Plus/'l 151
PET/CBM (Upgrade

and 4.0 BASIC) 174

Original ROM PETs 610

B128 (Model 700) 864

Let's write a program to bring
in this file. You know in advance
that the line numbers start at 100,
so you can safely put the loader
program at lower numbers. If that
isn't true for other situations, vou

might try renumbering the program
with very high line numbers (above
60000, for instance).

Again, the following example
runs on the VlC-20 and Commo-
dore 64. Change the POKEs in lines
50, 65, and 70 to suit your machine.
Be sure to include the semicolon at
the end of line 40.

10 OPENl ,8,8, "PROGFILE"
15 PRINT CHR5(}47) :
20 PRINT :

25 PRINT :

30 GET#1 ,X?:X=ASG(X$) :
35 IFX>47 AND X<58 THEN

40 IF F=l THEN PRINT X? ;

45 IF xol 3 GOTO 30
50 IF ST=0 THEN PRINT
2,1: GOTO 1 5 "

55 if st<>0 then print

{space}] "
60 print chr$(19)

:rem 34
rem 225
rem 239
rem 244
rem ] 78

F=l
rem 175

:rem 26

:rem 202

'POKE 15

: r e m 5

"CLOSE
irem 241
: rem 5 75

65 POKE 198,2 :rem 154

70 POKE 631,13:POKE 632,13

: rem 84
75 END :rem 67

When you run this program, it
loads and merges the sequential
ASCII listing. Typing 14 lines in
order to add three more may seem
inefficient. But the principle works
on programs of any size.

It's been a long voyage. If
you've stayed with it, you can prob-
ably see how the dynamic key-
board technique expands what you
can do with the computer, Though
it requires care, it also creates new
possibilities. "Dynamic keyboard"
is not just a buzzword, although
you may add it proudly to your
vocabulary. It's a new resource. ©

Advanced
Commodore 128

Video

Jim Butterfield. Associate Editor

Here's how to relocate screen memory
and set up a custom cliaracter set on
the Commodore 128 — two valuable
techniques worth masteriug on any
computer. When you run the example
program, be ready for a surprise. For
intermediate and advanced BASIC
programmers.

You can do a lot of graphics on the
Commodore 128 with an elemen-
tary knowledge of the new BASIC:
circles, squares, lines, and points
appear by means of simple BASIC
commands. But advanced program-
mers may still need to get into the
mechanics of video. Here's a simple

exercise for 128-mode 40-column
screens that will give a little insight
into the "works."

The question often arises: How
can 1 implement a new character
set? Some people want to design
their own personalized codes or
graphics symbols for the screen;
others are interested in foreign lan-
guages. In 40 columns, the 8564
video chip is practically identical to
the 6567 of the Commodore 64.
With a few new rules, we can put
the chip's features to work in the
same way.

Because the Commodore 128
makes it easy, I'll be including some
hexadecimal addresses in the fol-

lowing listing. If vou'd rather use
decimal numbers, the computer
will do quick conversions for you,
and you can make the substitutions
in the program.

Changing Addresses

Let's build the program step by step
and note points of interest.

100 POKE 58,DEC("C0")
110 CLR

I'm planning to put the screen
and its new character set into mem-
ory bank 1, at addresses SCOOO to
$CBFF— character set at SCOOO,
screen at $C800, (By the way, if
you'd rather use the decimal value
192 instead of DEC("CO"), be my

lia COMPUTE! December 1985

guest. I prefer CO because it's easier
to visualize it as part of the full
address $C000. Be sure to type a
zero and not the letter O or you'll
get an error.) Bank 1 is where
BASIC puts its variables; we
wouldn't want these to get mixed
up with our screen. So we cut down
the top-of-variable-memory point-
er to $C0OO. There's really no dan-
ger of a memory conflict with this
small program, but we might as
well do it right.

The CLR command makes sure
the other variable pointers don't get
mixed up by this change.

120 TRAP 500

This command may be unfa-
miliar to many Commodore pro-
grammers. It sets up an error trap so
that if anything goes wrong in the
following code, the computer hops
to line 500, which will restore the
screen. This saves us from the hor-
rible prospect of watching the pro-
gram stop with a syntax error while
the screen is still scrambled and
unreadable. The TRAP command
gives us another bonus: If the com-
puter freezes — or is just too slow —
we can press STOP, and the pro-
gram zips to line 500 and wraps
things up.

130 BANK 15

We're about to fiddle with the
insides of computer chips (regis-
ters), so this command calls for
memory bank 15 to make the chips
accessible. This assures that the
next few POKEs will be directed to
the right place.
140 POKE DECrDD00"),148

Except for the decimal number
conversion ($DDOO = 56576), this
POKE is identical to the way it's
done on the Commodore 64. Brief-
ly, it means: Display video out of
the memory slice in the range
$COOD to $FFFF. We haven't speci-
fied the bank yet, but we'll get
around to it in a moment.
150 POKE DEC("0A2C">,32

We're still in bank 15, but this
address isn't a chip. The address
$0A2C (decimal 2604) is below
$4000 (16384). When we're using
bank 15, all such low addresses go
to RAM, bank 0. This POKE sets the
position of the character set and the
screen within the video slice we've
selected. The calculation goes like

this: We want the screen to be at
$C800, which is 2K above the start
of the video slice at $C000, so mul-
tiply the 2 by 16 and add a similar
value for the character set. In this
case, the character set is right at the
start of the slice; so we add 0 to get a
value of 32.

On the Commodore 64, we'd
do exactly the same calculation, hut
we'd put the result in address
$D018 (53272). In fact, that's the
same address at which our value
will end up in the Commodore 128,
but we must let the computer's in-
terrupt routine deliver it there for
us. So instead of POKEing the value
directly into $D018, we store it at
$0A2C (2604). As part of the com-
puter's interrupt procedure, it will
copy the contents of this location
into $D018.
160 POKE DEC("D506"),68

This tells the computer to take
video from bank 1. If we wanted
video from bank 0, we'd POKE a
value of 4 — or just leave this line
out, since that's the value that will
be there in any case.

170 POKE 217,4

This POKE tells the computer
to take its video from RAM, not
ROM. We don't need to give this
one for the addresses we have cho-
sen, since there is no conflict. This
very low address has a special
banking rule: All addresses below
hex $400 (1024) go to RAM bank 0,
regardless of the bank which has
been specified.

Relocating The Screen

Now our video is set up and ready
to go. We'd better put something on
the screen so we can see it working.
It seems sensible to copy our old
screen to the new place; then we'll
copy the character set. We'll make a
slight change so you can see how to
create a new set of characters.

First, our screen must move
from bank 0, address $400, to bank
1, address $C800. We must move
the whole thousand characters.

200 FOR J = 0 TO 999

210 BANK 0:X = PEEK(1024+J)

220 BANK l:POKE DEC("C800")+J,X

230 NEXT J

This moves screen memory,
but since the character set is not in
place, the result would look rather
muddy. We can read the character
set by selecting bank 14; it is found

in this bank at addresses SDOOO to
$D7FF. There are 256 characters
times 8 bytes per character, which
means 2,048 bytes to move. Just as
we moved the screen in the lines
above, we must move the character
bytes one at a time, flipping be-
tween banks 14 and 1.

We'll also change the charac-
ters slightly as we move them. This
allows us to see that indeed we've
taken control of the character set.

300 FOR J = DEC("C0OO") TO

DEC("C7FF") STEP 8
310 FOR K = 0 TO 7
320 BANK 14

330 X = PEEK(J-t-4096 + 7-K)
340 BANK 1
350POKE J + K,X
360 NEXT K
370 NEXT ]

This puts the character set in
place. When you run the program
(after typing in the additional lines
below), you should see your origi-
nal computer screen — slightly
changed. We could insert a delay
loop to prolong the effect, but the
screen takes long enough to change
that you'll have plenty of time to
see what happens.

Cleaning Up

We're finished — almost. We must
be neat and put everything back the
way it was. This also gives you a
chance to see the original values
that were in the various registers
and addresses.

500 BANK 15

510 POKE DEC("DD00"),151
520 POKE DEC<"0A2C"),20
530 POKE DEC("D506"),4
540 POKE 217,0

These lines restore the original
screen. A little study should enable
you to guess at what each POKE
does — or undoes.

Finally, we need two last lines
to complete the job. But there's an
important note: Do no! enter these
lines until you've tested the pro-
gram and found it good. If your
program has a problem, you'll want
to be able to look at the variables
(by using commands such as
PRINT J) to find out what went
wrong. These final lines make it
impossible for you to do so.

550 POKE 58,DEC("FF")
560 CLR

We've given back to the com-
puter its variable storage memory.
And the job is complete. ©

December 1985 COMPUTEI 119

Apple Hi-Res

Mork Russtnovich

You can easily dump high-resolution
graphics pictures onto a dot matrix
printer with this efficient machine
language utility. It's also an ideal ivay
to add a screen dump option to your
own BASIC programs. It requires an
Apple lie or 11+ computer with at
least 48K RAM and an Epson or Epson-
compatible printer, as zvell as an Epson
or Epson-compatible parallel inter-
face card that connects to slot I. For
'both DOS 3.5 and ProDOS.

Have you ever wished you could
print out an image that appears on
the hi-res screen? This can be useful
for inserting graphs or charts direct-
ly into text, or just saving interest-
ing pictures and mathematical plots.
With the program below, "DUMP,"
vou can do all these things with
minimal effort.

Using DUMP

To get started, type in Program 1
using the "Apple MLX" machine
language entry program found else-
where in this issue. Be sure you
understand the instructions for
using MLX before you begin enter-
ing the data from Program 1. The
required starting and ending ad-
dresses for DUMP are;

Starting address: 9000
Ending address: 91 DF

After you finish typing in the data,
use MLX to save it to disk with the
name DUMP. To install DUMP in
memorv for later use, just type
BRUN DUMP. It loads itself into
memory, protects itself from Apple-
soft by resetting HIMEM, and

Screen Dump

changes the ampersand vector to
allow access from Applesoft.

Program 2 makes it easy to
catalog disks, load hi-res pictures,
view the pictures, and dump them
on the printer. Just select the func-
tion you want from the menu.
When you choose to print the hi-res
screen, the program asks you to
specify the size of the printout.
There are nine sizes, ranging from a
small block to a full page. (Owners

of Epson MX-series printers should
note that sizes 2, 3, 6, and 7 will not
work with their printers. These
sizes use codes available only on
Epson's newer FX and RX models.)
Next you'll be asked for a tab value.
This lets you position the picture
exactly where you want it. Specify
the tab value in pica characters,
making sure the value does not ex-
ceed the width of the page minus
the width of the picture. Otherwise,

Table of DUMP Sizes

Size

1

2
3

4
5
6
7

Widlli
Pica

24
35
35
47
47

70
70

Width
Elite

28

42

42

S6

56

69

69

84

S4

Width
Incti

2.31
3.50

3.50
4.62
4.62
5.75
5.75
7.00
7.00

Height
Char

14
14
32
14
32
32
48
32
48

Height
Inch
2.31
2.31
5.31
2.31
5.31
5.31
8.00
5.31
8.00

120 COMPOTEI December 1985

the picture might be cut off at the

Program 1 : MLX Data For

: HTAB 12: PRINT "2) LOAD
SCREEN"

edge of the page, or wrap around to

DUMP

Bfl 70 PRINT : HTAB 12: PRINT "3)

the middle. If you enter a tab value

VIEW SCREEN": PRINT : HTA

of zero, DUMP automatically cen-

9000:

A9 4C BD F5 03 A9

18 BD 96

B 12: PRINT "4) PRINT 5CRE
EN": PRINT : HTAB 12: PRIN

ters the picture on the page.

9008:
9010:

F6 03 A9 90 BD F7
FF as 73 A9 OF B5

03 A9 9F
74 60 77

T "5) QUIT"

To embed a picture within the
text of a document, you should

901B:
9020:
902B;

20 5B 91 20 F8 E6
F0 07 E0 02 F0 07
DE A9 20 D0 02 A9

E0 01 7A
20 C9 65
40 85 F0

D7 80 VTAB 22: HTAB 12: GET A*:

IF A* = "1" THEN 140
2* 90 IF A* = "2" THEN 160

leave room for the pictures in your

9030:

E6 20 BE DE 20 FS

E6 E0 26

H 100 IF A* = "3" THEN 170

document by changing the mar-

903B:
9040:

0A B0 lA CA BE D5
BE DE 20 F8 E6 E0

91 20 B9
00 D0 97

7< 110 IF AS = "4" THEN 200
18 120 IF A« = "5" THEN END

gins. For your convenience, the ac-

9048:

06 AC D5 91 BE 68

91 BE C0

U 130 PRINT CHR* (7): GOTO 80

companying table shows the widths

9050:

DB 91 4C 58 90 20

C9 DE 4A

t« 140 PRINT : HOME : PRINT D*"C

and heights of all nine print sizes.

9058:
9060:

A0 00 B4 F9 84 FA
84 FB 84 FD 84 FE

84 EF 03
84 FF 5C

ATALOB"
El 150 PRINT : PRINT "PRESS ANY

After printing out your document,

906B:

AC DS 91 A9 IB 20

62 91 Dl

KEY:";: BET A«: GOTO 40

rewind the paper to position the
print head about one line above the

9070:

A9 33 20 62 91 B9

74 91 48

DD 160 PRINT : VTAB 22: INPUT "E

9078:
90B0:

20 62 91 89 7D 91
91 B9 36 91 BD D7

BD D6 34
91 B9 6B

NTER FILE NAME: ";FL*: PR
INT D«"BLOAD"FLt",A*2000"

space you left for the picture. Then

9088:

8F 91 SD DB 91 AA

CA BE 70

: HOME : GOTO 40

run Program 2 and request the size
and tab value you planned for. This

9090:

D9 91 B9 98 91 BD

DA 91 CD

8! 170 POKE - 16302,0: POKE - 16

909B:

98 0A AB B9 AB 91

35 06 D5

297,0: POKE - 16304,0: PO

90A0:

B9 A9 91 as 07 A0

00 Bl FF

KE - 16368,0

procedure might take a little prac-

9008:

06 99 DC 91 CS C0

03 D0 08

Bl 180 X = PEEK ( - 16384): IF X

tice before you can place a picture
exactly where you want it.

90B0:

F6 A9 0A 20 62 91

AC DB 89

< 128 THEN 180

90BB:

91 F0 08 A9 20 20

62 91 52

2B 190 POKE - 16368,0: TEXT : HD

90C0:

B8 D0 F8 A0 00 A9

IB 20 80

ME : GOTO 40

Note that DUMP sets the print-

90CS:

62 91 B9 DC 91 20

62 91 E7

11 200 PRINT : VTAB 22: INPUT "E

er to all of its default values after

90D0:

C8 C0 03 D0 F5 fi5

FB 85 B7

NTER SIZE OF DUMP tl-9t;

9008:

FC AS FC C9 C0 B0

28 A6 DD

";S: IF S < 1 DR S > 9 TH

running. If you were using a special

90E0:

F9 A4 FA 20 11 F4

A4 EF IF

EN 200

mode or typeface, you'll have to

90Ea:

Bl 26 A4 FF 39 AI

91 F0 65

rC 210 VTAB 24: PRINT "(S^AUTD C

restore that mode after running
DUMP.

90F0:

16 AD DA 91 A4 FD

F0 0B 07

ENTER!";: VTAB 23: HTAB 1

90FB:

AE D6 91 4A CA D0

FC BB lA

: INPUT "ENTER TAB SETTIN

9100:

4C F6 90 0S FE 85

FE E6 5C

G: ";T: IF T < 0 DR T > 5

910B:

FC E6 FD A5 FD CD

DB 91 E7

0 THEN 210
n 220 POKE - 16302,0: POKE - 16

DUMP With Other

9110;

D0 C7 A5 FE AC D7

91 20 3A

Programs

9118:
9120:

62 91 SB D0 FA A9
FE 85 FD E6 FF A5

00 85 F2
FF C9 B2

297,0: POKE - 16304,0: &
1,S,T: TEXT : HOME : GOTQ
40 ©

DUMP is especially handy when

9128:

07 D0 06 E6 EF A9

00 85 DD

used with graphing and drawing
programs, and for this reason you

9130:
913B:
9140:

FF E6 F9 D0 02 E6
F9 C9 18 D0 98 A5
94 ft9 00 B5 EF B5

FA AS A0
FA F0 ID
F9 B5 7F

may want to add it to programs of
your own. To do this, add a line at

9146:

FA A3 FB 6D D9 91

as FB C4

9150:
9158:

C9 C0 B0 03 4C Bl
5B 91 60 A9 IB 20

90 20 39
62 91 E3

COMPUTEf

the beginning of the program simi-

9160:

A9 40 AE CI CI 30

FB 8D AE

lar to this:

10 PRINT CHRS(4);"BRUN DUMP"

9168:
9170:
917S:

90 C0 60 ID 16 16
0A 0A 05 05 15 15
12 12 12 12 12 0!

11 11 IE

12 15 42
01 02 25

Tne Resource.

9180:

01 02 02 03 02 03

01 03 36

Later in the program, add a
screen dump option to your menu.

918B:

03 01 01 05 05 03

03 07 IF

9190:
919S:

07 03 07 03 03 02
40 40 60 40 60 60

03 02 31
70 60 CI

Prompt the user for size and tab
values, then enter this command:

91A0:
91A8:
91B0:

70 01 02 04 0S 10
BA 91 BD 91 C0 91
C6 91 C9 91 CC 91

20 40 BD
C3 91 C3
CF 91 CB

ATTENTION T.I. 99/4A OWNERS
CHRISTMAS SPECIALS

&P,S,T

91B8:

D2 91 4C IS Pll 5A

48 03 P"

• Diskettes - 59C each! Your choice SS or

91C0:

3A 48 03 4B IB 01

4B 18 AB

DD

where P specifies hi-res page (1 or

91Ca:

01 5A 78 05 5A 78

05 4C 6D

• 51 2K Now Available for the 99/4A!

2), S is the size (1-9, but remember

91D0:

48 03 4C 48 03 A2

D6 C9 01

• 99/8 Level 4 Computer Upgrade Now

the MX-series limitation mentioned

91DB:

A5 8A A0 C5 CB FF

A0 31 9A

Available

above), and T is the tab value. Pro-
gram 2 is an example of how this is

Program 2: DUMP Example

• Over 1500 Hardware and Software
Accessories at S;nnlar Savings
THE WORLD'S LARGEST

done. Numbers, variables, or ex-

Bl 10

ONERR GOTO 40

COMPUTER ASSISTANCE GROUP

pressions can be used in the com-

52 20

D* = CHR* (4)

Wow serving over 35.000 members worldwide

mand, For instance, to print out hi-

H 30

PRINT D*"BRUN DUMP"

with the best in technical assistance, senice.

res page 1, with a size of 3 and a tab
of 15, this form could be used:

55 40

TEXT : HOME

and products lor the Texas lnslrumef\t 99/tA

n 50

HTAB 9: PRINT •■«*«**««»**»
ttl:*t**ttt": HTAB 9: PRINT

Computer.

To become a member and receive newslellers.

10 A = 15

"»

*'■ =

catalog, technical assistance and membership

20 & 1,A/5,A

HTAB 9: PRINT "« APPLE HI-

package, send $10.00 lor a ONE Year Member-

RES DUMP *'■: HTAB

9: PRINT

ship to:

After DUMP has finished print-
ing the picture, it returns control to

"*

»■':

99/4A National Assistance Group

HTAB 9: PRINT "««««**»»«»*
**)tt*ttt«*"

National Headquarters
P.O. Box 290812

Applesoft and the program contin-

IF 60

PRINT : PRINT : PRINT : HT

Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33329

ues running.

The ampersand command can

AB 12: PRINT "ENTER CHOICE

Attention ftlembership Division

:": HTAB 12: PRINT
■': PRINT :

HTAB 12:

For Further Information Call 24 Hours
(3051 583-0467

also be entered in immediate mode.

PRINT "1) CATALOG

": PRINT

December 1986 COMPUTEI 121

Disassembler For Atari

This versatile utility disassembles
any machine language program in
memory or on disk. It can also display
a memory dump and check disks for
bad sectors. The program ivorks on
any 400/800, XL, or XE with at least
16K K.4M for tape or 24K for disk.

Here is a BASIC utility for disas-
sembling machine language (ML)
programs and examining the con-
tents of your Atari's memory. Type
in "Disassembler" and save it to
disk or tape before running it for
the first time. Since this program is
largely self-prompting, you should
be able to use it with little or no
instruction. To choose one of its
three main options, press the OP-
TION, SELECT, or START keys as
prompted. In each case, you may
choose to send output to a printer
rather than to the screen.

Using The Disassembler

The first option, disassembly, trans-
lates ML object code into its 6502
mnemonics. After you choose this
option, the computer asks whether
you wish to disassemble a particu-
lar memory area, a particular sector
on the disk, or a binary file stored
on disk. This allows you the free-
dom to disassemble virtually any
ML program, even autoboot pro-
grams that normally take control of
the computer as soon as you load
them into memory.

WillioTT Casner

The size of the disk file you can
disassemble depends on the memo-
ry capacity of your computer: With
48K or 64K, you can disassemble
files as large as 21K (more than
21,000 bytes). When disassembling
memory, you must provide hexa-
decimal starting and ending ad-
dresses of the area you wish to
disassemble.

The second option is a listing,
or memory dump. Again, you can
look at a particular memory area, a
particular disk sector, or a binary
file. In this case, however, the dis-
assembler displays each byte in
ASCII form rather than as a 6502
mnemonic. This function is useful
for examining parts of a program
that contain data rather than ML
instructions.

Finally, you can scan a disk for
bad sectors. After you select this
option, the program checks every
sector on the disk, listing the type
and sector location of any errors
that are found.

As you may know, CTRL-1 can
be used to pause any scrolling
screen display. Press Q at any input
point (except the menus them-
selves) to return to the main menu.
If you wish to abort a disassembly
or memory dump, press the START
key: The computer asks you to
press any key to continue, then re-
turns you to the main menu.

Take special care while typing
the DATA statements in lines 1230-

1310. Don't omit any commas or
spaces, but don't add any extra
ones, either. Mistakes could lead to
incorrectly decoded mnemonics. If
the program stops with an ERROR
3, 6, or 8 message in line 1220, it
probably means you have a typing
error somewhere in the DATA
lines.

Disassembler For Atari

For instructions on entering this listing, please
reter to ■'COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In
Programs" published bimonthly in compute'.

10 DI
ML

) ,
u*

20 DI
) =

30 DI
ZJ
00

40 FO
L*

50 DA

10

1 3

41

60 DA

,8

3 <

70 FO

L2

80 D(\

, 1

, 1

69

90 Dfl

2,

3,

100 G

110 R

120 S

130 ft

A

M R« ( 1032
« (36) , ML2
ft* (20 ) , TS
( 1 )

M P (4) : P (
256: P (3) =
M TY$ (11)
YXMR" : SPi=l
t DIM S* (S
R J=l TO
(J ! =CHR« (
TA 104 , 10
4. 141 , 10,
, 104, 141 ,
,1,3

TA 367.Q2
3, 228, 173
96

R J=l TO
* ( J ) =CHRt
TA 104, 10
04, 141 , 10
01 , 3, 104,

7
TA 141 , 9B
B6, 22B, 17
2, 96

QSUB 11B0
EM

=0:FDR X=
= ftSC (A» (X
>9 THEN A

) , SC* (128) ,
« (34) , G* (31
( 15) , F« (4) ,

1 ) =4096: P <2
16: P (4) =1
: TY*=" VUBC3
CE=FRE (0) -6
PACE)

36:READ B:M
B) : NEXT J
4 , 14 1, 11,3,
3, 104, 141,5
4,3, 169. 1 . 1

, 141,

i;

34:READ B:M
(B> : NEXT J
4, 14 1, 1 05, 3
4,3, 104, 14 1
14 1, 100, 3, 1

, 3, ii2, 32, 3

3, 99, 3, 141 ,

:GOTO 200

1 TD 4

, X) ) -4B: IF

= fi-7

122 COMPUTEI December 1965

PC 140

S=5+P < X) *A:NEXT X:RET

INPUT S«

SN 740

GSf27, 28) =" , X" : GOTO 7

URN

(!>. 430

SECTOR=SECTaR+l:A-USR

80

Hk 150

REM

(ADR(ML*) , SECTOR, ADR<

CS 750

GS (23, 23)=" (" : GS(27,2

CN 160

F=0: F*="":FOR X= 1 TO

SCS) ) : IF PEEK (203) =1

9) =" , X) " : GOTO 780

4

THEN 460

CF 760

6* (23.23)-" (":6S(27, 2

Kl 170

F=INT<A/PtX)):fi=A-(F«

;( 440

•^ "Sector " ; SECTOR; "

9)=" ) , Y"=GOTO 780

P(X) ) : IF F< 10 THEN F=

bad; ";PEEK (203) : IF S

PE 770

G« (2 3, 23) ="«"

F-7

ECTOR=ES THEN 1060

NN 780

A=PEEK (S+1 ): GDSUB 160

AB iS0

F»(X)=CHR«tF+55):NEXT

GJ 4 50

GOTO 430

: BS (9, 10) =F* (3, 4) : GS (

X: RETURN

SC 460

SS(LEN(SS)+1)=SCS; IF

25,26)=FS(3,4) :S=S+2:

HG 170

REM

SECTaR=ES THEN SE=S+L

SOTO 630

fB 200

? ■' tCLEPiR; " : PDSITIDN

EN (SS) : GOTO 480

a 790

GS(23,23)="(":GS(29,2

2,B:? "Press i'Tittjr'K f

EL 4 70

GOTO 430

9)=" ) ":GOTO 820

or Disassembler":? "

E- 480

IF DIS=0 THEN 860

SB 800

GS (29, 30) =" , Y" ; GOTO 8

ih SPACES >SiaBri.Ii for

3? 4 90

GOTO 630

20

Code Lister"

»D 500

ADD=1 :S»( 1 ) =" ":S«<SP

FE 8 10

GS (29,30)=" , X"

KP 210

? "{6 SPACES! !,BiiTiTi« f

ACE) =" 1 " : S* (2) =S«

mO 820

fi = PEEK (S + 2) * 256 + PEEK (

or Sector Scan":? :?

as 510

SB = 0:SE = 0:? : "^ "Enter

S+1):GDSUB 160:GS(9,1

,.>.,.

D*t t f i lename. ext " ; : IN

0) =FS (3, 4) : GS ( 12, 13) =

D- 220

DN PEEK (53279) -2 GOTO

PUT A»: IF LEN(A*)=0 T

FS(1,2) :G»(25,2B>=FS:

230. 220, 24 0, 980: GOTO

HEN ? "(3 UP}": GOTO 5

S=S+3:G0TD 630

220

10

C. 8 30

Z=PEEK(S+1):A=Z:G0SUB

F3 230

DIS=l:T*="Disassemble

LE 520

GOSUB 1090: IF A*(2,2)

160: GS (9, 10) =FS (3,4)

r " : G«=" {CLEAR ird^KJ ii =

<>" : " AND A* (3, 3) <>" :

: IF Z< 128 THEN GS (22,

ai!iiij{3 SPACES 3 Cl!J''^TS5

" THEN ? "«-^r:T.mj?y^:rr

22)=" >": A=S-SA+SS+I+2

S7^«aTJ;0;t«l" : ^ "(4 UP}

:GOTO 850

ITT^J^M",-"- GOSUB 1120;

GOTO 250

":GOTD 510

PD 840

GS(22,22)="<":A=B-SA+

nH 240

DIS=0: Tt="Lister " : B»=

Lf. 530

CLOSE tt2:TRAP 5b0:DPE

SS+Z-254

■' (CLEAR} <9 SPACES] ;iV*i

~

N #2, 4, 0, AS: GET *2, A;

KE 850

GOSUB 160: GS (25, 28) =F

,i«t:!{4 SPACES >i.v'*ri ij-~=ii

IF A=25S THEN GET #2,

S:S=S+2:G0T0 630

•Sj"

A: IF A=255 THEN 570

ns 860

? BS : ?

:t 250

7 " CCLEAR> " : -^ : ? "

=« 540

CLOSE tt2:TRAP 40000;-^

■N 870

IF S>SE THEN 1060

(13 SPACES>";T«

: -^ "Not a i :>X^::j;i'ffli^ir^

Bl 880

IF PEEK (53279) =6 THEN

JM 260

POSITION 2,9;? "press

I-: f > i e" : GOTO 1060

1 060

rrrararjiT Memory":? •■
{6 SPACES: -feYUlI^iii Sect

;: 550

CLOSE «2:TRAP 40000:1

Fl 890

IF ADD=0 THEN ? ,S~AD

F PEEK(195)=170 THEN

R (SS) , : GOTO 910

or":"' "(6 SPACES} -"SiiT

? "ii*<'[-m:[>imd'-i}rj':" -.7

Ho 900

A=S-SA+SS: GDSUB 160:7

t« Fi le"

"(4 UP>":GDTO 510

" C8 SPACES} "; FS; " " ;

I'D 270

FOR X=l TO 50:NEXT X:

tr 560

' " L> rj -r-^^i'j A -Jjt^t't m-i*:i :•

S;" ";

? : ? ■' > " ;

S-=-.^;!'7T." :6DT0 1060

NO 910

Z=PEEK (S) : A=Z: GOSUB 1

ED 280

ON PEEK (53279) -2 GOTO

J:i. 570

GET tt2,A:GET ♦t2.B:SS =

60: ? FS (3, 4) ; "

290, 2B0, 360, 500;GOTO

B»256+A

(5 SPACES}";

200

m S80

GET «2,A:6ET 4t2,B:5E =

L5 920

IF Z=125 THEN ? "

At 290

ADD= 1 : SA = SS: ? : '^ "Sta

B*256+A

<ESC} (CLEAR} ": SOTO 97

rting addre5S(4 digit
hex ) " ;

i: 5 90

N0BYTES = SE-SB+1 : IF NO

0

BYTEB>SPACE THEN 7 :7

m 930

IF 2^=157 THEN ? "

Cr 300

INPUT A«:GDSUB 1090:1

"Not Enough RAM " : GO

(ESC}{INS LINE}":BOTO

F LEN(A»)<>4 THEN ? "

TO 1.060

970

(3 UP}":GDTO 290

j: 6 00

A=USR( ADR (ML2*) , NOBYT

1(1, 940

IF Z=13B THEN ? "

R> 3 10

60SUB 120: Y=S

ES, ADR (SS) ) : IF peEK(2

(ESC3 (DEL LINE:":GOTO
970

DC 320

? :? "Ending addre5s(

03)"255 THEN ? :? "ER

4 digit hex)";

ROR «"; PEEK (203) : GOTO

rL 930

IF Z=29 THEN ? "(ESC}

CJ 330

INPUT AS:6aSUEi 1090:1

1 060

(DEL LINE}": GOTO 970

F LEN(A»)<;4 THEN 7 "

!.i 6 10

CLOSE #2: S=ADR(SS) : SA

[r 960

7 CHRS (Z)

(3 UP} " : GOTO 320

=S: SE=S+NOBYTES

n 970

S=S*1:GDTD 870

K 340

GDSUB 120: SE=S: S=Y: IF

EE 620

IF DIS=0 THEN B60

F5 980

? "insert diskette to

DIS=0 THEN 860

Ek 6 30

IF S>SE THEN 1060

scan":? :? "Press 13;.

E~'_T r'r~' 1"^ 1— III ■* h. ■ ^

if. 350

GOTO 630

^L 64 0

'^ GS: IF PTR=1 THEN ->

liUl', when ready"; :1NP

Ml 360

ADD=0:MAXS=INT(SPACE/
128) :S=ADR(SS> :BOSUB

6D 650

#3; GS

IF PEEK (53279) =6 THEN

K 990

UT AS : GOSUB 1 090
N=0; SECTOR=0: ? "

1 120

1 060

(CLEAR}" : POSITION 14,

i! 3 70

? :? "Starting sector
(1-719) "; : INPUT AS: I

il 660

GS="(31 SPACES}"

2:? "SS^-Siyr-lpfl^::!:":? :

nf 670

A=S-SA+SS: GOSUB 160:G

? "(12 SPACES}Bad Sect

F LEN(A*)=0 THEN SS=1

S ( 1 , 4> =F*

or s "

:GOTD 390

^L 680

Z=PEEK (S> : A=Z : GDSUB 1

= 1 1000 :' , "tjector ", "Error "

Li 38 0

GOSUB 1090: SS=VAL ( AS)

60: GS (6, 7) =FS (3,4)

j'>1010 SECT0R = SECT0R+1 : A = US

: IF SS< 1 OR SS>719 TH

K 690

IF R« (Z*4+l , Z»4+l) ="

R (ADR (MLS) , SECTOR. AD
R(SCS) )

EN ? "(3 UP}": GOTO 37

" THEN GS ( 17, 19) ="^??

0

" : S=S+1 : GOTO 630

E: 1020 IF PEEK(203)<>1 THEN |

JF 3V0

■^ :? "Ending Sector (
1-719) "; : INPUT AS: IF

Dt 700

GS{i7, 19)=R*(Z*4-i-l, Z*
4*-3>:US = RS(Z*4<^4) :IF

? , SECTOR, PEEK(203)
: N=N+1

LEN(AS)=0 THEN ES=SS:

US=" " OR US="A" THEN

.''^1030 IF SECTDR = 720 THEN '•' 1

GOTO 420

GS(24,24)=U«:S=5+1:E

■■^ ,N;" {■■ry^TVJS^-i-l^i.lt. -

F3 400

GDSUB 1090: ES=VAL (AS)

DTD 630

" : BDTO 1060

: IF ES<SS OR ES>717 T

[iC 7 1 0

6S(24.24)="«":A=0:FOR

S:i040 IF PEEK (53279) =6 THE j

HEN ? "(3 UP}": GOTO 3

J=l TO 1 1 : IF US=TYS (

N 200

93

J, J) THEN A=J: J=l 1

f,i 10S

0 GOTO 1010

BB 410

IF ES-SS>MAXS THEN ?

r> 7 20

NEXT J: ON A GOTO 730,

«F 1060 7 : "^ "Press any l;ey j

"Only room -for ";MAXS

740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 7

to continue":? ".";

; " sectors" : ? " (6 UPJ

90,B00,8i0,a20,B30:ST

S; 107 0 IF PEEK (764) =255 THE |

":GOTO 370

OP

N 1070

CE 420

SECTDP! = SS-1: ^ :? "Pre

5S 730

G* (27, 28) =" , Y" : GOTO 7

S;i0B0 POKE 764,255:60T0 20 |

SS :S-J»»!!:1- tn hpQin";;

80

0

December 1 985 COMPUTH 123

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EN 1290
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IF LEN(A«>=e! THEN 11

10

IF A* ( 1 . 1 >=-"D" THEN

POP :GOTO 200

RETURN

PTR=0:? "Do YOU wish

to print (Y/::) " ;
IF PEEK(764)=43 THEN

PTR=1 : GOTO 1 150
IF PEEK (764) =255 THE
N 113 6)

POKE 764, 255: IF PTR=
1 THEN CLOSE #3:TRAP

1 170: OPEN #3, B, 0. "P
:":TRAP 40000
7 : -^ ; RETUFiN
CLOSE «3:TRAP 40000:
? : ? " MHUfiga^Ul^S^

za^msEmnst" -.GOTO 10

60

7 "CCLEAF?} M-^T-^-JMTyiE^T

5Ft-:j[i-: n gjf-wnTTJM'B'.rTag*-.

WSXMJWi" : -> ! ?

7 "I? spaces: PLEASE

WAIT. ... "

R* ( 1 ) =" ■': R$ < 1032) = "

I " : R* (2) =R»

SC« ( 1 ) =" " : SC« ( 128) =

" I " : set (2) cSCt

FOR X=0 TO 255: READ

F'S!R*( (X*4)-H, <X«4) +

4)=F*:NEXT >!:RETURN

DATA BRK ,ORAB,,,,OR

AZ,ASLZ,,PHP .ORAS.A

SLA, , , DRAN, ASLN, , BPL

RjORAC, , , ,ORAU,ASLU,

, CLC , ORAY , , , , ORAX

DATA ASLX, , JSRN, ANDB

, , , BITZ , AMDZ , ROLZ. , P

LP , ANDS>, ROLA, , BITN,

ANDN.ROLN, ,BMIR.ANDC

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DATA EORX , LSRX , , RTS

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PLA , ADC5>, RDRA , , JMPJ

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DATA ADCX , , , , STAB, , ,

STYZ , 5TAZ, STXZ , , DEY

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DATA
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CLV ,LDA
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PB, , , CPYZ
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CMPC, , , ,
CLD ,Cr1PV
CX, , CPX3,
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3, NOP , , C
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PXN, SBC

U J J , f 3D

, SBCY, ,

CAPUTE!

Modifications or Corrections
To Previous Articies

Atari Witching Hour

Goblins apparently invaded our
lister progrann while this Halloween
game from the October issue (p. 54)
was printing. The mysterious { = }
character in Hnes 1310 and 1320
should instead be the vertical line
character, SHIFT- = .

Skyscape

The Commodore 64, Atari, and TI
versions of this astronomy plotting
program from the November issue
(p. 62) do not work properly for
latitudes between the equator and
24 degrees south. Trying to plot a
skyscape for a location in this
area — Peru or northern Australia,
for example — results in an ILLE-
GAL QUANTITY ERROR message
or a misplaced sun. In the Commo-
dore 64 version (Program 1), the
culprit is the second ABS in line
2510. The line should read as
follows:

2510 IF ABS(LL)<24 THEN LB = 40*
INT(LL/7-l-.5)

The correction is the same for the
Atari version (Program 2), except
that the line number is 2540. For
the TI version (Program 5), make
the change to line 2440.

All About IBM Batch Files

The {CTRL-P} character which ap-
pears in Programs 2, 3, and 4 of this
overview of batch files is not cor-
rect. Wherever this character ap-
pears, you should instead type
whatever key or key combination
produces an ESCape character,
CHR$(27). If you use the EDLIN
text editor from the IBM PC-DOS
system disk, the proper replace-
ment is {CTRL-V}[. That is, hold
down the CTRL key and type V,
then release CTRL and V and type [.
Note that the left bracket ([) is in
addition to any brackets that are
already in the listing. For example,
with EDLIN the first line of Pro-
gram 3 would be typed as follows:

iCTRL-V;[[2J ;CTRL-V![|32m

Other text editors or word pro-
cessors may require another combi-
nation. Check the manual for the
editor you are using to see what
you need to type to produce ASCII
character 27.

There is also a correction for
the last paragraph in the article (p.
88). The statement shown as:

IF . %1. GOTO .NOPARAM

should read:

IF .= = %1. GOTO :NOPARAM

64 Color Plotter

There are no errors in this graphics
uhlity program from the "64 Multi-
color Graphics Made Easy" article
in the October issue (p. 90). How-
ever, there was one point that the
article failed to make completely
clear: Programs with "Color Plot-
ter" commands work only if they are
typed in while Color Plotter is active.
If you type in a program containing
Color Plotter commands — for ex-
ample, Program 2 from the article —
in regular BASIC, then activate
Color Plotter, the program appears
correct when you list it, but will not
run. Instead, all Color Plotter com-
mands will cause syntax errors. You
can convert the faulty program
statements to true Color Plotter
statements by activating Color Plot-
ter, listing the problem line on the
screen, moving the cursor to that
line, and pressing RETURN. Al-
ways be sure that Color Plotter is
active before typing in any pro-
grams using its special commands.
And remember that you have to
reactivate Color Plotter each time
you press RUN/STOP-RESTORE.

1 24 COMPUTEI December 1 985

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ORGANIZE YOUR GENEALOGY with
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Terms; Prepayment is required. Check, money order, American Express, Visa, or
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General Intormation: Advertisers using post office box numbers in their ads must
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Notice: COMPUTE! Publications cannot be responsible for offers or claims oi
advertisers, but will attempt to screen out misleading or questionable copy.

December 1985 COHPUTH 125

The Beginners Page

Tom P. Holfhill, Editor

No Strings Attached

For the past few months, we've
been discussing various kinds of
numeric variables — those that store
numbers. But BASIC has a second
genera] type of variable that's
worth knowing about, too — strittg
variables.

Instead of storing numbers,
string variables store characters.
Characters can be letters of the al-
phabet, the numerals 0-9, punctua-
tion marks, the foreign letters or
graphics symbols found on some
keyboards, spaces, and even special
codes which have meaning only to
computers.

In program listings, string vari-
ables resemble regular variables,
but are denoted with a trailing dol-
lar sign, as in A$ (pronounced "A-
string"). Usually, all the rules that
apply to numeric variable names on
your computer's BASIC also apply
to string variable names. For in-
stance, the Commodore 64 allows
variable names of any length, but
the computer recognizes only the
first two characters for purposes of
telling them apart; ditto on the
Apple; the IBM also allows names
of any length, but recognizes the
first 40 characters; the Tl allows
names up to 15 characters long,
recognizing all 15; and the Atari
allows names of any length and
recognizes all characters.

String variables are easy to set
up and use. You're probably al-
ready familiar with literal strings,
such as the word HELLO found in
the following program line:
10 PRINT "HELLO"

A literal string is analogous to
a numeric constant — it doesn't
change. PRINT "HELLO" always
prints the word HELLO. But stor-
ing a string of characters in a
string variable has the same ad-
vantages as storing a number in a
numeric variable — your program
can manipulate the variable (and
therefore the characters it stores)
at will. Here's a quick example:

10 AS = "HELLO"
20 PRINT AS

(Atari users should add this line: 5
DIM A$(10). We'll explain why
later.) When you run this pro-
gram, it prints HELLO just like
the previous program. But now
add these lines:

30 AS = "HI MOM!"
40 PRINT AS

Even though the PRINT
statement in line 40 is identical to
the one in line 20, it prints a dif-
ferent message: HI MOM! instead
of HELLO. The reason, as you
may have surmised, is that we as-
signed a new string of characters
to the string variable A$ in line
30. In effect, we changed the
"value" of A$ from HELLO to HI
MOM!.

This is just a taste of how
string variables can be modified
by a running program. We'll cover
many more possibilities over the
next few columns. The important
thing at this point is to grasp the
advantage of string variables:
They allow your programs to ma-
nipulate characters, words, and
sentences instead of just numbers.

A DIM Memory

Take another look at the statements
in lines 10 and 30 above. These are
the string variable versions of as-
signment statements, just as the
statement A =10 assigns the value
10 to the numeric variable A. (In
case you're wondering, the rarely
seen keyword LET — as in LET
A=10 — can be used in string vari-
able assignments, too, but is op-
tional in almost all BASICs these
days. It's customary to omit it.)

When you assign a string of
characters to a string variable,
BASIC stores the string in computer
memory and uses the variable as a
reference marker — sort of like the
thumb tabs on the pages of a large
dictionary. A program statement
such as PRINT A$ tells BASIC to

look up the string of characters in
memory, retrieve it, and print it on
the screen.

In TI-99/4A BASIC and most
Microsoft-style BASICs (including
those supplied with Commodore,
Apple, and IBM computers), there's
a limit on the length of the string
that can be assigned to a string
variable — 255 characters. If you try
to assign a longer string, you'll
either get an error message or the
string will be truncated (cut off) at
the 255-character limit.

In Atari BASIC, a string can be
of any length up to the limit of
available program memory. On a
48K or 64K Atari with the Disk
Operating System (DOS) and
BASIC in memory, there's room for
a string of more than 30,000 charac-
ters— although that wouldn't leave
much memory for a very long pro-
gram. Because the length of Atari
strings is so flexible. Atari BASIC
requires you to declare the maxi-
mum length of a string variable
before using it in the program.
Otherwise, the computer wouldn't
know how much space to reserve
for the string (Microsoft BASIC al-
ways knows that strings won't be
longer than 255 characters).

The Atari BASIC statement for
declaring a string's length is
DIM(.t), where x equals the maxi-
mum number of characters (DIM
stands for DIMension). An example
of the DIM statement is in line 5
above. It reserves memory for a
string up to ten characters long,
room enough for HI MOM! wdth a
few characters to spare. The DIM
statement must precede the first use
of the string variable in the program,
or you'll get an error. If you try to
assign a string longer than the
DIMed length, the string is truncated
at the limit without an error message.

Next month we'll start delving
a little deeper into how to use string
variables in various ways in your
programs. @

126 COMPUTEJ December 1985

Computers and Society

David D Thornburg, Associate Editor

Another Kind Of Home Computing

At first glance, the Emergency
Housing Consortium of Santa Clara
County may seem to be an unlikely
place to find personal computers.
This agency, founded four years
ago by Barry Del Buono, helps meet
the emergency and long-term hous-
ing needs for residents of Santa
Clara and San Mateo counties —
two of the most populous counties
in California's Silicon Valley,

To an outsider, the apparent
affluence of this area masks its
pockets of poverty — poverty that
strikes quite hard, given the high
cost of local housing. With rental
units costing as much as $2,000 per
month, many families who are
down on their luck end up living in
their cars or on the streets.

This is where Del Buono's
agency steps in. In four years, the
Emergency Housing Consortium
has grown from one person to a
staff of 35 people who oversee four
shelters housing 600 people per
night. In addition, the Consortium
helps people find permanent hous-
ing and jobs.

As the agency began to grow,
Del Buono contacted the Commu-
nity Affairs program at Apple Com-
puter, Inc. to apply for a corporate
grant of computer equipment. He
was convinced that computer tech-
nology could help his clients gain
an edge on locating permanent
housing. He envisioned an inter-
agency network that would include
a constantly updated list of low-
cost area housing. Such a network
was needed because by the time
most of his people found out about
a low-cost rental opportunity, it
was already taken.

Apple granted four complete
computer systems to the Consor-
tium to share with three other
housing agencies. The equipment
included an Apple He computer
with the extended 80-column card
(expanding the memory to 128K
RAM), a monitor, two disk drives, a

ten-megabyte hard disk, a 1200 bps
modem, and an Imagewriter print-
er. Apple also provided numerous
pieces of its own software, as well
as some products from other manu-
facturers (such as HabaMerge).

From Fast Food To Figures

The Apple Community Affairs
grants are awarded primarily to
nonprofit groups interested in
using microcomputer networks to
communicate and share infor-
mation with other groups that have
similar social objectives. Apple em-
phasizes the importance of cooper-
ation between groups and the ways
in which computers can help peo-
ple cooperate across organizational
boundaries.

When Apple provided the
Consortium with the equipment
and support it needed, the database
envisioned by Del Buono became a
reality. The legwork was done by
volunteers and by the homeless cli-
ents themselves. "Pretty soon we
were coming up with incredible
stuff," says Del Buono. "We had
the information available on a daily
basis, and it was being updated all
the time. Walk-ins could now come
to our center and, in a short time,
could walk out again with a list of
appropriately priced rentals."

The computers became useful
in other ways, too. Because the ma-
chines also store information about
the Consortium's clients, it's easy to
compile detailed statistics on them.
This type of information is impor-
tant to an agency that obtains fund-
ing from public sources.

Perhaps more importantly, the
computers have provided opportu-
nities for the clients themselves to
learn how to use today's technol-
ogy. One woman who had last
worked for a fast-food restaurant is
now the agency's statistician. She is
so good at her job that she recently
led a workshop at Apple. Other
formerly homeless people working

for the Consortium are also acquir-
ing job skills that are transferable to
the private sector. They are seeing
how access to technology has a di-
rect impact on improving their
lives. This helps them recognize the
importance of developing appropri-
ate job skills in the information age.

Fringe Benefits

Meanwhile, thanks to the com-
bined efforts of the clients and vol-
unteers, the Consortium's
constantly updated housing list is
so valuable that it's now being sold
to other agencies on a subscription
basis. Even corporations are calling
the Consortium to get rental infor-
mation for their new employees!

Del Buono is convinced the
Consortium couldn't be what it is
today without the help of comput-
ers. His agency is decentralized, op-
erating four shelters in two
counties, and is linked to other
agencies as well.

Above all, Del Buono has
shown that computer technology
can benefit the very poor — to create
a concrete product that improves
their quality of life. "When you
don't have a lot of money, you need
a competitive edge," he says.
"That's what we get with the
computer."

For more information on the
Apple Community Affairs program,
contact Fred Silverman at Apple
Computer, 20525 Mariani Avenue,
Cupertino, CA 95014. Tax deductible
donations can be made to the Emer-
gency Housing Consortium of Santa
Clara County, P.O. Box 2346, San
Jose, CA 95109. ©

December 1985 COMPUTEl 127

The World Inside the Computer

Fred D'lqnozio, Associate Editor

Pieces Of Our Past — The Computer Puzzle

Last month I told the story of my

"Phantom Programmer," Hunter
Baker, a high school student I re-
cruited to organize my attic and
computer room. The story ended
with me nervously charging into
the computer room waving a ma-
chete in the middle of the night
after mistaking Hunter and his
friend, Amy Powell, for burglars.
Actually, they were working on a
school project for National History
Day: a history trivia game for the
IBM computer.

Hunter and Amy entered their
program in the regional History
Day competition and won first
place in the Senior Media Presenta-
tion category. And no wonder!
They had spent dozens of hours
collecting hundreds of history ques-
tions and typing them into the com-
puter, where they were stored as six
random data files representing six
question categories: Presidents,
Places, Historical Figures, U.S.
Constitution, Wars and Battles, and
Trivial Trivia. And while Hunter
was writing a program that man-
aged all the questions, Amy was
using Mouse Systems' PC Paint to
create seven beautiful picture
screens — a title screen and a screen
for each category.

Confident after their victory in
the regional competition. Hunter
and Amy took their history trivia
game — called "Pieces of Our
Past" — to the state competition at
Lynchburg College, in Lynchburg,
Virginia.

But the two young people re-
ceived a rude shock. The state
judges said their program was not a
media project at all, and gave them
low grades in almost every catego-
ry. One judge wrote that the project
"shows no work." Another judge
gave Hunter and Amy 0 out of a
possible 15 points for "Quality of
the Medium," Several judges gave
the program low grades for historical
accuracy, yet ever}' one of Hunter

and Amy's questions and answers
came from reliable sources such as
textbooks and encyclopedias.

Worst of all, the judges refused
to interact with the program. Dur-
ing the judging they sat in their
chairs, far away from the computer
screen and keyboard, and declined
to come any closer — even when
Hunter and Amy invited them. Lat-
er, one judge wrote on the judging
sheet: "Not effective media presen-
tation. I couldn't see the screen."

Hunter and Amy returned
from the History Day competition
disappointed and bewildered. They
had put an enormous amount of
work into their project. They had
come up with an innovative ap-
proach to learning history facts, and
they had demonstrated a mastery
of their medium. Hunter's program
made use of random data files,
elaborate graphics (created, pixel
by pixel, by Amy), and music. By
storing the pictures in the IBM's
video memory and the music in
another memory buffer. Hunter's
program was able to display a pic-
ture, play music, and build the
question arrays all at the same time.

But their program lost. Why?
Do history teachers fear the com-
puter? Don't they recognize the
computer as a valid educational
medium, like slides, filmstrips,
videotapes, or 8mm movies?

A New Media Is The
Message

I think history teachers are no more
afraid of computers than anyone
else, but like almost everyone else,
few of them see the computer as
"media." And since the computer is
a new form of media, with its own
special needs and limitations, no
one was quite prepared for Hunter
and Amy's project, which was so
different that it bewildered the
judges, confounded the rules, and
didn't fit into any of the project
categories.

I imagine the judges had no
idea how much work and original
thinking went into "Pieces of Our
Past." All this work was stored,
invisibly and electronically, inside
the computer as hundreds of lines
of code, computer records, and
screen maps.

And the judges were not pre-
pared to interact with a media pro-
ject. In the past, they had sat back,
passively, and been informed, edu-
cated, or entertained. Now they
were being asked to sit down in
front of an unfamiliar keyboard,
read the display screen, and answer
questions without any preparation.
What a fright! They might have
pressed the wrong key and looked
foolish. Or worse, they might have
answered one of the history ques-
tions incorrectly in front of their
colleagues (all fellow history teach-
ers, instructors, and professors).

Everyone — Hunter, Amy, the
judges — was burned by this expe-
rience. In the future, I doubt if
Hunter and Amy will be quite as
innovative or work quite as hard or
independently on a project like this.
And I know the judges feel bad,
too. They saw merit in Hunter and
Amy's project, but they didn't un-
derstand it, and they didn't know
how to compare it with the other
projects, or rate it according to the
rules of the competition.

This was just a small incident,
but I fear similar ones are occurring
all over the U.S. when young peo-
ple try to incorporate computers
Into projects that baffle and confuse
their elders. Bright, self-motivated
young people can come up with all
sorts of ingenious uses for comput-
ers that many of us older folks have
never dreamed of. But I'm worried
that we may not be ready for them
when they do.

What do you think? Have you
had any similar experiences? Please
write me care of CO.MPUTE!. @

128 COMPUTei December 1985

Telecomputing Today

Arlon R. Levitan

In Pursuit Of Lower Phone Bills

For months I'd been bugging a
friend about his reluctance to add a
modem to his home computer.
Then, while visiting a computer
store one day, I was busy inspecting
a surge protector designed to pro-
tect the surge protector I already
own when something caught my
eye. It was a modem that would
work with John's Commodore 128,
complete with software for only
$39.95. I walked over to him and
waved the modem package slowly
back and forth before his eyes for
maximum hypnotic effect.

"That sure is a good price for a
modem," John admitted. "But
wouldn't I end up paying at least
that much every month in phone
bills and information service
charges?"

He had me there. I recalled my
own introduction to telecomputing
and the trauma induced by various
bills totaling over a hundred dollars
for an uncontrolled spree of tele-
computing.

Node-To-Node Networking

Sound like a familiar complaint?
Now there's a solution. How would
you like unlimited access to hun-
dreds of computer bulletin boards
all over the country for a flat fee of
$25 a month?

If you live in the metropolitan
areas of Atlanta, Boston, Chicago,
Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston,
Los Angeles, New York, Philadel-
phia, San Francisco, or Washington
D.C., such a service is available. It's
called PC Pursuit, and it's marketed
by GTE Telenet, one of the giants of
the packet-switching business.

What's packet switching? It's a
system used daily by hundreds of
businesses that have centralized
computer systems linked to branch
offices in different cities. Rather
than leasing expensive data lines to
link each branch office to the cen-
tral computer, they call a local node
or connection point that hooks into

a special long-distance network.
The call is routed through the
packet-switching network to anoth-
er node that is local to the firm's
central computer.

The vast bulk of data traffic on
packet-switching networks occurs
during the business day. Although
the networks are also used by peo-
ple accessing commercial infor-
mation services during off-hours,
there's still a lot of extra capacity.
PC Pursuit is an attempt by GTE
Telenet to make productive use of
those idle resources. Here's how it
works:

Registered users call a special
access number via their modem and
computer. When the connection is
established, the PC Pursuit system
asks for their phone number, the
city they wish to call, and the
phone number they're trying to
reach. Next, the system discon-
nects, temporarily freeing the
phone line. Within 20 seconds, the
system calls back. The user re-es-
tablishes the modem link, and then
the system rings the number of the
BBS. If a computer answers, PC
Pursuit reports that the connection
is complete. It's as if the user had
directly called the remote computer
himself. While the process may
sound somewhat complicated, it ac-
tually requires only three pieces of
information from the caller, and
takes only about a minute.

A Few Limitations

For the most part, PC Pursuit works
well. 1 spent my first evening call-
ing BBSs in Los Angeles, Houston,
and Dallas that I had been limiting
my use of to keep my long distance
bill from resembling the national
debt. The quality of the connections
is quite good, and the few noisy
lines I've encountered can probably
be blamed on a poor local connec-
tion at either end of the telecomput-
ing link.

The cost savings can be signifi-

cant, especially if you're a heavy
user. I figured that the cost of mak-
ing all of my PC Pursuit calls for the
first month alone would have been
well over $200. Prospective users
must consider whether the one-
time $25 registration and monthly
$25 usage fees will actually save
money.

PC Pursuit does have its limi-
tations. You can use the service
only from a single, registered
phone number, typically the home
number your computer is connect-
ed to. The service is offered only
during Telenet's off-hours, from 6
p.m. to 7 a.m. Monday through Fri-
day, and on weekends from 6 p.m.
Friday to 7 a.m. Monday. Each PC
Pursuit connection can last only 60
minutes at a time (you can, however,
make multiple calls to the same
number).

Since it takes longer to make a
call and is a somewhat more com-
plicated process, it is more difficult
to use the redialing routines within
terminal programs to bust the busy
signals of the most popular bulletin
boards. And although PC Pursuit
tells you if the requested number is
busy, the actual call cannot be mon-
itored via a speaker on direct-con-
nect modems. That makes it
impossible to hear recorded mes-
sages informing you that a line has
been disconnected or its number
changed.

Also, packet switching reduces
the speed of the telecomputing link.
I clocked my average PC Pursuit
connection at just a little less than
1000 bps (bits per second), even
though I was using a 1200 bps mo-
dem. Things slow down even more
when transferring files with proto-
cols such as XMODEM — I clocked
the speed at 720-950 bps.

If you're interested in more
information, call GTE's bulletin
board at 1-800-835-3001. Or, if
you prefer to talk to a human, call
1-800-368-4215. ©

December 1985 COMPUTEt 129

Programming the Tl

C, Pegena

Christmas Graphics

this special Christmas program,
can only be typed in on a TI-99/4A
console.)

Try
(It

We Three Kings

100 REM WE THREE KING3

110 CALL CLEAR

126) T-375

130 CALL SDUND(2»T,4<?4, 2,39

2,6, 165, 8)
140 CALL CHAR ( 152, "00010103

03FF7F1F" )
150 CALL CHAR ( 133, "07070F1F

1C30304" )
160 CALL SCREEN(2)
170 CALL CHAR( 154, ■'e080C0C0

E0FFFEFS")
1B0 CALL CHAR( 155, "E0E0F078

1B0C0C02")
190 CALL CHAR(33, "0000000S1

5DF7F7e" )
200 CALL SOUNDtT, 440,2, 370,

6, 165, 9)
210 CALL CHAR(34, "020666606

06773F1 •■)
220 CALL CHAR (35, "000000004

0C0E0F" )
230 CALL SOUND (2tT, 392, 2, 33

0,6, 165, B>
240 CALL CHAR (36, "E0C0D2929

3333373")
250 CALL CHAR (37, "010701000

1010101")
260 CALL CHAR(38, "50F0C01B3

0G0B0B")
270 CALL CHAR(39, "010001030

70704" )
260 CALL CHAR(40, "F000B0889

5C86")
290 PRINT TAB( 10) ; " I "
300 CALL SaUND(T,330, 2, 196,

6, 163,9)
310 CALL CHAR (41 , "7B7B7BFBF

BFBFBFB" )
320 CALL CHflR(42, "8080B0E0F

CFSFBF")
330 CALL SQUND(T,370,2,311 ,

6, 123, 9)
340 CALL CHAR(43, "030307060

4010307" )
350 CALL CHAR (44, "90000020F

0F0F0F" )
360 CALL S0UND(T,39Z, 2, 31 1,

7, 123,9)
370 CALL CHAR(45, "030707070

70F0F0F" )
380 CALL CHAR (46, "B0C0C0C0E

0E0E0F")
390 CALL SOUND (T, 370, 2, 31 1 ,

6, 123,8)
400 CALL CHAR(47, "000008081

aiB3S39")
410 CALL CHAR (48, "F9F9F8F8F

9FDFDFC-')
420 CALL S0UND(2tT, 330,2, 19

6, 6, 165, B)
430 PRINT TAB { 10) ;CHR«(34)

440 PRINT TAB(B);"# » •/.&"
450 CALL CHftR(49, "F6E6E0400

89CFEFE")
460 CALL CHAR(50, "070707000

E0F01 ")
470 CALL CHAR(51 , "F0F0FBFC7

E7C391 1" )
4B0 CALL CHAR (52, "000000000

01C3FBF")
490 PRINT TAB(7)j"'( )t ■*■ , "
500 CALL CHAR (S3, "000000000

030FBFC" )
510 CALL CHAR(54, "000001030

707071B")
520 CALL CHAR(55, "1F9FCFC7E

7F3F9FC")
530 CALL 3aUND(2*T, 494, 2, 39

2,6, 165,8)
540 CALL CHAR(56, "F0F0E6F0E

0C3CF1F" )
550 CALL CHAR(57, "39190949E

1F1F9F9")
560 CALL CHAR(58, "FDFDFDFDF

DFDFDFD")
570 CALL CHAR(59, "7C0CE0FCF

FFFFFFF")
5B0 CALL CHAR (60, "000103030

383C7C7" )
590 CALL SDUND(T, 440,2, 370,

6, 165, 9)
600 CALL CHAR (61, "E7F3FBFCF

EFFFFFF")
610 CALL CHAR(62, "C0E6FE7E3

F1F8FC7")
620 CALL SOUND t2*T,392,2, 33

0,6, 165, B)
630 CALL CHAR<63, "070F003B3

F000F3F" )
640 CALL CHAR(64, "FFFFFF3F8

000FEFE" )
650 CALL CHAR(65, "B0C0C0D01

02C4C1C")
660 PRINT TAB(7) ; "-. /01 234

5"
670 CALL CHAR(66, "030307030

91C1F3F" )
680 CALL CHAR(67, "FCFEFFFFF

F1FC0CE" )
690 CALL SOUND (T, 330, 2, 196,

6, 165, 9)
700 CALL CHAR(68, "FCFEFFFFF

FIFC0CE" )
710 CALL CHAR(69, "000001010

1091939")
720 CALL BDUND<T,370,2,31 I,

6, 123, 8)
730 CALL CHAR(70, "7BF9F9F8F

BFCFEFF" )
740 CALL CHAR(71 , "FSF0E0C30

70F1F3F")
750 CALL aOUND(T, 392,2, 31 1 ,

5. 123.8)

760 CALL CHAR<72, "9F9F9F9F9

F9F9F9F")
770 CALL CHAR(73, "F9F9F9F1F

1F1F3F3" )
780 CALL SOUND<T,370,2, 31 1,

6. 123.9)

790 CALL CHAR(74, "FFFFFFFFF

FFF")
800 CALL CHAR(75, "E7E7E7EFE

F8707Z3" )

810 CALL 3DUND(2»T,330,2, 19

6, 6, 165, 8)
820 CALL CHAR(76, "FFFFFFFFF

FFFFFFF")
830 CALL CHAR<77, "ElF0FaFCF

CFEFEFE")
B40 CALL CHAR(78, "3F3F3F3F3

F3F3F3F")
850 PRINT TAB(6) I "6739: ; <->

?aABCD"
360 CALL CHAR<79, "FCFBF0E0C

0C1C1C3" )
S70 CALL CHAR (80, " 1B00B0808

" >
880 CALL CHAR(ai , "3F7F00007

FFFFFFF")
890 CALL CHAR(82, "FF930040C

0618101")
900 PRINT TAB(5) ; "EFBHl! JKL

nNOPQRS"
910 CALL S0UND(2«T, 392,4,33

0, 8, 165, 10)
920 CALL CHAR(83, "383878108

08")
930 CALL CHAR(S4, "79F9F9F9F

9710101" )
940 CALL CHAR(B5, "FFFFFFFEF

EFCFBF")
950 PRINT TAB<3) ; "TUVHHsLXL

YVIC\3"
960 CALL CHAR(86, "3F7F7F7FF

FFFFFFF")
970 CALL CHAR (87, "F3F3F3F3F

3F3F3F3" )
980 CALL SaUND{T,392,5,330,

9, 163, 11)
990 CALL CHAR(88, "636171717

07B7B7C")
1000 CALL CHAR(e9, "F7F7F7FC

FBFBFIEI" )
1010 CALL SOUND(2tT,440,4, 3

70,8, 147, 10)
1020 CALL CHAR(90, "C2a2B688

8080802")
1030 CALL CHAR(91 , "01010103

03070F1F")
1040 CALL CHAR(92, "FEFCFCFB

F8F8F8F")
1050 PRINT TAB(4> J ""^'LHWaL

bcdVeHf "
1060 CALL CHAR (93, "03030306

040C1BE")
1070 CALL CHAR(94, "07070707

07070703")
1080 CALL SOUND (T, 440, 5,370

, 9, 147, 1 1 )
1090 CALL CHAR(95, "F9F9F9F9

F9F9F9F9'')
1100 CALL CHAR(96, "F8F0F0F0

E0E4E4C4")
1110 CALL SOUND (2IT, 494, 3,3

92,7, 196,9)
1120 CALL CHARt97, "FCFCFCFC

FCFCFCFC" )
1130 CALL CKAR(98, "60000003

0F3F3F3F" )
1140 CALL CHAR(99, "3F3F1F00

a0ElFBFA" >
1150 PRINT TAB (4) ; "g_hLHi jL

NklmnQ"
1160 CALL CHAR ( 100, "C387flF3
F7F7F7F75")

130 COMPOTEI December 1985

1170

CALL CHAR < 101, "337373F

1630

CALL CHAR (126, "707070F

2160

CALL HCHAR(23, 16, 140)

3F3F3F3F3")

0F0F0F0FB">

2170

CALL HCHAR(23, 17, 141)

11S0

CALL SOUND (T, 494, 4, 392

1640

CALL CHAR(127, "FBFIFIE

2180

CALL HCHAR(23, 18, 142)

,8, 196, 10)

1E1E0E0E'')

2190

CALL HCHAR(Z4,6, 143)

1190

CALL CHAR ( 102, "F0F0E0E

1650

CALL CHAR ( 128, "FCFBF0F

2200

CALL HCHAR(24,7, 144)

0C0S0a")

0F0F0F0F")

2210

CALL HCHAR(24,B, 145)

1200

CALL CHAR (103, "2323636

1660

CALL HCHAR<22, 11, 127)

2220

CALL HCHAR<24, 10, 138)

3C3C3a3B3")

1670

CALL HCHAR(22, 12, 12B>

2230

CALL HCHAR(24, 11,146)

1210

CALL SOUNDd, 587,2,392

1680

CALL CHAR ( 129, "C0C0C0C

2240

CALL HCHAR<24, 12,143)

,6,247,8)

0C0C0C0C")

2250

CALL HCHAR(24, 13, 147)

1220

CALL CHAR C 104, "C4C6SE0

1690

CALL CHAR ( 130, "1F1F0F0

2260

CALL HCHAR(24, 15,148)

E0E0E0E9E")

F07070703")

2270

CALL HCHAR<24, 16, 149)

1230

CALL CHAR(105, "E7E7E7E

1700

CALL SDUND(T,440,2,262

2280

CALL HCHAR<24, 17, 150)

7E0E0E0ES")

,B)

2290

CALL SOUND(T/2,9999,30

1240

CALL SOUND<T, 523,2,370

1710

CALL CHAR (131, "0103030

)

,6,220,8)

303030303")

2300

CALL S0UND<2*T,392,2,2

1250

CALL CHAR! 106, "FCFCFCF

1720

CALL CHAR(132, "C0C0C0B

94,7, 165,9)

C000000F4">

0808")

2310

CALL S0UND(T,392,4,294

1260

CALL CHAR ( 107, "F2F2F2F

1730

CALL 30UND(2»T,392,a,2

,9, 165, 11)

2F2EA0404")

94,6, 196,8)

2320

CALL S0UND(2«T,392,2,2

1270

CALL SaUNE)<T,494,2,392

1740

CALL C0L0R(16, 16, 1)

94,7, 165,9)

,6, 196, B>

1750

CALL CHAR<133, "0E0C1C1

2330

CALL S0UND<T,Z94,2,247

1280

CALL CHAR{10a, "7F7FFCF

C3S3060E")

,6, 196,8)

CF0C1031F")

1760

CALL CHAR(134, "0000010

2340

CALL S0UND(2»T,392,2,2

1290

CALL CHAR ( 109, "BF0F1F1

103030307")

47,6, 165,8)

F1F9DBC38")

1770

CALL CHAR(135, "E0C0C0B

2350

CALL SOUND(T,330,2,262

1300

CALL SQUND(T,440,3,370

08")

, 6, 131,8)

,7,220,9)

1780

CALL HCHAR(22, 13, 129)

2360

CALL S0UND(2»T,39Z,2,2

1310

CALL CHAR(110, "F3F3F3F

1790

CALL CHAR(136, "7a7B3Cl

94.6, 196,8)

3F3F0F0F")

C0C030606")

2370

CALL aUUND(T,9999, 30)

1320

CALL CHAR (111," 9E9C9BB

1800

CALL CHAR (137, "6060404

2380

CALL S0UND(2tT,392,3,2

0B'')

0404")

47, 7, 165,9)

1330

CALL SOUND(T,494,3,392

1810

CAUL 3DUND(T, 392, 1,294

2390

FOR C-1 TO 15

,7,220.9)

.7,196,9)

2400

CALL COLOR(C, 16, 1)

1340

CALL CHAR(112, "070F1F3

1820

CALL HCHflR(2, 23, 156,3)

2410

NEXT C

F7F7F7E7C")

1B30

CALL VCHAR(4,2B, 158,5)

2420

CALL SOUND(T,392,4,247

1350

CALL CHftR(113, "F8F1E3C

1840

CALL HCHAR(4,26, 157)

,8,165,10)

7BE1B">

18S0

CALL HCHAR(5,2S, 157)

2430

CALL SOIJND(2«T,440,2,3

1360

CALL SOUND(T,440,3,370

1B60

CALL SOUND <2«T, 392, 0,2

70,6, 147,8)

,7,220,9)

94,6, 196,8)

2440

CALL SOUND(T,494,2,370

1370

CALL CHARd 14, "9C99830

1B70

CALL CHAR (138, "0303030

,7, 147,9)

70F1F3F7F")

10101")

2450

CALL S0UND(2*T,523, 1,3

I3S0

CALL CHARdlS, " 1F1F1F0

1S80

CALL CHAR(139, "8080808

92,5, 131,8)

00000707")

080B0C0C")

2460

CALL SOUND (T, 494, 1,392

1390

CALL a0UND<2tT,392,3,3

1890

CALL CHAR( 140, "0606030

,5,196,7)

30,7,247,9)

C0CiClC3C")

2470

CALL SOUND(2*T,440, 1,3

1400

CALL CHAR(116, "ESE5ES0

1900

CALL HCHAR(22, 14, 130)

92,6, 147,8)

0003B7C78">

1910

CALL HCHAR(22, 16, 131)

2480

CALL 9OUND(T,494,2,370

1410

CALL CHAR(117, "F4F4F40

1920

CALL CHARt 141, "0103070

,6,147,9)

0000C1C7C")

F0F0E0E0C")

2490

CALL S0UND(2*T,392,2,2

1420

CALL CHARdlB, ■•FFFFFF0

1930

CALL CHAR(142, "C0C08")

47,6, 196,8)

00000E0E")

1940

CALL aOUND(T, 294, 1,247

2500

CALL SOUNDCT, 392,3,294

1430

PRINT TAB{4) t "pqrU«tuv

,6, 196,8)

,7, 196,9)

Mxyi C "

1950

CALL CHAR(143, "303fl3C3

2510

CALL S0UND(2tT,392,2,2

1440

CALL CHAR(119, "3C3C3C3

C0E")

47,6, 196,8)

C3E3E3E3E")

1960

CALL CHAR(144, "0603030

2520

CALL SOUNDCT, 294,2, 196

1450

CALL CHAR ( 120, "C07F3F0

F0F070707")

.7, 123,8)

3")

1970

CALL S0UND<2»T,392,1,2

2530

CALL S0UND(2»T,392,2,3

1460

CALL SOUND(T,370,3,311

47,7, 165,9)

30, 6,131,8)

,7,123,9)

1980

CALL CHAR( 145, "0000000

2540

CALL SOUND(T,330,2,262

1470

CALL CHAR(121, "FFFEFEF

000e0C0E»)

,6, 131,9)

000010101")

1990

CALL CHAR(146, "0000a0C

2550

CALL SDUND(3«T,392,2,2

1460

CALL CHAR (122, "3830707

0E0E"]

94,6,247,9)

CALL COL0R(16, 12, 1)

0F0E0E0E")

2000

CALL CHAR ( 147, "E0F0703

2560

1490

CALL SaUND(3tT,330, 3, 1

B">

2570

CALL CaL0R(16, 16, 1)

94,7, 165,9)

2010

CALL HCHAR(22, 17, 132)

2580

CALL KEY(0,K,S)

1900

CALL CHAR (156, "FF")

2020

CALL HCHAR(22, IB, 133)

2590

IF S<1 THEN 2S60

1510

CALL CHAR(157, "0102040

2030

CALL CHAR(i48, "C0C0C0C

2600

CALL CLEAR

8102040B")

0F0783C1C")

2610

PRINT "HAVE A HAPPY HQ

1520

CALL CHAR (15B, "8080808

2040

CALL CHAR(i49, "3CiC0E0

LIDAY SEASON! ":::::

1530

08080808")

PRINT TAB(4) ( " 1 } " "

2050

707")

CALL SOUND(T, 330, 1,262

2620

END @

1540

PRINT TAB(4) ; " 1 "

,6, 131,8)

15S0

CALL HCHAR(2,27, 152)

2060

CALL CHAR(IS0, "lClCia0

1560

CALL HCHAR(3,27, 153)

a")

1570

CALL HCHAR(2,28, 134)

2070

CALL HCHAR(23,7, 134)

1580

CALL HCHAR(3,2a, 155)

2080

CALL HCHAR(23,8, 135)

1590

CALL CHAR ( 123, "FS7C7C3

2090

CALL HCHAR(23, 10, 136)

C3E1F1F0E")

2100

CALL HCHAR(23, 11, 137)

1600

CALL CHAR (124, "3030303
03030303")

2110

CALL SDUND(2»T,392, 1 ,2
94,6, 165,8)

1610

CALL CHAR(125, "FFFCFCF

2120

CALL HCHAR(23, 12, 124)

8F0F0E0E")

2130

GALL HCHAR«23, 13, 129)

1620

CALL SOUND (2tT, 370, 2, 2

2140

CALL HCHAR(23, 14, 138)

94,6,220,8)

2150

CALL HCHAR(23, 15, 139)

Decemtjsr 19S5 COMPUTEI 131

INSIGHT: Atari

Bill Wilkinson

The Hidden Power Of Atari BASIC

This month we're going to look at
good old Atari BASIC. For once,
though, I'm not going to talk about
its problems. Instead, I'm going to
tell you about a few of its many
virtues. If you've been reading my
column since it first appeared in the
September 1981 issue of compute!,
then some of this may seem repeti-
tive; but it's time to introduce new-
comers to some of this material.

Unfortunately, I am beginning
to see more and more poorly writ-
ten Atari BASIC programs. Gener-
ally, what happens is that someone
hot too well-versed in Atari BASIC
attempts to translate a program
from another computer's BASIC
and botches the job. The last straw,
for me, was a recently released
book which is full of CAI (Com-
puter Assisted Instruction) programs.
All the programs do much the same
thing, and all the programs
are. ..well, just a lot of work for so
little value.

Now, I'm all for using a com-
puter for drill and practice, even
though most of the educational
programs which do this are dull
and unimaginative (and often over-
priced). But even the plainest of
CAI programs can at least free up a
teacher or parent for 20 or 30 min-
utes while a student is checking his
or her knowledge. And if all you
want your CAI program to do is ask
questions and wait for a response,
then all such programs can be es-
sentially the same. So that's what
I'm going to give you this month: a
"formula" program for drill and
practice.

I also mentioned that we
would look at some of the virtues of
Atari BASIC, so let's do that first.
Among microcomputer BASICs,
Atari BASIC is nearly unique in its
flexibility in the use of GOTO, GO-
SUB, and RESTORE. Specifically,
each of these statements accept any
numeric expression as the line

number they reference. Combined
with Atari BASIC'S variable-name
flexibility, this means you can code
such oddities as:

GOSUB CALCULATEGROSSPAY

and

RESTORE 20000 + 10*CURRENTROOM

Most Atari BASIC books refer
to these capabilities briefly, if at all.
But there is some real hidden power
here, as we are about to find out.
Rather than belabor the point, let's
take a look at the accompanying
listing and analyze it a step at a
time.

Using Variables As Labels

Line 1010 is fairly obvious, so let's
start with lines 1060 to 1080. The
variables being set here are actually
going to be used as labels, the tar-
gets of GOTO and GOSUB state-
ments. The only thing you have to
be careful of with this method is
renumbering — some renumbering
utilities warn you when they en-
counter a variable being used as a
label, and some don't.

Now, after setting the DATA
pointer in line 1090, we get a line of
DATA, assigning the first byte to
the variable TYPE$. The action we
take next depends on what type of
line we got. We use an exclamation
point to indicate a screen clear is
needed, a colon for an extra blank
line, and a period to flag an ordi-
nary text line. In any of these cases,
we print the rest of the line and get
another one. If the type is an aster-
isk, the program halts. If the type is
a question mark, then it's time for
the student to answer.

At this time, let's look at the
DATA in lines 10000-10003. The
first line begins with an exclama-
tion point, so the screen is cleared
and it is printed. Then the colon
asks for a blank line before the next
line is displayed. Finally, the ques-
tion mark tells the program to ask

for a response. But what's the rest
of that funny stuff: 1 =,Y,0,10010?

Back at lines 1200-1260, you
can see that the digit (a 1 in line
10002) tells the number of possible
answers to the question, and the
next character indicates the type of
answer which is acceptable (the
equal sign here asks for an exact
match). The program then prompts
the user for an answer (the #16
suppresses the INPUT prompt) and
prepares to test its validity. The
loop in 1310-1360 checks each valid
answer against the user's response.

If an exact answer is needed,
even the length of the answer
counts, (Example: In line 10002, we
have allowed only a single exact
answer, the letter Y.) Another flag
indicates whether the valid answer
can be found somewhere in the
user's response line. Line 10012, for
example, passes any answer con-
taining the word GRANT (such as
MIGRANT WORKERS), so some
care is needed in using this type.
Finally, if none of the valid answers
matches the user's response, the
program falls through to lines
1400-1420.

So far, all this has been very
straightforward, and it would work
on almost any BASIC. Now comes
the tricky stuff. Look at line 1320,
where we READ numbers into the
variables GOSUBLINE and DATA-
LINE. What we're doing is estab-
lishing an action to take and a new
set of DATA to access if the user's
response matches a valid answer.
Similarly, in line 1420 we read val-
ues to be used if no valid answer is
given. Finally, the "magic" of this
program is revealed in lines 1510
and 1520.

If we READ a number other
than zero for GOSUBLINE, the pro-
gram actually GOSUBs to that
number. And, in any case, we
change the DATA pointer to the

132 COMPUTEl December 1985

new DATALINE. If you can't pre-
dict what happens if you answer
DUCK to the second question (be-
cause of the DATA in lines 10012-
10014), please type this progrann
and try it out.

Now, the real beauty of this
program is that it works with al-
most any kind of question and an-
swer session. It allows for multiple
choice questions (use a format like
?3=,A,0,100,B,0,100,C,0,200), true/
false, and so on. It provides for
special help if needed (via the GO-
SUBLINEs). And, last but by no
means least, it is expandable. You
could add many different statement
types, question types, or whatever
quite easily. And it's all made possi-
ble thanks to Atari BASIC.

Multiple Choice Quiz

DL 10190

KF 1010

II 1060

lil 1070

K 10B0
CC 1090

PL 1 100

n 1110

FJ 1120

DN 1 130

DC 1140

GK 1150

CE 1 160
6B 1 170
ON 1200

Jl 1210

DI 1220

PL 1230

KG 1Z40

DC 1250

FL 1260
08 1300

NF 1310
CK 1320

BL 1330

If 1340

CO 13S0

DL 1360
EI 1400

JA 1410

REM === INITIALIZATI
ON = = =

DIM LINE«( 120) , ftNS«
C20) , TYPE* { 1 )
INEXACT=-2000: EXAl:T = 2
100
MAINLOOP=1100:QUESTI

DN=1200

MATCHED=1300

RESTORE 10000:REM wh

ere we start

REM === THE MASTER L

OOP ===

READ LINES: TYPE*=LIN

E*

IF TYPE*="?" THEN 60

TO QUESTION

IF TYPE«=" I ■■ THEN PR

INT CHR* ( 1251 ;

IF TYPE«=":" THEN PR

INT

IF TYPE*="»" THEN EN

D

PRINT LINEt(2)

GOTO MAINLOOP

REM ==- PROCESS A QU

ESTION ===

DCNT = VflL (LINE* (2, 2) )

TYPE»=LINE» (3)

POSITION 2,20

PRINT CHRt (156> ;CHR*

< 156) ;

PRINT "VQur Answer ?

INPUT #16, LINE*

REM === PROCESS THE

ANSWER ===

FOR ANS=1 TO QCNT

READ ANS»,eOSUBLINE,

DATALINE

IF TYPE*="»" THEN GO

SUB INEXACT

IF TYPE*="»" THEN GO

SUB EXACT

IF HATCH THEN GOTO M

ATCHED

NEXT ANS

REM === ANSWER DOESN

'T MATCH -=»

REM (read error cond

itions and -fall thru

)

PO 1420

READ GOSUBLINE, DATAL

INE

SC 1500

REM === ANSWER MATCH

ED = = =

FF 15 10

IF GOSUBLINE THEN GO

SUB GOSUBLINE

CC 15 2 0

RESTORE DATALINE

a 1530

GOTO MAINLOOP

LD 2000

REM === INEXACT MATC

H ROUTINE ===

GK 2010

MATCH=0: ALEN=LEN(ANS

«)

SB 2020

SIZE=LEN(L1NE*) -ALEN

+ 1

AL 2030

IF SIZE<1 THEN RETUR

N

FOR CHAR=1 TO SIZE

SH2040

6L2050

IF LINE* (CHAR, CHAR+A

LEN-1)=ANS* THEN MAT

CH=1 : RETURN

CF 2060

NEXT CHAR

Y.i 2070

RETURN

EN 2100

REM === EXACT MATCH

ROUTINE ===

ED 2 1 1 0

MATCH=(ANS*=LINE*)

KF 2120

RETURN

KK 10000

DATA IReady to try

out this program?

KF 10001

DATA : (answer Y o

r N)

U 10002

DATA 71=, Y,0, 10010

FL 10003

DATA 0, 10000

FJ 10010

DATA lA tribute to

Groucho Marx:

CK 10011

DATA :HhQ is buried

in Grant's tomb?

I1H 10012

DATA ?2#, GRANT, 0, 10

040

HF 10013

DATA DUCK, 10020, 100

30

CJ 10014

DATA 10050,10060

IH 10020

REM special sound r

out i ne

KI 10021

FOR FRED=120 TO 20

STEP -10

C6 10022

FDR V0LUME=15 TD 0

STEP -0.5

ir. 10023

SOUND 0,FRED, 10, VOL

UME

J 10024

NEXT VOLUME: NEXT FR

EO

K\ 10025

RETURN

LE 10030

DATA 1 You sai d the

secret word !

LH 10031

DATA :You win *100.

W 10032

DATA «

KL 10040

DATA IGreat! You g

et thB consolation

PI 10041

DATA .prize of «50.

DL 10042

DATA t

LE 10050

REM raspberry

FK 10051

FOR V0LUME=15 TO 0

STEP -0.25

PK 10052

SOUND 0, 4, 80, VOLUME

;NEXT VOLUME

NJ 10053

RETURN

KH 10060

DATA ISorry. You 1

DATA « ®

m 10061

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December 1935 COMPUTE) 133

IBM Personal Computing

Donald B. Trivette

Diary Of A Home Application

Few of us appreciate how much
time and effort goes into successful
software. This month we're going
to take an inside look at one of
today's best-selling home programs
for IBM computers — Andrew Tobias'
Managing Your Money.

September 1982. Micro Educa-
tion Corporation of America (MECA)
looks for ways to enter the lucrative
personal computer market. A mar-
ket survey and analysis shows that
home users are interested in finan-
cial software. MECA decides to de-
velop a tutorial-type financial
program for the Atari and to em-
ploy a "big name" to promote the
product. Louis Rukeyser of Wall
Street Week is contacted; he gra-
ciously declines. Another proposal
goes to syndicated columnist Sylvia
Porter; no reply is received. MECA
looks for another name.

December 1982. Andrew Tobi-
as, author of the best-selling book
The Only Investment Guide You'll
Ever Need, agrees to provide his
name and guidance — for a percent-
age. (He too almost missed out
when his agent, unaware of the
potential profits, neglected to re-
turn MECA's calls. Eventually
MECA contacted Tobias directly.)

Tobias and Jerry Rubin, the
master programmer/designer and
president of MECA, meet to discuss
possibilities. They decide to devel-
op the product for the IBM PC,
which seems to be gaining momen-
tum in the market. The program
begins to evolve from the initial
concept of a tutorial with cartoon
characters and balloons of text to a
more serious program that can be
used to plan and record financial
transactions.

Steve Wagar, a recent Yale
computer science graduate, begins
writing a special computer lan-
guage called SEESAW (System Ele-
gantly Enmeshing Screens And
Worksheets) in which MYM will be
programmed. Spencer Martin, tak-

ing a year off between high school
and college to swim in the Olympic
trials, joins the programming team.
So does Jim Russell, a student at the
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.

Summer 1983. Rubin gleefully
demonstrates a screen to Tobias,
who, knowing nothing about com-
puters and programming, fails to
appreciate its significance. "My
God," he thinks, "six months and
all we've got is one or two screens
where I can type my name and a
few numbers."

Fall 1983. The project is far
enough along so that Tobias, using
a WordStar interface to SEESAW,
can write the help screens and com-
pose the program's text — a job that
eventually takes six months.

January 1, 1984. The goal for
the release of MYM slips by while
initial product testing begins in
Westport, Connecticut. A group of
20 people — some experienced com-
puter users, some not — are given
copies to take home. Later they are
invited to headquarters for a de-
briefing while Rubin, Tobias, and
others watch tensely through a
one-way mirror, suppressing the
urge to pound on the wall and yell,
"No, you idiot, not that key, the
other key!"

MYM takes shape as an inte-
grated financial program with nine
sections or chapters. Chapter 1 is
for new users who know nothing
about computers; Chapter 2 is a
reminder pad; Chapter 3 is a budget
and checkbook; Chapter 4 is an in-
come tax estimator; Chapter 5 is for
insurance planning; Chapter 6 is a
calculator; Chapter 7 is a portfolio
manager; Chapter 8 is a net worth
summary combining data from the
other chapters; and Chapter 9 is a
comprehensive index.

March 19, 1984. Tobias ap-
pears on the Today show to intro-
duce MYM and the first 300 copies
are shipped to dealers. A bug is

uncovered and MECA replaces all
300 copies at its own expense. An-
other bug is uncovered and 500
copies are replaced. A WATS line
with 12 customer support people is
set up to answer questions and help
users. MECA continues to improve
MYM and to provide free updates to
registered owners.

Summer 1984-Spring 1985.
Tobias travels more than 60,000
miles promoting MYM in software
stores, at trade associations, and on
radio and TV talk shows. The pro-
gram gets good reviews and IBM
markets a cartridge version for the
PCjr.

Summer 1985. Starting with a
wish list compiled from customer
suggestions, MECA begins work on
version 2.0 — a major update. Rubin,
Marrin, Russell, and four new pro-
grammers add 75 enhancements.
Rubin and Russell spend weeks on
an option to make the fiscal year
different from the calendar year;
Tobias writes an expanded 15,000-
word manual. MECA engages a
software-testing company which
generates more than 120 Trouble
Reports that ultimately have one of
three resolutions: Already Fixed; To
Be Fixed; and Not a Bug After All.
The testing costs more than
$50,000.

October 1985. Andreio Tobias'
Managing Your Money version 2.0
ships to dealers. Current owners
who signed up for the newsletter
and warranty plan ($40/year) re-
ceive the update free. Other regis-
tered owners can purchase the
update for $50.

fMYM 2.0 lists for $199.95 and
requires an IBM PC or compatible
with tivo disk drives and at least 192K
of RAM; IBM markets version 1.0 in
cartridge form for the Enhanced Model
PCjr at the same price. MECA, 285
Riverside Avenue, Westport, CT
06880.) ©

134 COMPUTE! December 1985

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In lad, y/e've found that a good diskette manufacturer
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number HS5C, or get the same with TOP DOS 1 .5 instead of DOS XL for just $21 4.95 order number HS7C. If you
already have the 1 050 ENHANCEMENT you can get the HAPPY 1 050 CONTROLLER and WARP SPEED DOS XL
for $74.95 order number HXL9C, or get the HAPPY 1 050 CONTROLLER and TOP DOS 1 .5 for just $84.95 order
number HTD9C. For other specials and dealer pricing call (408) 779-3830.

All prices include UPS slitpping in USA, ,idd $10.00 for sliipmenl outside USA. California residents add sales tax. No extra charge for credit cards or COD, VISA or
MASTERCARD accepted. Our loll free number is an order taking service, notour line. To ORDER ONLY call (800) 538-8157 outside California, or (800) 672-3470
inside California, ask for extension 81 7 and have your credit card, part number and quantities ready. Toll free hours 6 am to 1 2 pm Mon.-Fri., 8 am to 8 pm Sat. &
Sun., Pacific Time. For answers to questions call HAPPY COMPUTERS at our number below. Office hours 9-5 Mon.-Fri. Pacific Time,

HAPPY COiVIPUTERS, INC. * P.O. Box 1268 * Morgan Hill, CA 95037 * (408) 779-3830

CAPTURE

presenting . . .

A NEW WAY TO UNLOCK THE POWER OF YOUR 064 OR C128*

• CAPTURE IS A CARTRIDGE THAT PLUGS INTO YOUR COMPUTER'S EXPANSION PORT.

• CAPTURE DOESNOTHING — UNTIL YOU PRESS ITS CAPTURE BUTTON. UNTIL THEN, A

RUNNING PROGRAM CANNOT DETECT ITS PRESENCE.

• CAPTURE THEN TAKES CONTROL — NO IFS, ANDS OR BUTS — AND PRESENTS A MENU.

• CAPTURE WILL NEATLY SAVE EVERYTHING IN YOUR COMPUTER TO YOUR 1541 OR

COMPATIBLE DISK DRIVE — ALL 64K OF RAM, CPU, VIC AND SID CHIP
REGISTERS — EVERYTHING. IN EASY TO VIEW CHUNKS,

• CAPTURE WILL, IF YOU WANT, PRE-CONFIGURE YOUR COMPUTER'S RAM SO THAT

ONLY MEMORY ALTERED BY YOUR PROGRAM NEED BE SAVED.

• CAPTURE WILL WRITE A BOOT ON YOUR DISK SO YOU CAN RELOAD AND BEGIN

EXECUTION RIGHT WHERE YOU LEFT OFF.

• CAPTURE DOES ALL THIS AT A COST OF JUST $39.95

BUT HERE'S THE BEST PART

• CAPTURE WILL MAKE AN AUTO-START CARTRIDGE OF YOUR PROGRAM. IT'S EASY!

JUST FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS ON THE SCREEN. NOW PLUG IN YOUR
CARTRIDGE AND TURN ON YOUR COMPUTER. IN LESS THAN TWO SECONDS
YOUR PROGRAM BEGINS AGAIN AT PRECISELY THE POINT WHERE YOU
CAPTURE'D IT, MAGIC!

BESIDES CAPTURE, YOU NEED A promenade CI AND A SUPPLY OF CPR3
CARTRIDGE KITS.

ORDERING INFORMATION

• CAPTURE CARTRIDGE — COMPLETE WITH INSTRUCTIONS $ 39.95

• promenade ci — eprom programmer with disk software 99.50

• CPR3 CARTRIDGE KIT — PC BOARD, CASE AND 3 EPROMS 29.95

• OR— EPROM ERASER, TWO AT A TIME, 3 TO 10 MINUTES 34.95

• STARTER SET — CAPTURE, promenade CI AND 1 CPR3 149.95

• DELUXE SET — CAPTURE, promenade ci , dr and 2 cpr's 199.95

SHIPPING AND HANDLING — USA: UPS SURFACE $3.00

BLUE LABEL $5.00 NEXT DAY AIR $13.00

CANADA: AIR MAIL $7.00 OTHER FOREIGN AIR $12.00

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS ADD APPLICABLE SALES TAX
COD ORDERS, USA ONLY, ADD $3.00

C64 AND C128 TM COMMODORE ELECTRONICS, LTD. 'WHEN OPERATING IN 64 MODE

TO ORDER: TOLL FREE 800-421-7731 TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND 408-287-0259

FROM CALIFORNIA 800-421-7748 FROM OUTSIDE THE US: 408-287-0264

MB

JASON-RANHEIM

580 PARROT STREET
SAN JOSE, CA USA 95112

PARTS / SERVICE FOR ATARI*COMPUTERS

Flal Semce flafes Below Include Parts i Labor, 60-Day Warranty

SOO Compuiei Repaii SJ9 50 81 D Disk Diive Repair S?9-50

8S0 InlertacB Repair S19 50 800XL Computer Repair , . S<9,50

eOOXL Computer RepJir , S49 50 10S0 Disk Drrrt Repair S85 00

1 2aO)(t Campulei flepsir S49 60 BOO KeyboariJ Repair $35 00

Above uniis repaired or eactiangetJ wrtri rebuildatHe excriange Include S7.00 return stiippirg and

insurance

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS BARE BOARDS

GTIAChip-COUSOS

upgrade wiih insi;ucTions ill 50 With parts lists

\ OK Re* B OS UpgtaiJe - for 400/800 SSO IHTEflF*D£ BOARD S16.51I

3-Criip ROM set With instiuclons - SIOOO Build youi own mitrlace!!

C0\2ZU 58 50 81 0 Analog Board .... S3. 50

C012296 S9 5D 81 0 Sear Board S5 00

loulll lllo DISK DRIVES. El,:.

C01 0 ? 45 sTo 00 > 1 0 Ciillom Dlik Drin iUiM

COlOJiO S9 50 BSD Cuilom IntwHa SJ4.5D

Replacement BlODiiveMecrt J7000

MODULES/CIRCUIT BOARDS Replacement iranslormef loi 800/400.

comple„wi,hlC's 8mj6''o'oVn''o«'°'° *''""

IfiKRAMI^emoryHoaole 0X853 SI 5 00 T^e So^N^ "5 DO

Z«™?p7rR'f.''r.fm l\ll°. sXerS^Manoal ^''^

ITZZT""""'" iiifo '°Re'r?°"'""' '^ni

Z^rCvBoard i?S?S '--*-«- i^"

810 Data Separator Board

upgrade «iiii instructions JZ5 00 SOFTWARE

a 1 0 Side Board */o Set Siir71. S43.5D Basrc CartrrOge S150O

810 Rear Power Board J25.0D Edrtor/Assembler S15 00

810 Analog Board S16 00 Q'Bert Canndje tlZ50

BIORearBoardJAnalogSoardUpgfade Popeye Cartni^e $1250

with 1 0 pin lumper KindercompCart $1000

and instrici ions $37 50 Buck Rogers Can S7 50

800 Ok Board Set $65 00 Jum[» jet Pilot $10 00

81 Q Board Set J99 50 Crosslrre Can $5 00

800 48K Board Set $79 50 Ctircken Canrrdge $5 00

AMERICAN TV — 415.352-3787

Mall Order and Repair ......... 15338 Invamess St,. San Leandro, CA 94579

Retail Store 1988 Washington Avenue. San Leandro, CA 94577

Terms We accept money orcJcfS, persoflal checks or C 0 0 ^ - VISA. MasierCard okay on

orders over J20 00 No personal checks on C 0 D

Shipping J4 oa shipping and handling on orders under SI 50 OD Add $2 00 'o' C 0 D orders

Caiitoinia iresidenis if»ciu>ije ^'"7^1 sa^$ nt Overseas sriipping extra

Prices subieci 10 change wnhou! nonce We reserve ine nflht to iimt quantiiies Sales limited to

stock en hand Foreign snippir^g Exira

Much mora/

Sen* SA SE tor tret price Ust. ' Atari is a f egjstered trademark of Aian Corp

Copv Atari 400/SOO/XL SeHAa Cartridges to Disk
and run tham from a Menu

ATARI CARTRIDGE-TO-DISK COPY SYSTEM $69.95

Supercart lels vou .copy ^iVl' cartiidgo for iho Alan dOO^8O0/XL SefiGS lo diskeUe. and ihereafier run ii
Uoni v^uf disk drive. En\av Ihe convenience Of selflcnng your lawonte games froin jj 'rnenu screen"
raiher ihan swapping cantidges m anO oul ot your cnrnpuier Each c^jni^tlgi? cociefJ bv S JoeiCan; lunig
thons euscTff Me ihf origmitl SupftfCflrt intiiudPSi
- DISKETTE vwlh

COPY PROGflAW Cop<ss tht cjntidye m n dukeiw <up to B carififlaBi wiPl fil on one diak.l
MENU PflOGflAM AuiomdlicalEv 'uns and displays d memu pfiOmprmg utat lor a ONE
kev^^'oke jvlecdon of any cdniidgflon |ti« ijisk
♦ CA M T R I D G E

"Tiicks" The compuler inlo thinking that Ihe ortgifiBl "copy proiecled" cariridge r^as been
rnierlKl,
To date there t^ave befin no pioblems dupiicsvng and running all of the protecled cartridges itnat W9
know of Mowevfif. FflONTRUNNERcsnnot guarantee iHeope'slion of alHuiureMrtr.dcfls Supeican j^
user-ff lenijSv Bs-hJ SJmpJe to use and requires no modrtications of /Our nardware PlflATE'S TAKE NOTIE:
SUPEflCART is noi intended fOr illegal coovmg and or distntigTion of CODv'ighlM software Sony'"
SYSTEM REQUIREMtMTS:
Atari 400800 or XL SififJi ConDi,jt<;r JSK Mfmorv ■ Qne Diit Drive
Available at vou ( CompulGr slore or direct Irnm fROrjTRUf'JN£R i( -■"-I I -' INQUIHIFS E rJCUUPI AtSf U
TOLL FREE ORDER LINE: QA Hrsl 1-B0O-Ma-*7«0/ln Nevaijj or for qufistions CalJ (TWJ ^W-WW
PersGua! cr^ecks allcjw 2-2 wrrtki TO ckar ly/C i^d VISA aecepfed

Include JJ 50 IS? 50 FofUigni orders) fc snipping,
FRONTRUNNER COMPUTf R IIVDUSTRIES
316 California Ave.. Sude*?!?. Reno. Nevada 8S509 (7021 7664600

Otlters Make Claims. . SUPEflCART /rwi(.es cop^ei'"

To receive additional
information from

advertisers in this issue,

use the handy reader

service cards in the

back of the magazine.

WHITE HOUSE COMPUTER

P.O. Box 4025, Williamsport, PA 17701

"Where Prices Are Born, Not Raised"

TOLL FREE 1-800-351-3442

PA CALL 1-717-322-7700

— PA Residents FREE Shipping —

[MONDAY- FRIDAYS AM - 6 PM
VISA & MC ACCEPTED 4%

I POLICY: No deoos'T oi^ COD orders Free treigrit on ji- prepa.d casri
orders over S300 in Ihe conlrnenlal USA APC & FPC add S5 00 per
hundred For priority maii add S8 00 per fiundred PA residents add 6=^

I sares laK Delectve products r^usl tiave Prior RA number Schools net l 5

PRINTERS

EPSON

RX 60
RX 100
JX80

Fxes

FX 185

LO 1500 PAR

LO 1 500 SEfl

LX 80

Homewriter

Comreii 220 Atari

Comrex 220 Comm

LX90

SO 2000

DX lODaisywtieel

DX 20 DaiSy^w^^e0i

HS80 Letleriel

ATARI
XTM 201

)ac20i

XDM 121
XMMSOI
STC 504
STD 121
SMM 601

CITIZEN

MSP 10
MSP 15
MSP 20
MSP 25

209 00
369 00
4 79 00
345 00
499 00
979 00

1039 00
222 00
209 00
199 00
199.00
24E00

1525.00
235.00
319 00
35900

99 95
109 95
209 95

1 33 95
219 95
279 95

275.00
450 00
450-00
575 00

OKIDATA

Okimate 10 179 95

182 219 95

84 640 96

X92 349.95

193 S2S95

COMMODORE
MPS 80' 125,00

802 199 95

S03 165 95

DPS 1101 295 95

STAR MICRONICS

SG-10 210.00

SG-15 379 00

SDIO 321.95

SDI5 450 00

SR-10 485 00

SR-15 585 00

Powerlvpe 307 00

LEGEND

1 380 S59.9S

1385 593.95

1080
308

1090
1091
1092
1093
3151

PANASONIC

199.95
159-95

187 00
231.00
385 00
425 00

455 00

INTERFACES

BSOIAtarrI 108 95

UPnnl/port 4 9 95

UPrinl/16k BuHer ...69.95
UPrinl.'6'lk Bufler 89 95

Cardco G 39 95

G-Wii 48.95

Apple Dumpling GX.-, 59. 95

PRINTER PAPER
2500 Sheets

Laior Edge 24.95

1000 Shis Lszor 14 95

500 Stils, L.i.-or 9 95

Color Paper
Assorted Pastels
2500 Shis Lazor 42 95

1000 Shia Uazor 23 95

500 Shis L.T.'ri 14 95

SOFTWARE

Print Shop 28 95

Graphics Libraryl. . . 17,50
GraphicsLibraryll. . 17.50

VIDEO CASSETTE

RECORDER

S279.00

DISK DRIVES

ATARI

Indus GT 209.95

1050 155.95

Happy 1050 313.95

Happy Enhancer 160 95

MSD Dual 459 00

C-64
Indus GT.

1541
1ST1
1573

1M.D0

195 00
?4995
37 5 95

n^ODEMS

CI 650

C-1670 300.' 1200

MPP 1064

Tele Learning

Hayes 300

Hayes 1200

Wriey Wo

Westndge

CompuServe

MiCro SliJtier

MPP1000E

54 95

18595

54 95

39 95

149 95

385 95

59 95

59 95

19.95

95 95

.69.95

DISKETTES

SKC

SS DD
OS'OD

BONUS

SSDD
OS.'DD

MAXELL

MD 1
MD2

10 95
14 95

9 50
13 50

1595
2095

MONITORS
ZENITH

122 A

123 G
AMOEK
300 G
300 A

Color 300 ....
Colcr SOO
Color 600
Color 700
Color 710
310A
ATARI
XC 141
SM 124
SC 1224
TEKNIKA
MJ 10

MJ-2Z RGB...
SAKATA

SC too

196.00
198.00

.119 00

129 00

. 1S5.9S

339 00
399 00
469 00
539 00
145 00

199 95
135 95
335 95

175.95
. 249.95

COMMODORE

C-1702

C 1902 RGB

C 1901

1S5 95
259 95
129 95

COMPUTERS

COMMODORE

C-64

C-12S

ATARI

800 XL
130 XE
520 ST WorochrianiO

S More
520 ST Color RGB

a More

139 96
275 95

39 95
139 95

CALL

140 COMPUTEI December 1985

MUST LIQUIDATE ^Z^T

TOTAL Personal computer system

Factory Reconditioned with
Factory Warranty!

Carries easily
as a suitcase!
Plugs into 115V outlet

Sorry, we're not permitted to PRINT the famous brand-name,
BUT, we CAN "tell all" if you call us TOLL FREE: l'800-Z28-0609!

THE COMPUTER

Snap-on cotnpuler ksybaardl 64K RAM. 20K ROM. Full-
size typewriter keyboard. Upper and lower case
letters, numerals, symbols, reverse characters. 2
cursor control keys. 4 (unction keys, programma-
ble to 8. Music synthesizer with 3 independent
voices, each with 9 octave range. Input/output ports
accommodate . . . user, serial. ROM cartridge, (oy-
sticl(s. external monitor, phone modem.

Built-in disk drivel Intelligent high speed unit with
SVi" floppy disk recorder. 170K formatted datastor-
age: 35 tracks, 16K ROM. Uses single sided, single
density disk. Serial interface. Second serial port to
chain second drive or printer.

flullt-Jn color morilor I Displays 40 columns x25Iines
of text on 5" screen. High resolution. 320 x 200 pix-
els. 16 background, character colors.

Built-in ROM cartridge porti Insert ROM program car-
tridge. Multitude of subjects available m stores
across the nation!

Originai List Price ^995.00

$'

Uquidation

Priced

At Only

Item H-764-63631-0OShip. handling: S2O.0O

388

THE PRINTER

Print mettiod: Bi-directional impact Bot matrix.
Cliaracter matrix: 6 x 7 dot matrix.
Characters; Upper and lower case tetters, numerals
and symbols. All PET graphic characters.
Graphics: 7 vertical dots — maximum 480 columns.
Dot addressable.
Cliaracter codes: CBM ASCII code-
Print speed: 60 characters per second
filaximum columns: 80 columns-
Character spacing: 10 characters per inch.
Line feed spacing: 6 lines per inch in character mode
or 8 lines per inch selectable. 9 lines per inch in
graphics mode.

Line feed speed: 5 lines per second in character mode.
7.5 lines per second in graphics mode.
Paper feed: Friction feed.
Paper widlli: 4.5' to 8.5' width.
Multiple copies: Original plus maximum ot two copies.
Dimensions: 13"W x 8"D x 3V4"H. Wt.: 6'/? lbs. Power:
120V AC. 50 Hz,

Original Ust Price: *200.00

Liquidation

Priced At

ItBin H-764-6368T-00 Ship, handling: S7.00

ms

THE SOFTWARE

"Easy Seripl" One of the most powerlul word pro-
cessors at any price! Cut re-typing, create docu-
menls (fom standard paragraphs, do personalized
letters, see and change a document before it is print-
ed. Instruction manual has extensive training sec-
lion that simplifies use . . . even for someone who
has never used a computer or word processor before!

"The Manager" A sophisticated database manager
for business or home use. Business uses: accounts
payable/receivable, inventory, appointments, task
manager. Home uses: mailing lists, home inventory,
recipes, collection organizer, investment tracking,
checkbook baSancing. School uses: research arti-
cle index, gradebook.

Original List Price: * 73.98
Liquidation Price

Hem H-7B4-6401 1 03 Ship, hsndiing: 93,00

BUY INDIVIDUAL UNITS OR

GET THIS ULTRA-FAMOUS

SYSTEM AT ONE LOW

PACKAGE PRICE!

TOTAL Personal Computer System
available at FAR BELOW dealer cost!

$24

Compatible with above Computer System (Not included in package price.)
JOYSTICKS (Set of 2) 64K MODEM (Fict«yRK«diti«i«d«/wirr>iitr)

Mfr. List: $59.90 pr. {lO Mfr. List: * 124.95 $1Q
I %M or. Liquidation Price I W

Uquidation Price . , ■ W pr

lt6mH-764-63622-01 S/H: S6.00 pr

Liquidation Price

Item H-764-e3646-01 S/H: S4.00

Original List Price

TOTAL
PACKAGE
PRICE

$

n,293.00

488

Hem H-7e4-64011-02 Ship, handling: $24.00

Cradit cftrd rnvmban can order by phono,
24 houra 1 day. 7 d<y> n wsak.

Toll-Free: 1-800-328-0609

Your check is welcomflj

No dalayt whwi you pay by checkt

C.O.M.B. 00/

I Authorized Liquidator

14605 28TH AVENUE NORTH
rullNNEAPOLIS. iVIirjNESOTA 55441-3397

■ SEND ME THE ITEr^^S I HAVE LISTED BELOW

I Prrce subjact lo change aflor SO (Jays SaloB outside

contiiental U.S. are subject to special conditions.
I Please call or write XO inquire.

Item No.

Item

TOTAL

Price

S/H

C.O.M.B. CO,® lt*imH-764

14606 28th Avfl. N./MlnneapDli«, MN 66441-3397

Send the items indicated at left. [Minnesota residents add 6%
sdlies tan. Ptaa&e' altow 3-4 weeks delcv^ry. Sorry, no C ODJ
.7. My check or money order is enclosed. [No delays in process-
ing orders paid by check, thanks lo Tel eC heck I
Charge: . I MasterCard" .~. VISA
Acct. No. .^ , ^_ ^ Exp.

PLEASE PRJNT CLEARLY
Nan\Q

Sign here -

From stocking-stuffers to gifts
that'll light up their eyes, Computer Warehouse
is the place to shop. You'll know you're getting
the lowest prices: just see the list below and
compare!

And even Santa couldn't get your order out
faster! So call our hotline today, and wrap up
your gift list at Computer Warehouse.

PRINTERS

StarSG-10 ... 224.00

SG-10C 239.00

Panasonic 1091 . . 259 00
Axiom Elite 5 (daisy wheel) 249.00

Okidalal82 269.00

Legend 808 179 00

HARDWARE

WYSE PC

100% IBM Compatible

256K

2-360 K Drives

3-1/0 Ports

2-Exp Slots

Commoaore64

1541 Disk Drive

1702 Monitor

803 Printers

803 Tractor Feed , .

Modem 300/1660 , . , .

Power Packs

llOl Printer (daisy wheel)
C-128 . ,

1571 Disk Drive

1670 Modem

1902 Monitor

Amiga

1010 Recorder

1050 Disk Drives

Atari 800XL

Atari 130XE

SI, 550
139.00
164 00
169 00
139.00
29.95
. 79.95
. 29.95
329,00
Call
. . Call
. . . Call
. . Call
. Call
. 39 95
165.00
. 89,00
149.00

MONITORS

Sakata 13" Color . .
Zenith 13" Green .
Zenitti 13' Amber
USI 12- Green

179 00

. 89.00

. 99 00

79 00

MODEMS

Westridge 6420 69.96

MPP1064 79 95

Total Telecommunications. 39 95
Mighty Mo 79 95

DISK DRIVES

Indus GT

MSD Single

MSD Dual

249 95
289 95
499 95

SOFTWARE

Commodore

Pfinlshop 34 95

Graphics Library , . 24 95

FastLoad 29.95

Eleel System 2 69,95

ZorkI [l.lll 29 95

Training Kit (C-64 Tutorial) . . 19.95

Wordpto3&64 39.95

Exodus Ultima 111 39,95

Rescue on Fractolus 29.95

Atari

Atariwriler 24.95

Timewise 24.95

Visicalc 24.95

SynFile 49.95

SynStock 49.95

SynTrend 49.95

Paperclip 54.95

DISKETTES
(10 -PACKS)

Generic Disks DS/DO 10.00

SKCSS/SO ... 13.95

SKCSS/DD 15-95

Elephant SS/SD 16.95

Elephant SS/DD ,. 19 95

Elephant DS/DO 24 95

Elephant Premium SS/DD 21 95

Maxell SS/DD 22.95

Maxell DS/DO 29.95

Bonus SS/DD (n-Pack) . 12 95

ACCESSORIES

Floppiclene Head Cleaner ,14 95

fJumeric Keypad 34,95

Monitor Cables 9.00

6 foot I/O Cable 9.00

Paper-(IOOOStiEets) .... 18.00

Joysticks 7.95

Surge Suppressor 6 outlet w/

6ft cord Emz/Rfi filter .. 49.95
Diskcover 35 (Storage Box) 5 95
Printer Stand 19.95

• We also carry a lull line of
Hardware, Software, Covers. Printer
Ribbons. Cables. Labels. Storage
Cases for most popular computers
Call for new titles & prices.

COMPUTER
WAREHOUSE

(In FL) 305-274-3680; 1-800-372-0214
7222 S.W. 117th Avenue,
Miami, FL 33183

Adfl 3°o IS3 mirMmum) Icr shipping and
handling charges FPO s& APO'sand
overseas subject to additional ship-
ping charges. Ad prices reflect 3°
cash discount. Credit card orders
should add 3°Li. Prices and
availability suSieciio
change withou! noiice

Your 5'i' single side disks are usable on tfie
ottier side You paid for one side, why not use
theotfier IT'S FREE!

Nibble Notch will open your new disk. It's
easy, won't harm existing data. Try it'

nibble no)l<ch i nibble notch ii

For Apple, Franklin,

Commodore & Atari

(w/Atari Drives),

square notch

only

DISK OPTIMIZER II

Apple II Series Software

Pro DOS • DOS 3.3 • Pascal

Examines your new disk, locks out
bad sectors and certifies it 100%
ERROR-FREE in 30 seconds or less'
Also cfiecks drive speed, .and more!

QUALITY DISKERES
low as

For all ottier
computers; square
notcli & index tiole

*21—

'add S2 ($B frgn)
forP&H Fl Bes
add S% Sales Tai

Toll Free 1-800-642-2536

computer products

FL 1-305-748-3770

OR SEND CHECK OR
MONEV ORDER TO

4211 NW 75th TEHRACE,»DEPT. 6 62 LAUDERHILL, FL 33319

,^ip> Professiona L^^

^^ HANDICAPPING SYSTEMS ^^

• PRESENTED 1^' PROiLSSOR JONES •

^W

GLD. Ttioroughbred "Gold" Edition'"

A Till iMlur^O IhoiougtitireO asialy5:S designed lOf W piOlCSSiCnal arw
IW iCLOus noKt S1S9.9S comalele

EGLD. Enhanced "Gold" Edition™

"Go(i3' EOiMA Tiniti aynpieie Mkib" BeniK™ sy^Tcm negraiEC onro tre samE
osK Tdis powerful jxogfain wil if3ns?sr an ho.'seii afin scwesto irse mi anajysis
wiin a strgle ^eysirohe [Waster feiiiii '" ineiiried) S19t.95 csmaieie

GLTD. Limilfid "Gold"^"

E r^:) cs Proteiiional Handicippen to assgri soeCDc values !o tne rjor^ ^at-
i3Dies !fey f«' ars nMtJfi! Create pfogram wcpgril Cased ornBslicuHt
irart anij line June rt lor mulmum *n wcen!jge Trus pjogrjm is !}eSiCl''6a'
lar ease qT use The u^er nteds no piogrimming nporlonca.

[contains IrtiegraTed 6etto''"i S299.95 raii^ete

GD. Gold Dag Analysis^"

Trt^ ONLY pfofliKSiQnai gieynounc a^iafysrs ff^atfabie thai evaiistes all
viiMM S149.95 w/inieurated Beiior S1W-95

Limiiea Versicn $Z99.95

i^

MHH. Master Harness

Handicapper^"

=''tl?s$:Dn3i scttAsre aesignefl lo ppo-^ide a thorougfi anal/sis at aii trotter iin

3ai:er races 'n ^orrh Amerrca and Canadi S159-K compJete

S199,95 A/in^ratea Qenor Limnied SZ99.95

Professor Pix FoDJbaEI"'

Comcieie STATisrrCAL awlvsis on Data Bue aiiwroj Oeygnjiea cre-.^ous

jafn« 10 M sviiuated SraTisucai Sfrtes 499.95

wfWin-LOsS Powgr Ratng'i $149.95

IBM'"

APPLE™

TRS-80'"

CPM'-

COMMODORE'"

Prof. Jones

1940 W. State St.
Boise, ID 83702

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LOT. Lottery Analysis™

Slalisrical compariKn pro^fam desgned to (telecl suliTJe patrejns in winning

numbers anfl digits Lonery 0-4 digil) S79,95

w/Lotlo IMax. 99 Oigill S99.95

PC-3 Portalile Computer (4k) .MncnciceoiThorDugBDisi cre,

ncunj c^ 'lons''*" $249. 9S (Induces porlaDie ccmixjter and progism l

M-100 Portable (2lll() fc'mocto'Tnoraijntnetl.Orevtioiinil. ptTrnter

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BROCHURE AVAILABLE

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sonal ctlECks t CasJl pnce only
siJd2'^Vsa. MC I Prices suij.
lect to cnatiqe

Finally, something Apple and IBM owners

can a^ee on:

The Sider" 10MB hard disk ^^'J:z.

Decisions, decisions. First you had to
choose bet\\'een Apple and IBM. Now you
have to decide which hard disk subsystem
to purchase-and they all seem about the
same. Bui are Ihey?

First Class Peripherals can make your
hard disk decision a lot easier. Because
whether vou use an Apple il + or I le ... or
IBM PC* or XT... we offer a Sider 10 MB
hard disk subsystem just right for all your
storage needs.

The most reliable, affordable
10 MB hard disk on the market

The Sider features state-of-the-art Vi'in-
chester disk technology Direct booting
without floppies. Self-contained power sup-
ply And compatibility with the most pop-
ular Apple or IBM software.

In addition, the Sider is [)hig and
play. E\'erything you need for quick, easy
installation is included: cable, host adapter,
software and manual.

Built to last by Xebec

The Sider has won rave re\'iews for its

•Musi comaiit hard disk ROM.

from First Class Peripherals

performance and reliability That's be-
cause it's manufactured exclusively for
First Class Peripherals by Xebec, the in-
dustry's le-ading manufacturer of computer
disk drives and controllers. And it's sold
direct to you, so there are no dealers or
distributors to hike up the cost-
Full guarantee and
free tech hotline

You can choose your Apple or IBM Sider
with confidence. Simply order and use your
Sider for 15 days. If you're not 100%
satisfied, return it for a full rehind. Keep it,
and you'll enjoy a full one-year limited
warranty. . . plus access to our toll-free hot-

line, should you ever have a technical or
service question.

It's easy to order your Sider

The Sider is priced at just S595 for the
Apple model... S595 for the IBM. Thafs
hundreds of dollars less than what you d
expect to pay for the comparable "big
mime" models. To order, use the coupon
below... or for faster service, order by
phone using \"isa, MasterCard or American
Express, Call toll-free:

1 800 538-1307

Extension 702

I I iCS, please send me the Sider, including 10 nicg3by!e hard disk drive, host adapter card,

cable, complete installation .software and documentation for my: □ Apple ll-H or lie D IBM PC or XT

I prefer to pay as follows:

D V\(t enclosed my check or money order for

S59S* plus SIS shipping and handlinj;,

payable lo First Class Peripherals,

Name

Address

3579 Highway 50 East, Carson City, NV 89701

n Please hill the followini; credii card account
for SS9S* pins Sli shipping and handlinj;:

n\lSA D .MasterCard D American E.'ipress

Ciirdn /:xp Dull.'

Signature

' Residems of CA. NV and PA. please add appropriaie .sales lax.

air

.stale

Zip

Tetefibune (area code)

Mail lo: First Class Peripherals

3579 Highway 50 East, Carson City, NV 89701

Foolish to
pay more.

■ QUALITY MEDIA
■LIFETIME
REPLACEMENT
GUARANTEE

Dangerous :VyTc'epI.

to pay less. • write protects

S.25 SSOD
S.a DSDIl

PC FORiwmo

AT V2ME
3.S' ID IFor M«)
3.S- 2D (for MP)

.95
1.10
1.35

2.7D
3M

aoe- 1

.J5

1.U
2.13

M
.79
LOS
2.09

50 ' m- 2S0 '

M M .79
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1.29 1.25 1.20

2.39 2-49 2.39

2.M 1.99

1.25 3.15 CAU

P.O. BOK 883362
San Francisco, CA 94188
In Cahlornia 415-550-0512
USA orders 800-431-6249
In Canada 403-428-6229

fiOa 53 00 shipping and hand'ing pel 100 Oiskeltes.

COO adfl SI 95. {CA residenis add 6.5=re sales tax)

VISA MC COD

• BiACKSHIP

COMPUTER SUPPLY

maxell disks

LIFETIME WARRANTY

TIRED OF WAITING
FOR SERVICE AND PRICE?

9 out of 10 SURVEYED
DISK BUYERS PREFERRED

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#1 IN SERVICE AND PRICE

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Formatted and hard sectored disks
in stock-Dealer inquiries invited.

COD, VISA, MASTERCARD
All orders shipped within 24 hrs.

AM ^

NORTH HILLS CORP.

INTERNATIONAL

3564 Rolling View Dr.

White Bear Lake, MN. 55110

WN'. call cQllect-612-770-0485

ra

u

nil

Duke University
Computer Camp

Summer 1986

• One camper one computer

• Latest in IBM PC's

• Experienced staff & innovative
curriculum

• Over 2000 campers since 1981

• Re5idenlijl and day campers
in all sessions

• Specialized adult courses

• 2-week .sessions— June-August, 1986

• Re,i,'isfi'r by Dca-mh'i' M for S50 :tiscount

Duke Univirsity Coitiiwler Ciinip

04 Norlh Building

Department CM

Duke Uriivcr^ity

Durham, NC 27706 . (919) 6S4-5545

MEMOREX

FLEXIBLE DISCS

WE WILL NOT BE UNDER-
SOLDtl Call Free (800)235-4137

for prices and inlormation. Dealer
inquiries invited and CO.D.'s
accepted

PACinc

EXCHANGES

U)0 Fooihilt Blvd
San Luis Obispo, CA
93401 In Gal call
(800)592-5935 or
i805)543-1037

^

'^

• Wilh Hub Rings

• Wllh WrJIe Protecl Tabs

■ Wilh Slalic-Free.
Dusl-Frce Envelopes

■ Wllh Usoi ID Labels

• In F,ic1ory Sealed

Poly Packs

69C

Single 5i(J*
£>oublF Dirnftily

790

Doubie Side
Double Detisily

TOO CRf^OR FREE - LIFETIWE WARflANlY

MtEI OR EXCEED APPLECABLF ANSS ECMA ISO

STANDARDS

P/rnimifm (jiiAriniy 50 p3iSkplti'r, Discount fo' 300 i>t
more di<;kf>nrs Shipping and HsndUng: S4 QD piM
:i30ci'hkoitC5 Reaiicet3 5*Tippirigch,irgeloi larger tjurin-
iijips COD aOt) S-i 00 Cash tsr cf-^TifteO cneck Ml
'■r'SiCetiis.idd'i'''. Baicslai Pficpssubjpcl tccti.inar

l■v^!r^OilI notice

^~ COD -—

Precision lH\a. ProducK

F* n Bm 8}ft^. Ciraiid Rip<J^. ^H 4y*(W
l61fiM?2-?4*7 • Michigan 1 -Kmn h.l2-:4frK

I

i

3M Diskettes
Lifetime Warranty

TIRED OF WAITING
FOR SERVICE AND PRICE?

9 out of 10 SURVEYED
DISK BUYERS PREFERRED

NORTH HILLS

#1 IN SERVICE AND PRICE

1-800-328-3472

Formatted and hard sectored disks
in stock-Dealer inquiries invited.

COD, VISA, MASTERCARD
All orders shipped within 24 hrs.

kl\ ^

NORTH HILLS CORP.
INTERNATIONAL

3564 Rolhng View Dr.

While Bear Lake, MN. 55110

MN. cfll; coliec: -612-770-0485

Advertisers
^Index^

R«dd«r Service Number/Advertiser Page

102 Abacus Software 61

103 Abacus Software 63

ABC Schwann 81

104 Activision 46

105 American TV 140

lOA Artificial Intelligence Reseorcti Group . 62

1 07 The AvQlon Hifl Game Company 9

loe Blackship Computer Supply 144

1 09 Broderbund Software, Inc 33

1 10 Broderbund Softwore. (nc 35

1 1 1 Caraco, Inc IBC

C.O.M.B, Co 141

Commodore . BC

1 12 CompuServe 24-25

ComputAbility , 79

113 Computer Direct 93,95,97

1 14 Computer Moil Order 54-55

1 T5 Computer Warehouse 142

1 16 Davidson & Associates 47

1 17 DesignWore 41

Disk Worldf. Inc 137

1 18 Duke University 144

119 EPYX 27

120 EPYX 29

121 EPYX 31

First Class Peripherols 1 43

122 First Star Softwore, tnc 19

Frontrunner Computer Industries .... 140

123 Great Game Products .62

124 Happy Computers, Inc. , . , 136

1 25 Infocom, Inc 39

Inmoc 109

1 26 J & I? Music World 87

1 27 Joson-Ronheim 80

128 Joson-Ranheim 139

129 JVC Company of America 7

Lyco Computer 88-89

laOlvleQaSoft, Ltd, 53

131 [ylegoSoft, Ltd 82-83

132 ivlicro Prose Simulation Software 49

Micro World Computers. Inc 136

133 Mimic Sysfems 57

1 34 Mindscape, Inc 13

135 Mindscape, Inc 14-lS

134 Nibble Notch Computer Products ... 142
137 99/4A Nationoi Assistance Group ... 121

North Hills Ccrp 1 44

North Hills Corp 1 44

135 Okiddtd 2-3

1 39 Orfho Information Services . 37

140 Pacific Exchanges 144

141 Precision Data Products 144

142 Professor Jones 142

143 Protecto 92

144 Quinsept, Inc 62

145 Random House , . , . , , . IFC

146 Scdrborough Systems, Inc. , 11

147 Simon & Shuster 18

148 Ttie Source 69

149 Strategic Simulations. Inc 43

1 50 subLOGIC Corporation 1

Spinndker . 44-45

Spinnaker 46

1 51 Timeworks, Inc 4

1 52 USA*FLEX 60

153 Wtiite House Computer 140

1 54 World Trade 66-67

Classified Ads 1 25

CGMPUTEI Books' New Fail Releases 50-51

COMPUTEI Subscription 17

COMPUTEI's Disk 64

First, Second ond Third Books

■ of Commodore 64 21

40 Great Fligtit Simulator Adventures , , 34
Tl Books Special Offer 20

144 COMPUTEI December 1985

This holiday season put your
fellow PC users on line with

COMPUTE!

The magazine for Home, Education
and Recreational Computing.

SPECIAL HOLIDAY GIFT SAVINGS

For each gift you give, save 25% off tfie regular $24
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Only one card should be used per person. Circle the numbers that
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Please let us know. Do you

own: plan to buy:

Apple

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D

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Commodofe
IBM

Tf-W/4A

Other

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D

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FOR YOUR 64

G1,^S3 delicious bytes for your Commodore 64

"ii^^:;::

'MORE Memory,
S'MORE Powen
S'MOREFun! r

Now, G1K available memory

S'MORE frees up 61,183 bytes of C-64
RAM memory for un-restricted Basic
programming {57% more tiian the
standard C-64)..

A bridge to C-1S8 1

Tfie S'lVlORE command structure
is similar to the C-128's new Basic
7.0, providing C-64 users advanced
programming tectiniques.

S'lN/IORE features

for programming power

,• Over 60 new and enlianced basic '

commands & functions
No peeks or pokes (direct access to
normally peeked/poked items) '

Full error trapping and automatic error helps
Full up/down scrolling through program listings

-• Structured programrriing

Relative files ;

Print using
Formatted inputs '

' Print at. ..and much. .

much more. i liSC' cardco, inc.

The Wizards

._,CARDCO, lnc./300 S. Topeka/Wichita. KS 87202

V

HOWTOEVOIVE <
TO A HIGHER INTELUGENCE

THE COMMODORE 128.

The first step is buying fhe
Commodore 128™ Personal Com-
puter. Tine smartest computer
available for the price. Ifs like get-
ting three computers for less
than one usually costs. You can run
CP/M® business software, the
new programs written for the 128,
and over 3,000'^ommodore 64*
programs. You start out with more
software than most machines
give you offer years on the marl<ief.

THE COMMODORE 128
WORKS FASTER.

To run oil that software and run it
foster you'll wont the 1571 Disk Drive.
You can't find a fasfer drive at the
price, (t transfers nearly 1,000 words
a second (5200 cps|, so you can
load most programs insfonfly

A

THE COMMODORE 128
GETS SMARTER.

Nowtry improving your memory.
Plug in our 1750 RAM Expansion
Module and your 128 moves up
to a powerful 51 2K. That's enough
to handle just about anything you
can dish out, from complicated
business forecasting to giant
data bases.

?
1

THE COMMODORE 128
LEARNS TO COMMUNICATE.

There's no real intelligence without
the ability to communicate. So
you'll want our 1670 Modem/ 1 200.
It puts you in touch with o new
world of shopping, banking,
communications and information
over your telephone line. And if
operates at a lighfning-fast 1200
baud to save on your phone bill.

THE COMMODORE 128
LEARNS TO WRITE.

Looking good in print could be
your next move with the MPS 1000
Printer. It's a new dot matrix
printer designed to make the most
of the 128's speed and high-reso-
lution graphics. The MPS turns out
about 1200 words a minute
(100 cps) of draft-quality printing, or
gives you near-letter-quality at
about 240 words a minute (20 cps).

THE COMMODORE 128
IMPROVES YOUR VISION.

Brains aren't enough without good
looks, so improve your /ision with
Commodore's new 1902 RGB Color
Monitor The high-resolution screen
gives you a sharper image and
better color than your standard TV,
so you can really appreciate fhe
128's great graphics. ^■.

%

All these evolutionary steps ahead won't set you back when it comes

to paying for them. Additions to your Commodore 1 2^:are -^^ "**'
available at a store near you and are as affordable as the 128 itself.'
We think thars a smart way to help you build a computer system. -

I8CP/M Is Q registered trademark of Digital Reieorcli. Inc « 1985. Commodore ElecHonics Liinlied.;

COMMODORE 128' PERSONAL COMPUTER ""

A Higher Intelligence